Thyroid: Papillary carcinoma with inv(10)(p12.1q11.2) ACBD5/RET

2014-12-01   Kiyohiro Hamatani , Kazuaki Koyama , Yuzo Hayashi , Yoichiro Kusunoki 

1.Department of Radiobiology\/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation (KH, KK, YK),, Geriatric Service Facility Hidamari, Hiroshima (YH), Japan. hamatani@rerf.or.jp

Summary

Note

Intrachromosomal rearrangement
Atlas Image
ACBD5-RET fusion gene is a chimeric gene formed by pericentric inversion of the short and long arms of chromosome 10.

Abstract

Mini review on inv(10)(p12.1q11.2) ACBD5/RET in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Classification

Classification

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is a malignant tumor with papillary sturucture derived from thyroid follicular epithelial cells. The tumor cells show cytological features including overlapping nuclei, nuclear grooves and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions.

Clinics and Pathology

Epidemiology

Thyroid cancer is one of the malignancies most closely associated with exposure to ionizing radiation in humans, such as exposure produced by the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Imaizumi et al., 2006) and by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident (Kazakov et al., 1992; Astakhova et al., 1998). RERFs statisticians have recently reported that about 36% of the PTC cases among those exposed as children or adolescents (below 20 years old) were estimated to be attributable to radiation exposure, which was considerably higher than that of 4% for those exposed as adults (above 20 years old) (Furukawa et al., 2013). Constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling pathway-such as alterations of RET, NTRK1, BRAF, and RAS genes-are frequently found in PTC (Gandhi et al., 2010; Greco et al., 2010; Xing et al., 2010). These gene alterations can be detected in more than 70% of PTC cases. In PTC from A-bomb survivors who were exposed to a radiation dose of more than 500 mGy, gene rearangements, including RET, NTRK1 and ALK genes, were frequently detected (Hamatani et al., 2008 and 2012).

Pathology

This PTC case developed from one A-bomb survivor exposed to radiation dose of 1.8 Gy showed moderately or well differentiated papillary structure with solid/trabecular-like architectures in several areas within cancerous regions.
Atlas Image
(A)Low magnification of papillary thyroid carcinoma with ACBD5/RET. (B)The larger magnification of solid/trabecular-like region.

Genes Involved and Proteins

Gene name

ACBD5 (acyl-CoA binding domain containing 5)

Location

10p12.1

Protein description

ACBD5 (acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 5)is a member of the acyl-Coenzyme A binding protein family, known to function in the transport and distribution of long chain acyl-Coenzyme A. This gene may play a role in the differentiation of megakaryocytes and formation of platelets. Seven spliced variants have been reported (RefSeq, July 2014).

Gene name

RET (REarranged during Transfection)

Location

10q11.21

Protein description

RET is a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligands are neurotrophic factors of the glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, including GDNF, neurturin, artemin and persefin. RET activation is mediated via different glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked GRF-receptors (Niccoli-Sire http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/38039/10-2003-RETID76.pdf ).

Result of the chromosomal anomaly

Atlas Image
A)The scheme of ACBD5, RET and ACBD5-RET gene, and predicted ACBD5-RET fusion cDNA as well as the cDNA sequence around the fusion point.Red and blue dotted boxes indicate tyrosine kinase domain and coiled-coil domain. (B)RT-PCR confirmation of ACBD5-RET fusion. Lanes 1, 2, and 6, PTC cases without rearranged RET; lanes 3, 5, and 7, those with RET/PTC1; lane 4, PTC harboring ACBD5-RET; lane 8, H2O for negative control; lane 9, cell line TPC1 harboring RET/PTC1; lane 10, the synthesized nucleotides for positive control of ACBD5-RET plus genomic DNA; lane M, DNA size marker(pUC19-MspI digest)(Hamatani et al., 2014).

Transcript

ACBD5-RET fusion traanscript was detected in an exposed PTC case. Exon 1-12 of ACBD5 gene located on 10p12.1 is fused to exon 12-20 of RET gene located 10q11.2 by pericentric inversion of chromosome 10.

Detection protocole

: A 102 bp cDNA fragment of ACBD5-RET containing the fusion point was detected by SMART RACE method with SMART adaptor-specific primer (5-AAGCAGTGGTAACAACGCAGAGTA-3) and RET gene-specific reverse primer (5-TCCGAGGGAATTCCCACTTT-3)(Hamatani et al., 2010).

Description

This fusion protein contains the tyrosine kinase domain of RET and coiled-coil domain of ACBD5 even if any variant of ACBD5 is fused to RET, since coiled-coil domain of ACBD5 gene is located on exon 10.

Oncogenesis

Tumorigenicity of ACBD5-RET fusion gene was indicated by an in vitro kinase assay and a in vivo tumorigenesis assay with nude mice (Hamatani et al., 2014). The tumorigenesis induced by ACBD5-RET fusion gene products would be due to the constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase of RET gene through the homodimerization of this fusion gene followed by the constitutive activation of MAPK pathway (Hamatani et al., 2014).

Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
97286631998Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer in children of Belarus: a case-control study.Astakhova LN et al
228472182013Long-term trend of thyroid cancer risk among Japanese atomic-bomb survivors: 60 years after exposure.Furukawa K et al
197666982010Mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangements in solid tumors: the model of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Gandhi M et al
198837302010Rearrangements of NTRK1 gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Greco A et al
251750222014A novel RET rearrangement (ACBD5/RET) by pericentric inversion, inv(10)(p12.1;q11.2), in papillary thyroid cancer from an atomic bomb survivor exposed to high-dose radiation.Hamatani K et al
165078022006Radiation dose-response relationships for thyroid nodules and autoimmune thyroid diseases in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.Imaizumi M et al
15228791992Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl.Kazakov VS et al
198837292010Prognostic utility of BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer.Xing M et al

Citation

Kiyohiro Hamatani ; Kazuaki Koyama ; Yuzo Hayashi ; Yoichiro Kusunoki

Thyroid: Papillary carcinoma with inv(10)(p12.1q11.2) ACBD5/RET

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2014-12-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6638/thyroid-papillary-carcinoma-with-inv(10)(p12-1q11-2)-acbd5-ret