| Note | adducin 3 (adducin-like) |
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| | Schematic representation of ADD3. AldolaseII-N: domain belonging to aldolase class I family, adducin subfamily N-terminal, Coils: coiled-coil domain, Bipartite NLS: Bipartite nuclear localization signal. |
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| Description | is membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network and binds to calmodulin.
Adducins are heteromeric proteins composed of different subunits referred to as adducin alpha, beta and gamma encoded by distinct genes and belong to a family of membrane skeletal proteins involved in the assembly of spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues. Structurally, each subunit is comprised of two distinct domains. The amino-terminal region is protease resistant and globular in shape, while the carboxy-terminal region is protease sensitive. The latter contains multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C, the binding site for calmodulin, and is required for association with spectrin and actin. Alternatively spliced adducin gamma transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. The functions of the different isoforms are not known. |
| Expression | Ubiquitous. Heart only expresses isoform 1 or a. |
| Localisation | Membrane skeleton. |
| Function | Adducins are membrane skeletal proteins involved in the assembly of spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues. Adducin is a heterodimeric cytoskeleton protein and consists of an [alpha]-subunit (Mr 103 kDa) and either a [beta]- (Mr 97 kDa) or [gamma]-subunit (Mr 90kDa). Three genes (ADD1, ADD2, and ADD3, respectively) that map to different chromosomes encode these subunits. Adducin promotes the organization of the spectrin-actin lattice by favoring the spectrin-actin binding and controlling the rate of actin polymerization as an end-capping actin protein. Its function is calcium- and calmodulin-dependent. It is phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C, tyrosine, and [rho]-kinases.10 It is a member of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein family, which is involved in signal transduction, cell-to-cell contact formation, and cell migration. Non-silent polymorphisms resulting in subunits alpha and beta have been associated with the regulation of blood pressure in an animal model of hypertension. |
| Homology | It presents homology in various species. It also belongs to ADDUCIN protein family (3 members ADD1, ADD2 and ADD3). |
| Cloning, expression and chromosome mapping of adducin-like 70 (ADDL), a human cDNA highly homologous to human erythrocyte adducin. |
| Katagiri T, Ozaki K, Fujiwara T, Shimizu F, Kawai A, Okuno S, Suzuki M, Nakamura Y, Takahashi E, Hirai Y |
| Cytogenetics and cell genetics. 1996 ; 74 (1-2) : 90-95. |
| PMID 8893809 |
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| A new function for adducin. Calcium/calmodulin-regulated capping of the barbed ends of actin filaments. |
| Kuhlman PA, Hughes CA, Bennett V, Fowler VM |
| The Journal of biological chemistry. 1996 ; 271 (14) : 7986-7991. |
| PMID 8626479 |
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| Genomic organization of the human gamma adducin gene. |
| Citterio L, Azzani T, Duga S, Bianchi G |
| Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1999 ; 266 (1) : 110-114. |
| PMID 10581174 |
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| Adducin: structure, function and regulation. |
| Matsuoka Y, Li X, Bennett V |
| Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 2000 ; 57 (6) : 884-895. |
| PMID 10950304 |
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| Hypertension-linked decrease in the expression of brain gamma-adducin. |
| Yang H, Francis SC, Sellers K, DeBarros M, Sun C, Sumners C, Ferrario CM, Katovich MJ, Muro AF, Raizada MK |
| Circulation research. 2002 ; 91 (7) : 633-639. |
| PMID 12364392 |
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| NUP98 is fused to adducin 3 in a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and myeloid markers, with a new translocation t(10;11)(q25;p15). |
| Lahortiga I, Vizmanos JL, Agirre X, Vˆ°zquez I, Cigudosa JC, Larrayoz MJ, Sala F, Gorosquieta A, Perez-Equiza K, Calasanz MJ, Odero MD |
| Cancer research. 2003 ; 63 (12) : 3079-3083. |
| PMID 12810632 |
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| Decrease in hypothalamic gamma adducin in rat models of hypertension. |
| Yang H, Reaves PY, Katovich MJ, Raizada MK |
| Hypertension. 2004 ; 43 (2) : 324-328. |
| PMID 14732736 |
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| Adducin polymorphism: detection and impact on hypertension and related disorders. |
| Bianchi G, Ferrari P, Staessen JA |
| Hypertension. 2005 ; 45 (3) : 331-340. |
| PMID 15699449 |
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| Role of the adducin family genes in human essential hypertension. |
| Lanzani C, Citterio L, Jankaricova M, Sciarrone MT, Barlassina C, Fattori S, Messaggio E, Serio CD, Zagato L, Cusi D, Hamlyn JM, Stella A, Bianchi G, Manunta P |
| Journal of hypertension. 2005 ; 23 (3) : 543-549. |
| PMID 15716695 |
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