BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain 1)

Identity

Other names	BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1
HGNC	BARD1
Location	2q35
Local_order	Antiparallel

DNA/RNA

	BARD1 structure is presented with RING finger (green) ankyrin repeats (ANK, blue) and BRCT domains (red). Positions of introns (in) are indicated. Structures of splice variants are shown for BARD1beta from the rat (Feki et al., 2004), BARD1delta (Feki et al., 2005; Tsuzuki et al., 2006).
Description	The gene spans 81 kb, composed of 11 exons. Alternatively spliced isoforms are identified. Insert known isoforms: BARD1beta (rat testis) BARD1delta (rat ovarian cancer cells) BARD1delta (HeLa) BARD1delta (rat ovarian cancer cells)
Transcription	Transcription start is 100 bp upstream of first ATG of the BARD1 ORF. There a two 3¹ends reported and possibly two alternative polyadenylation sites. BARD1 is expressed in most proliferative tissues. Highest expression in testis and spleen. No expression the central nervous system.
Pseudogene	No pseudogenes reported.

Protein

	Mouse and human BARD1 protein sequences are shown schematically. RING finger domains (gren), Ankyrin repeats (ANK, blue), BRCT domains (red), nulear localization signals (light blue). Homology between human and mouse BARD1 is indicated in perentage of identical amino acids for structural regions.

Description	Human BARD1 777 amino acids ; Structural motifs: RING, 5 Ankyrin repeats, 2 BRCT domains
Expression	In the mouse BARD1 is expressed in most proliferative tissues. Highest expression in testis and spleen, no expression in nervous system. During mouse development BARD1 is expressed in early embryogenesis and declines after day 9.
Localisation	During S-phase BARD1 localizes to nuclear dots. Partially, BARD1 is also localized to the cytoplasm in response to stress.
Function	BARD1 functions as heterodimer with BRCA1 as ubiquitin ligase. Several targets of the BARD1-BRCA1 ubiquitin ligase have been identified and suggest its implication in DNA repair, polyadenylation, cell cycle control, and mitosis. BARD1 acts as inducer of apoptosis, independently of BRCA1, by binding to p53, and by binding to the stress response kinase DNA-PK, facilitating p53 phosphorylation and stabilization. Thus BARD1 acts as signaling molecule from genotoxic stress towards p53-dependent apoptosis.
Homology	BARD1 is homologous to BRCA1, regarding the N-terminal RING finger and the C-terminal BRCT domains. Weak homology between BARD1 and BRCA1 can be found throughout exon 1 to exon 4. and from exon 7 through exon 11, with conserved intron-exon junctions.

Mutations

Note	Several mutations of BARD1 have been identified in breast and ovarian cancers. Three mutations have been reported associated with inherited predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer.
	BARD1 mutations associated with cancer. Small mutations are not unambiguously identified as cancer causing mutations, long arrows red labeled mutations are accepted as cancer associated. Blue indication maps germ line mutations. Q406R, might be cancer associated.
Germinal	Germline mutations were reported for C557S and Q564H.
Somatic	Several somatic mutation were reported in addition to C557S and Q564H:

Implicated in

Entity	Breast and/or ovarian cancer
Note	Upregulated expression of truncated BARD1 in epithelial cancers.
Prognosis	Upregulated BARD1 is correlated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancer.
Cytogenetics	No determined
Hybrid/Mutated Gene	Not determined
Abnormal Protein	No fusion proteins reported
Entity	Ovarian cancer
Prognosis	Upregulated BARD1 is correlated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancer.
Hybrid/Mutated Gene	No
Abnormal Protein	No fusion proteins reported
Entity	Lung cancer
Prognosis	Upregulated BARD1 is correlated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancer.
Hybrid/Mutated Gene	No
Abnormal Protein	No fusion proteins reported

External links

	Nomenclature
HGNC	BARD1   952
Entrez_Gene	BARD1  580  BRCA1 associated RING domain 1
	Cards
Atlas	BARD1ID756ch2q35
GeneCards	BARD1
Ensembl	BARD1 [Search_View]   ENSG00000138376 [Gene_View]
Genatlas	BARD1
GeneLynx	BARD1
eGenome	BARD1
euGene	580
	Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath	BARD1  -  2q35   chr2:215301520-215382673 -  2q34-q35   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
Ensembl	BARD1 - 2q34-q35 [CytoView]
NCBI	Mapview
OMIM	Disease map [OMIM]
HomoloGene	BARD1
	Gene and transcription
Genbank	AK223409 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AK301843 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AK310759 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AK314260 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC126426 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NM_000465 [ SRS ]    NM_000465 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000045 [ SRS ]    AC_000045 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000134 [ SRS ]    AC_000134 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NC_000002 [ SRS ]    NC_000002 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NT_005403 [ SRS ]    NT_005403 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_001838863 [ SRS ]    NW_001838863 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_921618 [ SRS ]    NW_921618 [ ENTREZ ]
AceView	BARD1 AceView - NCBI
Unigene	Hs.591642 [ SRS ]    Hs.591642 [ NCBI ]     HS591642 [ spliceNest ]
Fast-db	14898 (alternative variants)
	Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
SwissProt	Q53F80 [ SRS]    Q53F80 [ EXPASY ]     Q53F80 [ INTERPRO ]     Q53F80 [ UNIPROT ]
Prosite	PS50297 ANK_REP_REGION [ SRS ]    PS50297 ANK_REP_REGION [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS50088 ANK_REPEAT [ SRS ]    PS50088 ANK_REPEAT [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS50172 BRCT [ SRS ]    PS50172 BRCT [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS00518 ZF_RING_1 [ SRS ]    PS00518 ZF_RING_1 [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS50089 ZF_RING_2 [ SRS ]    PS50089 ZF_RING_2 [ Expasy ]
Interpro	IPR002110 ANK [ SRS ]    IPR002110 ANK [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR001357 BRCT [ SRS ]    IPR001357 BRCT [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR001841 Znf_RING [ SRS ]    IPR001841 Znf_RING [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR013083 Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD [ SRS ]    IPR013083 Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD [ EBI ]
CluSTr	Q53F80
Pfam	PF00023 Ank [ SRS ]    PF00023 Ank [ Sanger ]    pfam00023 [ NCBI-CDD ]
Pfam	PF00533 BRCT [ SRS ]    PF00533 BRCT [ Sanger ]    pfam00533 [ NCBI-CDD ]
Smart	SM00248 ANK [EMBL]
Smart	SM00292 BRCT [EMBL]
Smart	SM00184 RING [EMBL]
Blocks	Q53F80
HPRD	03354
	Protein Interaction databases
DIP	Q53F80
IntAct	Q53F80
	Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
OMIM	114480;601593    [ map ]
GENECLINICS	114480;601593
SNP	BARD1 [dbSNP-NCBI]
SNP	NM_000465 [SNP-NCI]
SNP	BARD1 [GeneSNPs - Utah]  BARD1] [HGBASE - SRS]
HAPMAP	BARD1 [HAPMAP]
COSMIC	BARD1 [Somatic mutation (COSMIC-CGP-Sanger)]
HGMD	BARD1
	General knowledge
Family Browser	BARD1 [UCSC Family Browser]
SOURCE	NM_000465
SMD	Hs.591642
SAGE	Hs.591642
GO	ubiquitin ligase complex [Amigo]  ubiquitin ligase complex
GO	tissue homeostasis [Amigo]  tissue homeostasis
GO	RNA binding [Amigo]  RNA binding
GO	ubiquitin-protein ligase activity [Amigo]  ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
GO	protein binding [Amigo]  protein binding
GO	intracellular [Amigo]  intracellular
GO	nucleus [Amigo]  nucleus
GO	nucleus [Amigo]  nucleus
GO	cytoplasm [Amigo]  cytoplasm
GO	response to DNA damage stimulus [Amigo]  response to DNA damage stimulus
GO	cell cycle arrest [Amigo]  cell cycle arrest
GO	zinc ion binding [Amigo]  zinc ion binding
GO	protein ubiquitination [Amigo]  protein ubiquitination
GO	kinase binding [Amigo]  kinase binding
GO	BRCA1-BARD1 complex [Amigo]  BRCA1-BARD1 complex
GO	negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing [Amigo]  negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
GO	regulation of phosphorylation [Amigo]  regulation of phosphorylation
GO	protein homodimerization activity [Amigo]  protein homodimerization activity
GO	positive regulation of apoptosis [Amigo]  positive regulation of apoptosis
GO	negative regulation of apoptosis [Amigo]  negative regulation of apoptosis
GO	positive regulation of protein catabolic process [Amigo]  positive regulation of protein catabolic process
GO	negative regulation of protein export from nucleus [Amigo]  negative regulation of protein export from nucleus
GO	metal ion binding [Amigo]  metal ion binding
GO	protein heterodimerization activity [Amigo]  protein heterodimerization activity
BIOCARTA	BRCA1-dependent Ub-ligase activity    [Genes]
PubGene	BARD1
TreeFam	BARD1
CTD	580 [Comparative ToxicoGenomics Database]
	Other databases
	Probes
Probe	BARD1 Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
	PubMed
PubMed	81 Pubmed reference(s) in LocusLink

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PMID 16685375

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PMID 16633366

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PMID 17081976

Nordic collaborative study of the BARD1 Cys557Ser allele in 3956 patients with cancer: enrichment in familial BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation-negative breast cancer but not in other malignancies.

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PMID 16825437

The BARD1 Cys557Ser variant and breast cancer risk in Iceland.

Stacey SN, Sulem P, Johannsson OT, Helgason A, Gudmundsson J, Kostic JP, Kristjansson K, Jonsdottir T, Sigurdsson H, Hrafnkelsson J, Johannsson J, Sveinsson T, Myrdal G, Grimsson HN, Bergthorsson JT, Amundadottir LT, Gulcher JR, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kong A, Stefansson K

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PMID 16768547

A truncated splice variant of human BARD1 that lacks the RING finger and ankyrin repeats.

Tsuzuki M, Wu W, Nishikawa H, Hayami R, Oyake D, Yabuki Y, Fukuda M, Ohta T

Cancer letters. 2006 ; 233 (1) : 108-116.

PMID 15878232

BARD1 variants Cys557Ser and Val507Met in breast cancer predisposition.

Vahteristo P, Syrjˆ§koski K, Heikkinen T, Eerola H, Aittomˆ§ki K, von Smitten K, Holli K, Blomqvist C, Kallioniemi OP, Nevanlinna H

European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 2006 ; 14 (2) : 167-172.

PMID 16333312

Aberrant expression of BARD1 in breast and ovarian cancers with poor prognosis.

Wu JY, Vlastos AT, Pelte MF, Caligo MA, Bianco A, Krause KH, Laurent GJ, Irminger-Finger I

International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. 2006 ; 118 (5) : 1215-1226.

PMID 16152612

Ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of BRCA1 and BARD1 during steroidogenesis in human ovarian granulosa cells.

Lu Y, Amleh A, Sun J, Jin X, McCullough SD, Baer R, Ren D, Li R, Hu Y

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 2007 ; 21 (3) : 651-663.

PMID 17185394

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Contributor(s)

Written	02-2007	Irmgard Irminger-Finger
		Biology of Aging Laboratory, Dept of Geriatrics and Dept of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University and University Hospitals, 30, Bloulevard de la Cluse, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :

Irminger-Finger I . BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain 1). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. February 2007 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/BARD1ID756ch2q35.html

© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

indexed on : Mon Aug 11 21:12:21 2008