PTPRG (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G)

Identity

Other names	HPTPG
	PTPG
	R-PTP-GAMMA
	RPTPG
HGNC	PTPRG
Location	3p14.2

DNA/RNA

Description	The PTPRG gene is composed of 30 exons and is approximately 780 kb in size.
Transcription	The transcript length is 4338 bp. An alternatively spliced variant has been reported with a transcript length of 5655 bp.
Pseudogene	no pseudogenes have been reported.

Protein

Description	Amino acids: 1445. Molecular weight: 162058 Daltons. The PTPRG gene belongs to the receptor class 5 subfamily of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.
Expression	PTPRG is expressed in several tissues.
Localisation	Membrane. Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Function	Involved in regulating signaling through ligand-controlled protein tyrosine dephosphorylation. The protein contains an extracellular carbonic anhydrase-like and fibronectin type III-like domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region with 2 tandem catalytic tyrosine phosphatase domains. Y2H, animal models.
Homology	PTPRG shares a PTP domain, involved in dephosphorylating phosphorylated tyrosine residues, with the other receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. The PTPRG gene is conserved in vertebrates. The human and mouse (1442-amino acid) sequences share 95% identity at the amino acid level.

Mutations

Germinal	No germline mutations have been reported.
Somatic	8 different missense mutations in the PTPRG gene have been identified in colon carcinomas: C1082T (T361M), C1385T (A462V), C1541T (T514M), C1777T (R593W), A2864G (E955G), A2918G (Y973C), C3934T (R1312W) A3976G (I1326V). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of a region which includes the PTPRG locus has been shown in clear renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma and colon carcinoma.

Implicated in

Note

PTPRG has been considered a potential tumor suppressor gene based on its function, antagonizing activity of protein tyrosine kinases that often function as oncoproteins. Secondly, because it maps to a region of human chromosome 3, 3p21, that is frequently deleted in renal cell carcinoma and Lung carcinoma. Thirdly, because PTPRG has been shown to harbor point mutations in a subset of colon carcinomas. Fourthly, because the PTPRG gene shows promoter hypermethylation in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and melanoma. Finally, lower expression levels of PTPRG have been reported for a number of cancerous tissues including gastric cancer.

External links

	Nomenclature
HGNC	PTPRG   9671
Entrez_Gene	PTPRG  5793  protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G
	Cards
Atlas	PTPRGID41930ch3p21
GeneCards	PTPRG
Ensembl	PTPRG [Search_View]   ENSG00000144724 [Gene_View]
Genatlas	PTPRG
GeneLynx	PTPRG
eGenome	PTPRG
euGene	5793
	Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath	PTPRG  -  3p14.2   chr3:61522283-62255613 +  3p21-p14   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
Ensembl	PTPRG - 3p21-p14 [CytoView]
NCBI	Mapview
OMIM	Disease map [OMIM]
HomoloGene	PTPRG
	Gene and transcription
Genbank	AB209871 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AI872451 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC036018 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC047734 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC048961 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NM_002841 [ SRS ]    NM_002841 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000046 [ SRS ]    AC_000046 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000135 [ SRS ]    AC_000135 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NC_000003 [ SRS ]    NC_000003 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NT_022517 [ SRS ]    NT_022517 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_001838877 [ SRS ]    NW_001838877 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_921651 [ SRS ]    NW_921651 [ ENTREZ ]
AceView	PTPRG AceView - NCBI
Unigene	Hs.654488 [ SRS ]    Hs.654488 [ NCBI ]     HS654488 [ spliceNest ]
Fast-db	9193 (alternative variants)
	Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
SwissProt	O60420 [ SRS]    O60420 [ EXPASY ]     O60420 [ INTERPRO ]     O60420 [ UNIPROT ]
Prosite	PS51144 ALPHA_CA_2 [ SRS ]    PS51144 ALPHA_CA_2 [ Expasy ]
Interpro	IPR001148 Euk_COanhd [ SRS ]    IPR001148 Euk_COanhd [ EBI ]
CluSTr	O60420
Pfam	PF00194 Carb_anhydrase [ SRS ]    PF00194 Carb_anhydrase [ Sanger ]    pfam00194 [ NCBI-CDD ]
Prodom	PD000865 Euk_COanhd[INRA-Toulouse]
Prodom	O60420 O60420_HUMAN [ Domain structure ]   O60420 O60420_HUMAN  [ sequences sharing at least 1 domain ]
Blocks	O60420
HPRD	01478
	Protein Interaction databases
DIP	O60420
IntAct	O60420
	Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
OMIM	176886    [ map ]
GENECLINICS	176886
SNP	PTPRG [dbSNP-NCBI]
SNP	NM_002841 [SNP-NCI]
SNP	PTPRG [GeneSNPs - Utah]  PTPRG] [HGBASE - SRS]
HAPMAP	PTPRG [HAPMAP]
COSMIC	PTPRG [Somatic mutation (COSMIC-CGP-Sanger)]
HGMD	PTPRG
	General knowledge
Family Browser	PTPRG [UCSC Family Browser]
SOURCE	NM_002841
SMD	Hs.654488
SAGE	Hs.654488
GO	carbonate dehydratase activity [Amigo]  carbonate dehydratase activity
GO	transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity [Amigo]  transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
GO	integral to plasma membrane [Amigo]  integral to plasma membrane
GO	protein amino acid dephosphorylation [Amigo]  protein amino acid dephosphorylation
GO	one-carbon compound metabolic process [Amigo]  one-carbon compound metabolic process
GO	transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway [Amigo]  transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
GO	zinc ion binding [Amigo]  zinc ion binding
GO	membrane [Amigo]  membrane
GO	hydrolase activity [Amigo]  hydrolase activity
PubGene	PTPRG
TreeFam	PTPRG
CTD	5793 [Comparative ToxicoGenomics Database]
	Other databases
	Probes
Probe	PTPRG Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
	PubMed
PubMed	15 Pubmed reference(s) in LocusLink

Bibliography

Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase gamma is a candidate tumor suppressor gene at human chromosome region 3p21.

LaForgia S, Morse B, Levy J, Barnea G, Cannizzaro LA, Li F, Nowell PC, Boghosian-Sell L, Glick J, Weston A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1991 ; 88 (11) : 5036-5040.

PMID 1711217

Mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatome in colorectal cancers.

Wang Z, Shen D, Parsons DW, Bardelli A, Sager J, Szabo S, Ptak J, Silliman N, Peters BA, van der Heijden MS, Parmigiani G, Yan H, Wang TL, Riggins G, Powell SM, Willson JK, Markowitz S, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Velculescu VE

Science (New York, N.Y.). 2004 ; 304 (5674) : 1164-1166.

PMID 15155950

Epigenetic profiling of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes including BCL7a, PTPRG, and p73.

van Doorn R, Zoutman WH, Dijkman R, de Menezes RX, Commandeur S, Mulder AA, van der Velden PA, Vermeer MH, Willemze R, Yan PS, Huang TH, Tensen CP

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2005 ; 23 (17) : 3886-3896.

PMID 15897551

Silencing of Peroxiredoxin 2 and aberrant methylation of 33 CpG islands in putative promoter regions in human malignant melanomas.

Furuta J, Nobeyama Y, Umebayashi Y, Otsuka F, Kikuchi K, Ushijima T

Cancer research. 2006 ; 66 (12) : 6080-6086.

PMID 16778180

Protein tyrosine-phosphatase expression profiling in gastric cancer tissues.

Wu CW, Kao HL, Li AF, Chi CW, Lin WC

Cancer letters. 2006 ; 242 (1) : 95-103.

PMID 16338072

REVIEW articles	automatic search in PubMed
Last year publications	automatic search in PubMed

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Contributor(s)

Written	12-2006	Cornelis P Tensen, Remco van Doorn

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :

Tensen CP, van Doorn R . PTPRG (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. December 2006 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/PTPRGID41930ch3p21.html

© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

indexed on : Mon Aug 11 21:16:48 2008