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Schwannomatosis

Identity

Note A third major form of neurofibromatosis
Inheritance Up to 90% of schwannomatosis are isolated cases. An annual incidence of newly identified cases was estimated to be approximately 1 in 1,700,000. Inheritance in familial cases is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance.

Clinics

Note Clinical spectrum of schwannomatosis has similarity to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and overlap to some extent with that of NF2. Both disorders share the predisposition to multiple schwannomas.
Phenotype and clinics
  • Critetia for definite diagnosis: two or more pathologically sampled schwannomas and lack of evidence of vestibular nerve tumor on magnetic resonance imaging performed after age 18 years.

  • Criteria for presumptive diagnosis: two or more pathologically ascertained schwannomas without symptoms of eighth nerve dysfunction at age above 30 years or two or more pathologically sampled schwannomas in an anatomically limited distribution without symptoms of eighth nerve dysfunction at any age
    • Neoplastic risk Benign schwannomas of peripheral nerve.
    Treatment Surgical resection upon indication for pain and neurological symptoms. Electromyographical or electrohpysiological monitoring can be used to minimize the risk of iatrogenic injery to the nerve or spinal cord during surgery.
    Prognosis Schwannomatosis-associated tumors are basically of benign nature. Surgical outcome depends on anatomical localization and size of the tumor. No reduction in life-span expectation.

    Cytogenetics

    Inborn conditions No special feature.

    Genes involved and Proteins

    Note The genetic cause for schwannomatosis has not yet be identified. Linkage analysis has exclude the NF2 gene region and located the responsible locus to a 5 mega-basepair interval proximal to the NF2 gene on chromosome 22
    Mutations
    Note Though alterations of the NF2 gene have been found in schwannomatosis-associated tumors, none of them has ever been found in any non-tumor tissues such as peripheral leukocytes of the patients.
    Somatic Somatic mutations and allele loss of the NF2 gene have been found in schwannomatosis-associated schwannomas.

    Bibliography

    Schwannomatosis: a clinical and pathologic study.
    MacCollin M, Woodfin W, Kronn D, Short MP
    Neurology. 1996 ; 46 (4) : 1072-1079.
    PMID 8780094
     
    Molecular analysis of the NF2 tumor-suppressor gene in schwannomatosis.
    Jacoby LB, Jones D, Davis K, Kronn D, Short MP, Gusella J, MacCollin M
    American journal of human genetics. 1997 ; 61 (6) : 1293-1302.
    PMID 9399891
     
    Multiple schwannomas: schwannomatosis or neurofibromatosis type 2?
    Seppˆ§lˆ§ MT, Sainio MA, Haltia MJ, Kinnunen JJ, Setˆ§lˆ§ KH, Jˆ§ˆ§skelˆ§inen JE
    Journal of neurosurgery. 1998 ; 89 (1) : 36-41.
    PMID 9647170
     
    Population-based analysis of sporadic and type 2 neurofibromatosis-associated meningiomas and schwannomas.
    Antinheimo J, Sankila R, Carpˆ©n O, Pukkala E, Sainio M, Jˆ§ˆ§skelˆ§inen J
    Neurology. 2000 ; 54 (1) : 71-76.
    PMID 10636128
     
    Familial schwannomatosis: exclusion of the NF2 locus as the germline event.
    MacCollin M, Willett C, Heinrich B, Jacoby LB, Acierno JS Jr, Perry A, Louis DN
    Neurology. 2003 ; 60 (12) : 1968-1974.
    PMID 12821741
     
    Diagnostic criteria for schwannomatosis.
    MacCollin M, Chiocca EA, Evans DG, Friedman JM, Horvitz R, Jaramillo D, Lev M, Mautner VF, Niimura M, Plotkin SR, Sang CN, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Roach ES
    Neurology. 2005 ; 64 (11) : 1838-1845.
    PMID 15955931
     
    Increasing the specificity of diagnostic criteria for schwannomatosis.
    Baser ME, Friedman JM, Evans DG
    Neurology. 2006 ; 66 (5) : 730-732.
    PMID 16534111
     
    REVIEW articlesautomatic search in PubMed
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    Contributor(s)

    Written08-2006Lan Kluwe
    Laboratory for Tumor Biology, and Developmental Disorders, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany

    Citation

    This paper should be referenced as such :
    Kluwe L . Schwannomatosis. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. August 2006 .
    URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Kprones/SchwannomatID10122.html

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