Disease |
multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell proliferation (chronic lymphoproliferative disorder) |
Phenotype / cell stem origin |
phenotype of mature differentiated B-cell, but also with CD56 expression, which origin is not found in normal plasma cell; CD38+, CD40+, CD138+ |
Etiology | differents factors like cytotoxic drugs, ionizing radiation or oncogenic viruses are suspected to induce decondensation of pericentric heterochromatin, which, in turn, favours the formation of triradials, giving rise to 1q extra copies; such could be the case during evolution of multiple myeloma |
Epidemiology | multiple myeloma's annual incidence: 30/106; mean age: 62 yrs; rearrangements of chromosome 1q are one of the most frequent sructural abnormalitie in MM (16-26% of abnormal cases), but always as a secondary change |
Clinics | bone pain; susceptibility to infections; renal failure; neurologic dysfonctions |
Pathology | MM staging: - stage I: low tumour cell mass; normal Hb; low serum calcium; no bone lesion; low monoclonal Ig rate; - stage II: fitting neither stage I nor stage III; - stage III: high tumour cell mass; low Hb and/or high serum calcium and/or advanced lytic bone lesions and/or high monoclonal Ig rate |
Evolution | multiple myeloma can evolve towards plasma cell leukemia |
Prognosis | prognosis (highly variable) is according to the staging and other parameters, of which are now the karyotypic findings (see below) |
Cytogenetic study of 30 patients with multiple myeloma: comparison of 3 and 6 day bone marrow cultures stimulated or not with cytokines by using a miniaturized karyotypic method. |
Brigaudeau C, Trimoreau F, Gachard N, Rouzier E, Jaccard A, Bordessoule D, Praloran V |
British journal of haematology. 1997 ; 96 (3) : 594-600. |
PMID 9054668 |
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Cytogenetic analysis of 280 patients with multiple myeloma and related disorders: primary breakpoints and clinical correlations. |
Calasanz MJ, Cigudosa JC, Odero MD, Ferreira C, Ardanaz MT, Fraile A, Carrasco JL, Solé F, Cuesta B, Gullón A |
Genes, chromosomes & cancer. 1997 ; 18 (2) : 84-93. |
PMID 9115968 |
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Improved cytogenetics in multiple myeloma: a study of 151 patients including 117 patients at diagnosis. |
Laï JL, Zandecki M, Mary JY, Bernardi F, Izydorczyk V, Flactif M, Morel P, Jouet JP, Bauters F, Facon T |
Blood. 1995 ; 85 (9) : 2490-2497. |
PMID 7537117 |
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Jumping translocations of chromosome 1q in multiple myeloma: evidence for a mechanism involving decondensation of pericentromeric heterochromatin. |
Sawyer JR, Tricot G, Mattox S, Jagannath S, Barlogie B |
Blood. 1998 ; 91 (5) : 1732-1741. |
PMID 9473240 |
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Cytogenetic findings in 200 patients with multiple myeloma. |
Sawyer JR, Waldron JA, Jagannath S, Barlogie B |
Cancer genetics and cytogenetics. 1995 ; 82 (1) : 41-49. |
PMID 7627933 |
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