Written | 2016-10 | Nahid Shahmarvand, Robert S. Ohgami |
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; ROhgami@stanfordhealthcare.org |
Abstract | Review on Myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated deletion of 5q |
Keywords | Myelodysplastic syndrome; chromosome 5; deletion 5q |
Identity |
ICD-Topo | C420,C421,C424 |
ICD-Morpho | 9986/3 Myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated del(5q) |
Atlas_Id | 1134 |
Other names | Myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated deletion of 5q |
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del (5q) Partial karyotypes with del(5q) (A). Hybridization with Vysis LSI CSF1R (5q33-34)/5p15.2 and Vysis EGR1(5q31)/5p15.2 probes (Abbott molecular, US) showing 2 red and 2 green signals on normal metaphase (B) and showing deletions of various sizes involving EGRI and CSFR1 (missing red signals) (C-I) - Courtesy Adriana Zamecnikova. | |
Clinics and Pathology |
Disease | Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with isolated deletion of chromosome 5q is part of a group of clonal disorders in myeloid stem cells with ineffective hematopoiesis which is manifested by morphologic dysplasia in hematopoietic cells and single or bilineage cytopenia(s). It is the only MDS subtype defined cytogenetically in the World Health Organization classification system. |
Phenotype / cell stem origin | Myeloid stem cell. |
Epidemiology | MDS with isolated del(5q) is present in <5% of MDS cases (Mallo et al., 2011). It occurs more often in women than in men, male:female ratio 7:3, with a median age of diagnosis at 65 to 70 years. |
Clinics | Patients suffering from MDS with isolated del(5q) present with a macrocytic anemia, normal or increased platelet count and absence of significant neutropenia in their peripheral blood. The incidence of bleeding and infections is therefore low in these patients because of the absence of significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Blood transfusion dependency is seen in patients with severe anemia at diagnosis but also can develop in other patients (Germing et al., 2012). According to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), MDS with isolated del(5q) are defined as Low- or Intermediate -1- risk subtypes and usually have an indolent course. |
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Figure 1: An example of a typical hypolobated micromegakaryocyte in a bone marrow aspirate smear. (Wright-Giemsa) | |
Pathology | The bone marrow is characterized by an increase in the number of small megakaryocytes with monolobulated and bilobulated nuclei. There are less than 1% blasts in the peripheral blood and less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow and Auer Rods are absent (Arber et al., 2016). |
Treatment | MDS patients with isolated del(5q) have a favorable prognosis and the majority of patients respond well to treatment with lenalidomide. |
Prognosis | This subtype of MDS has a favorable prognosis. The exception is when this disease is associated with mutations in TP53. |
Cytogenetics |
Cytogenetics Morphological | As its name implies, in this entity there is interstitial deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome 5 involving 5q31-5q33. MDS with isolated del(5q) can still be diagnosed if there is 1 additional cytogenetic abnormality besides del(5q) if there is no adverse effect of that abnormality, as such, this excludes |
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Figure 2: The karyotype in a case of MDS with isolated del(5q) showing 46,XX,del(5)(q22q35). Image courtesy of Dana Bangs, CG(ASCP), Stanford University. | |
Cytogenetics Molecular | The gene specific for the defect seen in MDS with isolated del(5q) has been identified by RNA interference screening to be RPS14 (Pellagatti et al., 2008). In addition, while patients with MDS with isolated del(5q) classically have a favorable prognosis, the presence of a TP53 mutation is of particular importance, this mutation predicts for poorer prognosis and higher risk of transformation to AML (Mallo et al.,2013). |
Genes involved and Proteins |
Gene Name | RPS14 (ribosomal protein S14) |
Location | 5q33.1 |
Protein | RPS14 is a ribosomal gene located in commonly deleted region (CDR) of 5q. It encodes for a protein required for maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Patients with MDS with del(5q) are haploinsufficient for RPS14 which leads to impairment of ribosome biogenesis and subsequent reduction of protein translation. |
Gene Name | TP53 (Tumour protein p53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome)) |
Location | 17p13.1 |
Protein | The TP53 gene encodes for the tumor suppressor protein p53. In the presence of DNA -damage p53 may be activated to fix the damage, or if the damage cannot be repaired p53 prevents the cell from dividing and signals the cell to undergo apoptosis. |
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Response to lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q): influence of cytogenetics and mutations |
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Isolated del(5q) in myeloid malignancies: clinicopathologic and molecular features in 143 consecutive patients |
Patnaik MM, Lasho TL, Finke CM, Knudson RA, Ketterling RP, Chen D, Hoyer JD, Hanson CA, Tefferi A |
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PMID 21523797 |
Haploinsufficiency of RPS14 in 5q- syndrome is associated with deregulation of ribosomal- and translation-related genes |
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p53 protein expression independently predicts outcome in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with del(5q) |
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Citation |
This paper should be referenced as such : |
Nahid Shahmarvand, Robert S Ohgami |
del (5q) solely in Myelodysplastic syndrome |
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2017;21(7):249-251. |
Free journal version : [ pdf ] [ DOI ] |
On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Anomalies/del5qSoleID1134.html |
Translocations implicated (Data extracted from papers in the Atlas) |
del(5q) solely in Myelodysplastic syndrome | |
External links |
Mitelman database | del(5q) |
arrayMap (UZH-SIB Zurich) | Morph ( 9986/3) - [auto + random 100 samples .. if exist ] [tabulated segments] |
REVIEW articles | automatic search in PubMed |
Last year articles | automatic search in PubMed |
All articles | automatic search in PubMed |
© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Mon Dec 14 18:24:30 CET 2020 |
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