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| | Stably transfected (by lipofection) living cells U-2 OS (human osteosarcoma) cell line with plasmid producing red fluorescent fusion protein AIFM2-tHcRed. |
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| Description | AIFM2 is oxidoreductase of 373 AA lenght. It is predicted to take part in caspase-independent apoptosis similarly to homologous AIFM1 (AIF, PDCD8). AIFM2 is p53-responsive gene and production of AIFM2 was found to be suppressed in many human cancers. |
| Expression | AIFM2 was detected in most healthy tissues in form of two transcripts (1.8 and 4.0 kb). It is highly expressed in heart, moderately in liver and skeletal muscles, and expressed at low levels in placenta, lung, kidney, and pancreas. |
| Localisation | Cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes. |
| Function | Oxidoreductase, that may be important in mediating a TP53/p53-dependent apoptotic response. Predicted to be caspase-independent effector of apoptotic cell death, but not shown by other authors. Function of this protein is thus unknown. |
| Homology | Homologous to AIFM1 (AIF, PDCD8). They share 22% aminoacid identity. It belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. |
| AMID: new insights on its intracellular localization and expression at apoptosis. |
| Bilyy R, Kit Y, Hellman U, Stoika R. |
| Apoptosis. 2008 May;13(5):729-32. |
| PMID 18368494 |
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| DNA binding suppresses human AIF-M2 activity and provides a connection between redox chemistry, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. |
| Gong M, Hay S, Marshall KR, Munro AW, Scrutton NS. |
| J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 12;282(41):30331-40. Epub 2007 Aug 20. |
| PMID 17711848 |
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| The human apoptosis-inducing protein AMID is an oxidoreductase with a modified flavin cofactor and DNA binding activity. |
| Marshall KR, Gong M, Wodke L, Lamb JH, Jones DJ, Farmer PB, Scrutton NS, Munro AW. |
| J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 2;280(35):30735-40. Epub 2005 Jun 15. |
| PMID 15958387 |
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| The p53-inducible apoptotic protein AMID is not required for normal development and tumor suppression. |
| Mei J, Webb S, Zhang B, Shu HB. |
| Oncogene. 2006 Feb 9;25(6):849-56. |
| PMID 16186796 |
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| A novel p53-inducible apoptogenic gene, PRG3, encodes a homologue of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). |
| Ohiro Y, Garkavtsev I, Kobayashi S, Sreekumar KR, Nantz R, Higashikubo BT, Duffy SL, Higashikubo R, Usheva A, Gius D, Kley N, Horikoshi N. |
| FEBS Lett. 2002 Jul 31;524(1-3):163-71. |
| PMID 12135761 |
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| Bioinformatic and image analyses of the cellular localization of the apoptotic proteins endonuclease G, AIF, and AMID during apoptosis in human cells. |
| Varecha M, Amrichova J, Zimmermann M, Ulman V, Lukasova E, Kozubek M. |
| Apoptosis. 2007 Jul;12(7):1155-71. |
| PMID 17347867 |
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| AMID is a p53-inducible gene downregulated in tumors. |
| Wu M, Xu LG, Su T, Tian Y, Zhai Z, Shu HB. |
| Oncogene. 2004 Sep 2;23(40):6815-9. |
| PMID 15273740 |
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