Note | CYP2W1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme belonging to family 2. Other family 2 members are important for the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. In mammals the P450 enzymes are membrane bound and mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but also to the mitochondria. |
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| Alignment of the deduced CYP2W1 amino acid sequences from human, chimpanzee, rat, mouse, dog and chicken. Human 9e corresponds to the CYP2W1 reference sequence consisting of nine exons, whereas human 8e corresponds to the eight-exon-transcript mentioned above. For chimpanzee three transcripts are know, here numbered 1-3. All animal sequences correspond to the CYP2W1 homologous genes listed below. The conserved cysteine serving as the fifth heme iron ligand (mentioned below) is indicated with a red box. |
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Description | All cytochrome P450 enzymes have a similar fold although their sequence identity can be very low. Structurally, P450 enzymes have a conserved core consisting of a four-helix bundle, including helices D, E, I and L, and the two helices J and K. In addition there are two sets of conserved beta-sheets containing five and two strands respectively. All P450 enzymes contain a heme group and one of the few conserved residues is a conserved cysteine serving as the fifth heme iron ligand. A structural similarity of mammalian P450 enzymes is the hydrophobic NH2-terminal part spanning the membrane and serving as membrane anchor. |
Expression | CYP2W1 mRNA and/or protein are highly expressed in some cancer types including colon, adrenal gland, lung and gastric cancers. In addition high CYP2W1 expression has been detected in two human derived cell lines, Caco2-TC7 and HepG2. HepG2 is the cell line where CYP2W1 was first identified, however the expression levels in Caco2-TC7 exceeds the levels in HepG2 cells significantly. Some scientists have also reported CYP2W1 mRNA expression in various adult human tissues as well as in keratinocytes and MCF10A cells, however so far no protein has been identified in these tissues/cells, which might be an indication of low expression levels. For non-human tissues high CYP2W1 mRNA expression levels are found in whole mouse embryo and in rat fetal colon. The expression in fetal rat colon increased by fetal age, whereas the opposite was seen in adult rat colon where the expression levels decreased again after birth. |
Localisation | Cytochrome P450 family 2 members are usually located in the ER membrane, however CYP2W1 have been detected both in microsomes (i.e. ER) and in mitochondria. |
Function | Cytochrome P450 enzymes are monooxidases and as mentioned other family 2 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of many drugs. The knowledge about CYP2W1 substrates are today limited. The substrates identified are arachidonic acid, benzfetamine and indole. In addition, CYP2W1 has been reported to activate a number of procarcinogens, e.g. PAHs, aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin etc. (for a more detailed list see Wu et al., 2006). Based on the high CYP2W1 expression in fetal rat colon and mouse embryo it is possible that CYP2W1 has some yet unknown function during embryogenesis/differentiation. |
Homology | - CYP2W1 (Pan troglodytes) - Cyp2w1 (Mus musculus) - Cyp2w1 (Rattus norvegicus) Denoted as similar to CYP2W1: - LOC416454 (Gallus gallus) - LOC491601 (Canis lupus familiaris) |
Systematic search for gastric cancer-specific genes based on SAGE data: melanoma inhibitory activity and matrix metalloproteinase-10 are novel prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. |
Aung PP, Oue N, Mitani Y, Nakayama H, Yoshida K, Noguchi T, Bosserhoff AK, Yasui W. |
Oncogene. 2006 Apr 20;25(17):2546-57. |
PMID 16331256 |
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Expression patterns of mouse and human CYP orthologs (families 1-4) during development and in different adult tissues. |
Choudhary D, Jansson I, Stoilov I, Sarfarazi M, Schenkman JB. |
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Apr 1;436(1):50-61. |
PMID 15752708 |
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Effects of the differentiated keratinocyte phenotype on expression levels of CYP1-4 family genes in human skin cells. |
Du L, Neis MM, Ladd PA, Lanza DL, Yost GS, Keeney DS. |
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Jun 1;213(2):135-44. Epub 2005 Nov 22. |
PMID 16307767 |
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The expression of the novel CYP2W1 enzyme is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer - a pilot study. |
Edler D, Stenstedt K, Ohrling K, Hallstrom M, Karlgren M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Ragnhammar P. |
Eur J Cancer. 2009 Mar;45(4):705-12. Epub 2008 Dec 30. |
PMID 19118998 |
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Expression of CYP2W1 in colon tumors: regulation by gene methylation. |
Gomez A, Karlgren M, Edler D, Bernal ML, Mkrtchian S, Ingelman-Sundberg M. |
Pharmacogenomics. 2007 Oct;8(10):1315-25. |
PMID 17979506 |
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Genetic polymorphisms and haplotype structures of the human CYP2W1 gene in a Japanese population. |
Hanzawa Y, Sasaki T, Mizugaki M, Ishikawa M, Hiratsuka M. |
Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Feb;36(2):349-52. Epub 2007 Nov 12. |
PMID 17998294 |
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Tumour-specific expression of CYP2W1: its potential as a drug target in cancer therapy. |
Karlgren M, Ingelman-Sundberg M. |
Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 Jan;11(1):61-7. |
PMID 17150034 |
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Cytochrome P450 expression and metabolic activation of cooked food mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in MCF10A breast epithelial cells. |
Thomas RD, Green MR, Wilson C, Weckle AL, Duanmu Z, Kocarek TA, Runge-Morris M. |
Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Apr 15;160(3):204-16. Epub 2006 Mar 9. |
PMID 16527260 |
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Recombinant enzymes overexpressed in bacteria show broad catalytic specificity of human cytochrome P450 2W1 and limited activity of human cytochrome P450 2S1. |
Wu ZL, Sohl CD, Shimada T, Guengerich FP. |
Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Jun;69(6):2007-14. Epub 2006 Mar 21. |
PMID 16551781 |
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Enzymatic properties of human CYP2W1 expressed in Escherichia coli. |
Yoshioka H, Kasai N, Ikushiro S, Shinkyo R, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K, Sakaki T. |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jun 23;345(1):169-74. Epub 2006 Apr 27. |
PMID 16677611 |
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