ETV1 (ets variant 1)

2013-02-01   Yu Chen , Ping Chi 

Human Oncology, Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York, Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA

Identity

HGNC
LOCATION
7p21.2
LOCUSID
ALIAS
ER81
FUSION GENES

DNA/RNA

Atlas Image
The ETV1 gene locus is on the p arm of chromosome 7 (7p21.3), spanning from 13930854 to 14031050 (Feb. 2009 GRCh37/hg19).

Description

The ETV1 (ETS-translocation variant 1) gene belongs to the PEA3-subfamily of erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS)-family of transcription factors. It is located on chromosome 7p21.3, consisting of 13 exons and spanning approximately 100 kb DNA in length (Coutte et al., 1999).

Transcription

ETV1 has 7 Refseq transcripts that are generated by alternative splicing and alternative transcriptional initiation.

Pseudogene

No pseudogene reported.

Proteins

Atlas Image
Schematics of ETV1 and PEA3-subfamily homolog, ETV4 and ETV5. Transcriptional activation acidic domains are in grey and ETS DNA binding domains are in black (adapted from Oh et al., 2012).

Description

ETV1 belongs to the PEA3-subfamily of erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS)-family of transcription factors. There are 7 protein isoforms of ETV1, ranging from 374 amino acids to 477 amino acids (~55 kD).

Expression

The ETV1 protein is physiologically expressed in the central nervous system including the developing propioceptive neurons, the motor neurons and the dopaminergic neurons (Arber et al., 2000; Flames and Hobert, 2009). ETV1 is also expressed in the inner core cells of the Pacinian corpuscle (Sedy et al., 2006) and in the interstitial cells of Cajal (Chen et al., 2007; Chi et al., 2010). Pathologically, the ETV1 protein is aberrantly expressed in a subset of melanoma and prostate cancer through genomic rearrangements (Jané-Valbuena et al., 2010; Tomlins et al., 2005), or abnormally highly expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) through high endogenous expression and protein stabilization by active MAP kinase signaling (Chi et al., 2010), or partially highly expressed as part of an oncogenic fusion protein-EWSR1-ETV1-in Ewing sarcoma (Jeon et al., 1995).

Localisation

Nucleus.

Function

ETV1 belongs to the ETS (E-twenty-six) family of transcription factors and the PEA3 subfamily transcription factors (ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5). It specifically recognizes the GGAA core consensus DNA motif in the genome and mediates transcriptional activation and repression of target genes in cell type and cell lineage-specific contexts. ETV1 is critical in the normal development of a functional sensory-motor circuitry in the spinal cord (Arber et al., 2000), the specification of a group of specialized dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (Flames and Hobert, 2009), the normal development of the Pacinian corpuscle (Sedy et al., 2006), and the normal development and specification of the subclasses of interstitial cells of Cajal localized in the circular muscle and in the myenteric plexus (Chi et al., 2010). ETV1 contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of cancer types through 1) aberrantly overexpression in melanoma and prostate cancer via genomic rearrangement (Jané-Valbuena et al., 2010; Tomlins et al., 2007; Tomlins et al., 2005), 2) abnormal protein stabilization in GIST (Chi et al., 2010), 3) formation of the oncogenic fusion protein EWSR1-ETV1 in Ewing sarcoma (Jeon et al., 1995).

Homology

A member of the ETS-family transcription factor and the PEA3 subfamily transcription factors , with most sequence homology to ETV5 and ETV4.

Mutations

Note

No validated known mutations.

Implicated in

Entity name
Ewing sarcoma
Prognosis
The prognostic relevance remains to be determined.
Cytogenetics
Ewing sarcoma translocation, t(7;22)(p22;q12) that fused EWSR1 to the ETV1 gene (Jeon et al., 1995).
Hybrid gene
EWSR1-ETV1 fusion gene accounts for ~1% of all Ewing sarcomas. The majority of Ewing sarcoma fusion genes are EWSR1-FLI1 (~85%) and EWSR1-ERG (~10%).
Fusion protein
EWSR1-ETV1 fusion protein that fuses the first 7 exons of EWSR1 to the last 3-4 exons of ETV1 (exons 10 or 11-exon 13).
Atlas Image
Common breakpoints of the EWS-ETV1 fusion. DNA-BD: DNA binding domain; Pro: proline-rich activation domain; PTD: pointed domain; RGG: arginine-glycine-glycine-rich region; RRM: RNA recognition motif; SYQG: serine-tyrosine-glutamine-glycine-rich region that has a high transactivation potential; ZN: zinc finger. Adapted from Janknecht, 2005.
Oncogenesis
The EWSR1-ETS (EWSR1-FLI1, EWSR1-ETV1, EWSR1-ERG, etc) fusion proteins are thought to be the "oncogenic drivers" in Ewing sarcoma. EWSR1-FLI1 and EWSR1-ERG have been modeled in cell lines demonstrating the requirement of the oncogenic fusion proteins for Ewing sarcoma cell line growth and survival. The EWSR1-ETV1 fusion protein has not been modeled.
Entity name
Prostate cancer
Prognosis
ETV1 fusion seems to confer a poorer prognosis in several studies.
Atlas Image
Typical breakpoint in prostate cancer fusions.
Oncogenesis
ETV1 is aberrantly overexpressed in prostate cancer through genomic rearrangements that result in overexpression of a truncated ETV1 or full-length ETV1. ETV1 is required for the growth of ETV1-positive prostate cancer cells and ETV1 overexpression confers invasiveness prostate cancer cells (Tomlins et al., 2007; Tomlins et al., 2005).
Entity name
Melanoma
Prognosis
The prognostic relevance remains to be determined.
Oncogenesis
ETV1 is amplified in 13% of primary and 18% of metastatic melanomas, which results in aberrant overexpression. ETV1 is required for growth and proliferation of melanoma cells with ETV1 amplification and it cooperates with oncogenic NRAS (G12D) for tumorigenesis in mice (Jané-Valbuena et al., 2010).
Entity name
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Prognosis
The prognostic relevance remains to be determined.
Oncogenesis
ETV1 is naturally highly expressed and is required for the development of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gastrointestinal tract that are the precursor cells of GIST. It is also highly expressed and required for the growth, survival and tumorigenesis of GISTs. It drives a core transcriptional program that is conserved in ICC and GIST. ETV1 protein level is stabilized by active KIT and downstream MAP kinase signaling pathways and cooperates with mutant KIT in GIST pathogenesis (Chi et al., 2010).

Breakpoints

Atlas Image
ETV1 and partners.

Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
108504912000ETS gene Er81 controls the formation of functional connections between group Ia sensory afferents and motor neurons.Arber S et al
178953952007Differential gene expression in functional classes of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine small intestine.Chen H et al
209271042010ETV1 is a lineage survival factor that cooperates with KIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumours.Chi P et al
105972261999Characterization of the human and mouse ETV1/ER81 transcription factor genes: role of the two alternatively spliced isoforms in the human.Coutte L et al
192873742009Gene regulatory logic of dopamine neuron differentiation.Flames N et al
201600282010An oncogenic role for ETV1 in melanoma.Jané-Valbuena J et al
162025442005EWS-ETS oncoproteins: the linchpins of Ewing tumors.Janknecht R et al
77006481995A variant Ewing's sarcoma translocation (7;22) fuses the EWS gene to the ETS gene ETV1.Jeon IS et al
224255842012ETV1, 4 and 5: an oncogenic subfamily of ETS transcription factors.Oh S et al
164936902006ETS transcription factor ER81 is required for the Pacinian corpuscle development.Sedý J et al
176715022007Distinct classes of chromosomal rearrangements create oncogenic ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer.Tomlins SA et al

Other Information

Locus ID:

NCBI: 2115
MIM: 600541
HGNC: 3490
Ensembl: ENSG00000006468

Variants:

dbSNP: 2115
ClinVar: 2115
TCGA: ENSG00000006468
COSMIC: ETV1

RNA/Proteins

Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
ENSG00000006468ENST00000242066P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000399357P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000403527P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000403685P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000405192P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000405218P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000405358B5MCT2
ENSG00000006468ENST00000420159P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000421381C9J4P4
ENSG00000006468ENST00000430479P50549
ENSG00000006468ENST00000431887C9J9L1
ENSG00000006468ENST00000433547C9J0B7
ENSG00000006468ENST00000438956C9JX69
ENSG00000006468ENST00000443137F8WEH6
ENSG00000006468ENST00000443608C9JQH6

Expression (GTEx)

0
50
100
150
200

Pathways

PathwaySourceExternal ID
Transcriptional misregulation in cancerKEGGko05202
Transcriptional misregulation in cancerKEGGhsa05202

References

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
238170212013ETS factors reprogram the androgen receptor cistrome and prime prostate tumorigenesis in response to PTEN loss.120
209271042010ETV1 is a lineage survival factor that cooperates with KIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumours.116
224255842012ETV1, 4 and 5: an oncogenic subfamily of ETS transcription factors.94
170324992006TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion causing ERG overexpression precedes chromosome copy number changes in prostate carcinomas and paired HGPIN lesions.79
201042292010Molecular characterisation of ERG, ETV1 and PTEN gene loci identifies patients at low and high risk of death from prostate cancer.79
176324552007Gene fusions between TMPRSS2 and ETS family genes in prostate cancer: frequency and transcript variant analysis by RT-PCR and FISH on paraffin-embedded tissues.56
201600282010An oncogenic role for ETV1 in melanoma.46
175050602007ETV1 is a novel androgen receptor-regulated gene that mediates prostate cancer cell invasion.43
235220422013Etv1 inactivation reveals proprioceptor subclasses that reflect the level of NT3 expression in muscle targets.43
147474622004Concerted activation of ETS protein ER81 by p160 coactivators, the acetyltransferase p300 and the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2/Neu.42

Citation

Yu Chen ; Ping Chi

ETV1 (ets variant 1)

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2013-02-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/73/etv1