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| Domains of MAZ are depicted with vertical colored lines; Blacks are Poly-Alanine repeats; Green is Poly-Proline tract; Red column is Poly-Glycine repeat. C2H2-type zinc finger domains of MAZ-1 are represented in dark blue-green vertical lines. |
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Description | The human MAZ protein contains three Poly alanine, one poly-proline and one poly-glycine domains (Song et al., 1998). Poly-alanine repeats considered to have role in cellular localization of the protein; the alteration in the intracellular distribution may contribute to diseases, including muscular dystrophy (OPMD) (Oma et al., 2004). Similarly, poly-glycine repeats are responsible in protein targeting (Uthayakumar et al., 2012). Poly-proline tracks, on the other hand, generates structures that are predicted to have important roles in protein-protein interactions (Williamson, 1994). The human MAZ-1 contains six C2H2-type zinc finger domains (Song et al., 1998), which are frequently occurring in proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. |
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| Expression and synthesis of MAZ in various cancerous tissues. Retrieved from: http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000103495-MAZ/cancer on November 2, 2017. |
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Expression | MAZ is expressed in the human heart, brain, lungs, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and prostate (Jiao et al., 2013; Dudas et al., 2008). The synthesis of MAZ protein is observed to occur at high levels in breast, thyroid and urothelial cancers as well as in melanoma (Ugai et al., 2001) |
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| Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line MCF7. Retrieved from: http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000103495-MAZ/cell on November 2, 2017. Immunofluorescent staining of MCF7 cells derived from breast adenocarcinoma shows that MAZ localizes to the nucleus. |
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Localisation | MAZ is located in the nucleus (Jordan-Sciutto et al, 2000). |
Function | MAZ as a transcription factor interacts with a permutation of the GGGAGGG sequence motif present in GC-rich promoter regions of target genes by unfolding of G-quadruplex structures of DNA (Cogoi et al., 2014) to activate or repress transcription. MAZ is also suggested to participate in transcription termination and polyadenylation. Several oncogenes, including MYC, HRAS, PPARG, TSG101, VEGFA, CAV1, PTHR1, NOS3, MYB, and hTER, are transcriptionally regulated by MAZ (Jun Song et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2016; Ray et al., 2002). Deregulated expression of MAZ appears to participate in the development and/or progress various tissue malignancies including the breast, thyroid, hepatocellular and urothelial cancers (Jiao et al., 2013; Dudas et al., 2008; Yu et al., 2017; Ray, 2011; Zhu et al., 2016) |
Homology | The human MAZ protein is conserved 100% in chimpanzee (P.troglodytes), 98.4% in mouse (M.musculus), and 98.4% in rat (R.norvegicus); with conserved DNA of 99.8%, 93.2%, and 92.7%, respectively (Retrieved from: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi. November 2, 2017). |
The MAZ Protein is an Autoantigen of Hodgkin's Disease and Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Dysfunction |
Bataller L, Wade DF, Graus F, Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J. |
Ann Neurol. 2003 Jan;53(1):123-7. |
PMID 12509857 |
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MAZ, a zinc finger protein, binds to c-MYC and C2 gene sequences regulating transcriptional initiation and termination |
Bossone, S. A., Asselin, C., Patel, A. J., & Marcu, K. B. |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7452-6. |
PMID 1502157 |
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HRAS is silenced by two neighboring G-quadruplexes and activated by MAZ, a zinc-finger transcription factor with DNA unfolding property. |
Cogoi, S., Shchekotikhin, A. E., & Xodo, L. E. |
Nucleic Acids Research, 42(13), 8379-8388. |
PMID 25013182 |
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MiR-449a suppresses the epithelial- mesenchymal transition and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by multiple targets. |
Chen, S., Liu, B., Xu, J., Pei, X., Liao, Y., Yuan, F., & Zheng, F. |
BMC Cancer 2015; 1-13. |
PMID 26471185 |
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Altered regulation of Prox1-gene-expression in liver tumors |
Dudas, J., Mansuroglu, T., Moriconi, F., Haller, F., Wilting, J., Lorf, T., Füzesi L & Ramadori, G. |
BMC Cancer 2008 ; 8: 92 |
PMID 18400094 |
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MAZ-dependent termination between closely spaced human complement genes |
Ashfield, R., Patel, A. J., Bossone, S. A., Brown, H., Campbell, R. D., Marcu, K. B., & Proudfoot, N. J. |
EMBO J. 1994 Dec 1;13(23):5656-67. |
PMID 7988563 |
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The prostate cancer-up-regulated myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ) modulates proliferation and metastasis through reciprocal regulation of androgen receptor. |
Jiao, L., Li, Y., Shen, D., Xu, C., Wang, L., Huang, G., Chen L, Yang Y, Yang C, Yu Y & Sun, Y. |
Medical Oncology 2013; 30(2) |
PMID 23609189 |
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Fetal Alz-50 clone 1 (FAC1) protein interacts with the myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity. |
Jordan-Sciutto, K. L., Dragich, J. M., Caltagarone, J., Hall, D. J., & Bowser, R. |
Biochemistry 2000 ; 39(12): 3206-3215 |
PMID 10727212 |
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A prospero-related homeodomain protein is a novel co-regulator of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 ? that regulates the cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase gene |
Kwang-Hoon Song, Tiangang Li & Chiang J. Y. L. |
NIH Public Access 2007; 281(15) : 10081-10088. |
PMID 16488887 |
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Akt phosphorylates myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ), releases P-MAZ from the p53 promoter, and activates p53 transcription. |
Lee, W. P., Lan, K. H., Li, C. P., Chao, Y., Lin, H. C., & Lee, S. D. |
Cancer Letters, 2016; 375(1): 9-19 |
PMID 26902421 |
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Control of VEGF Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Cells by Suppression of SAF-1 Transcription Factor Activity |
Ray, A., Dhar, S., & Ray, B. K. |
Mol Cancer Res. 2011 Aug;9(8):1030-41. |
PMID 21665940 |
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Activation of Sp1 and Its Functional Co-operation with Serum Amyloid A-activating Sequence Binding Factor in Synoviocyte Cells Trigger Synergistic Action of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in Serum Amyloid A Gene Expression |
Ray, A., Schatten, H., & Ray, B. K. |
J Biol Chem.1999; 274(7): 4300-4308. |
PMID 9933631 |
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SAF-2, a splice variant of SAF-1, acts as a negative regulator of transcription. |
Ray, B. K., Murphy, R., Ray, P., & Ray, A. |
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(48), 46822-46830. |
PMID 12270922 |
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Myc-associated zinc finger protein ( MAZ ) is regulated by miR-125b and mediates VEGF- induced angiogenesis in glioblastoma |
Smits M, Wurdinger T, van het Hof B, Drexhage JA, Geerts D, Wesseling P, Noske DP, Vandertop WP, de Vries HE, & Reijerkerk A. |
FASEB J 2012; 26(6): 2639-47 |
PMID 22415301 |
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Independent Repression of a GC-rich Housekeeping Gene by Sp1 and MAZ Involves the Same cis -Elements |
Song J., Ugai H., Kanazawa I, Sun, K. & Yokoyama, K. K. |
J Biol Chem 2001; 276(23): 19897-19904. |
PMID 11259406 |
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Two Consecutive Zinc Fingers in Sp1 and in MAZ Are Essential for Interactions with cis-Elements. |
Song, J., Ugai, H., Ogawa, K., Wang, Y., Sarai, A., Obata, Y., Kanazawa I, Sun K, Itakura, K & Yokoyama, K. K. |
Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001; 276(32): 30429-30434. |
PMID 11395515 |
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Interaction of Myc-Associated Zinc Finger Protein with DCC , the Product of a Tumor-Suppressor Gene , during the Neural Differentiation of P19 |
Ugai, H., Li, H., Komatsu, M., Tsutsui, H., Song, J., & Shiga, T. |
EC Cells 2001; 1097: 1087-1097 |
PMID 11527412 |
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Myc-associated zinc finger protein ( MAZ ) is regulated by miR-125b and mediates VEGF- induced angiogenesis in glioblastoma Myc-associated zinc finger protein ( MAZ ) is regulated by miR-125b and mediates VEGF-induced angiogenesis in glioblastoma. |
Vandertop, W. P., Smits, M., Wurdinger, T., Hof, B. Van, Drexhage, J. A. R., Geerts, D., Reijerkerk, A |
The FASEB Journal 2012; 2639-2647. |
PMID 22415301 |
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Overexpression and clinical significance of MYC- associated zinc finger protein in pancreatic carcinoma. |
X, A. Z., Luo, W., Liang, W., Tang, F., Bei, C., Ren, Y., Tan, C. |
Onco Targets Ther. 2016 Dec 12;9:7493-7501. |
PMID 28008270 |
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MiR-449a exerts tumor-suppressive functions in human glioblastoma by targeting Myc-associated zinc-finger protein. |
Yao, Y., Ma, J., Xue, Y., Wang, P., Li, Z., Li, Z., Hu Y, Shang X, & Liu, Y. |
Molecular Oncology 2015; 9(3): 640-656. |
PMID 25487955 |
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Specific Transcriptional Pausing Activates Polyadenylation in a Coupled In Vitro System. |
Yonaha, M., Proudfoot, N. J., & William, S. |
Mol Cell. 1999 May;3(5):593-600. |
PMID 10360175 |
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Dual function of MAZ mediated by FOXF2 in basal-like breast cancer?: Promotion of proliferation and suppression of progression. |
Yu, Z., Lun, S., He, R., Tian, H., Huang, H., Wang, Q., Li XQ, & Feng, Y. |
Cancer Letters 2017; 402: 142-152. |
PMID 28577976 |
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miR-34c Regulates the Permeability of Blood - Tumor Barrier via MAZ-Mediated Expression Changes of ZO-1 , Occludin , and Claudin-5 |
Zhao, L., Wang, P., Liu, Y., Ma, J. U. N., & Xue, Y. |
J Cell Physiol 2014;716-731. |
PMID 25201524 |
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