MIXL1 (Mix1 homeobox-like 1 (Xenopus laevis))

Alias (NCBI)	MGC138179
	MILD1
	MIX
	MIXL
HGNC (Hugo)	MIXL1
HGNC Alias symb	MILD1
	MIXL
HGNC Previous name	Mix1 homeobox (Xenopus laevis)-like 1
	Mix1 homeobox-like 1 (Xenopus laevis)
LocusID (NCBI)	83881
Atlas_Id	47624
Location	1q42.12  [Link to chromosome band 1q42]
Location_base_pair	Starts at 226223664 and ends at 226227060 bp from pter ( according to GRCh38/hg38-Dec_2013)  [Mapping MIXL1.png]
Local_order	MIXL1 is flanked on its 3' end by Lin9. This proximity is evolutionarily conserved.
	MIXL1 genomic context on 1q42.12.

	Genomic organisation of MIXL1.
Description	MIXL1 is 2131 bps long and consists of two exons of length 393 bp and 306 bp, and one intron (Guo et al., 2002; Sahr et al., 2002).
Transcription	MIXL1 is transcribed to a full-length 699 bp mRNA. There are no known splice variants.
Pseudogene	There are no known pseudogenes for MIXL1.

	Representation and comparison of Human MIXL1, Mouse Mixl1, Chicken Mixl1, and Xenopus Mix.1 protein domains. The Mix family of proteins all contain evolutionarily conserved homeodomain and C-terminal acidic domains. Human, mouse and chicken also share a conserved N-terminal proline rich domain. While these three domains are highly conserved, the remainder of protein varies significantly between species.
Description	MIXL1 is a paired type homeobox protein which has 232 amino acids, and a molecular weight of 27 kDa. The protein contains three identified domains: a proline-rich domain, a paired-type homeobox, and a c-terminal acidic domain. While MIXL1 does have an expected weight of 27 kDa, it will migrate on a Western Blot at 36 kDa (Guo et al., 2002). MIXL1 is phosphorylated in the amino-terminal region at Tyr20 (Guo et al., 2006).
Expression	MIXL1 expression is restricted to embryonic mesendoderm precursors and adult hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors.
Localisation	MIXL1 expression is predominantly nuclear.
Function	MIXL1 is paired-type homeobox transcription factor, and as such preferentially binds to the DNA sequence TAAT. MIXL1 homologs preferentially bind as dimers to 11 bp palindromic sequences consisting of two TAAT segments and a three nucleotide spacer (Wilson et al., 1993). MIXL1 expression is required for both mesendoderm development and hematopoiesis. The MIXL1 homologs are necessary intermediate factors to the BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4)-mediated mesendoderm formation, as dominant negative mutants block this pathway (Mead et al., 1996). Development into mesoderm and endoderm cell layers is dependant on the expression collaborating factors. MIXL1 expression is required for the early stages of hematopoiesis and is normally expressed in all early hematopoietic precursor types (Guo et al., 2002).
Homology	MIXL1 is a member of the Mix/Bix family of transcription factors, of which it is the only member identified in humans. It is also a member of the larger grouping of paired type homeoboxes, a family of genes which share sequence similarity in the homeobox domain with paired box family (PAX). MIXL1 shares 41% sequence similarity to its chicken homolog, and 69% to its mouse homolog. Its homeodomain is highly conserved across species, sharing identity of 66% to that of Xenopus Mix.1, 79% to that of chicken Mixl1, and 94% to that of mouse Mixl1.

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