RARRES1 (retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1)

	Two transcript variants (isoform 1: NM_206963.1 and isoform 2: NM_002888.2) are shown. Black boxes represent the exons of RARRES1. CpG: location of CpG island.
Description	The RARRES1 gene contains 6 exons and spans 35377 bases.
Transcription	Two alternatively spliced transcripts were identified (isoform 1 and isoform 2). Exons 1 to 4 are common to both isoforms. Exon 5 and 6 are present in isoform 1 (NM_206963.1) only. The cDNA of isoform 1 is 1545 bp while isoform 2 is 886 bp.
Pseudogene	No known pseudogenes

	The gray box indicates the single membrane-spanning hydrophobic region. Lataxin domain for 2 RARRES1 isoforms is shown as black box.
Description	Called Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 (synonyms: Tazarotene-induced gene 1 protein/RAR-responsive protein TIG1); Two isoform, isoform 1 (NP_996846) and isoform 2 (NP_002879), produced by alternative splicing were reported. Isoforms 1 and 2 contain 294 and 228 amino acids respectively. Molecular weight of Isoform 1 is 33258 Da. The two isoforms show difference in the 3'end-region. RARRES1 is predicted to be a transmembrane protein with a small N-terminal intracellular regions, a single membrane-spanning hydrophobic region, and a large C-terminal extracellular region containing a glycosylation signal.
Expression	High level of RARRES1 transcripts was detected in multiple tissues including prostate, heart, lung, liver, colon and small intestine. Expression of RARRES1 protein was demonstrated in colorectal tissues.
Localisation	Based on the predicted amino acid sequence, RARRES1 is suspected to be a transmembrane protein. However, immunohistochemical analysis showed that RARRES1 protein localizes at the supranuclear regions of colorectal adenocarcinoma, adenoma and adjacent normal epithelial cells. The precise localization of RARRES1 protein needed to be further investigated.
Function	RARRES1 was suggested to be a tumor suppressor of a variety of human cancers. Inactivation of RARRES1 is involved in the malignant progression of prostate cancer. Restoration of RARRES1 expression in malignant prostate cell lines led to a decrease of invasiveness and tumorigenicity in nude mice. It is speculated that RARRES1 may function as a cell adhesion molecule. Since the protein shows sequence similarity to Latexin, the only known mammalian carboxypeptidase inhibitor, RARRES1 may also have protease inhibitor activity and inhibit the degradation of extracellular matrix.
Homology	RARRES1 belongs to the proteinase inhibitor I47 (latexin) family, its c-terminal region shows 30% sequence similarity with Latexin.

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