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RET (REarranged during Transfection)

Written2003-10Patricia Niccoli-Sire
Service d'Endocrinologie, Diaböte et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital de la Timone, 254, rue St Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France

(Note : for Links provided by Atlas : click)

Identity

Alias_namesHSCR1
MEN2A
MTC1
MEN2B
multiple endocrine neoplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma 1
Hirschsprung disease 1
Alias_symbol (synonym)PTC
CDHF12
RET51
CDHR16
Other alias
HGNC (Hugo) RET
LocusID (NCBI) 5979
Atlas_Id 76
Location 10q11.21  [Link to chromosome band 10q11]
Location_base_pair Starts at 43077069 and ends at 43127504 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009)  [Mapping RET.png]
Fusion genes
(updated 2016)		ACBD5 (10p12.1) / RET (10q11.21)AFAP1 (4p16.1) / RET (10q11.21)AKAP13 (15q25.3) / RET (10q11.21)
BCR (22q11.23) / RET (10q11.21)CCDC6 (10q21.2) / RET (10q11.21)CUX1 (7q22.1) / RET (10q11.21)
ERC1 (12p13.33) / RET (10q11.21)FGFR1OP (6q27) / RET (10q11.21)FKBP15 (9q32) / RET (10q11.21)
GOLGA5 (14q32.12) / RET (10q11.21)HOOK3 (8p11.21) / RET (10q11.21)HRH4 (18q11.2) / RET (10q11.21)
KIAA1468 (18q21.33) / RET (10q11.21)KIF5B (10p11.22) / RET (10q11.21)KTN1 (14q22.3) / RET (10q11.21)
MBD1 (18q21.1) / RET (10q11.21)MYH13 (17p13.1) / RET (10q11.21)NCOA4 (10q11.23) / RET (10q11.21)
PARG (10q11.23) / RET (10q11.21)PCM1 (8p22) / RET (10q11.21)PRKAR1A (17q24.2) / RET (10q11.21)
RET (10q11.21) / ANK3 (10q21.2)RET (10q11.21) / CCDC6 (10q21.2)RET (10q11.21) / ERC1 (12p13.33)
RET (10q11.21) / GOLGA5 (14q32.12)RET (10q11.21) / HOOK3 (8p11.21)RET (10q11.21) / HRH4 (18q11.2)
RET (10q11.21) / KIF5B (10p11.22)RET (10q11.21) / KTN1 (14q22.3)RET (10q11.21) / MBD1 (18q21.1)
RET (10q11.21) / NCOA4 (10q11.23)RET (10q11.21) / NTRK1 (1q23.1)RET (10q11.21) / PCM1 (8p22)
RET (10q11.21) / PRKAR1A (17q24.2)RET (10q11.21) / PTCH2 (1p34.1)RET (10q11.21) / RET (10q11.21)
RET (10q11.21) / TAS2R38 (7q34)RET (10q11.21) / TRIM24 (7q33)RET (10q11.21) / TRIM27 (6p22.1)
RET (10q11.21) / TRIM33 (1p13.2)SPECC1L (22q11.23) / RET (10q11.21)TBL1XR1 (3q26.32) / RET (10q11.21)
TRIM24 (7q33) / RET (10q11.21)TRIM27 (6p22.1) / RET (10q11.21)TRIM33 (1p13.2) / RET (10q11.21)
Note proto-oncogene See also the Deep insight on RET point mutations in Thyroid Carcinoma.

DNA/RNA

Description 21 exons, 3415 pb
Transcription 3 mains alternative spliced mRNA in the 3' region

Protein

Description Several isoforms; 3 main isoforms detected in human :
  • long isoform (RET51): 1114 amino acids ;
  • middle isoform (RET 43): 1106 amino acids ;
  • short isoform (RET 9) : 1072 amino acids.
    • Expression RET is mainly expressed in tumors of neural crest origin : medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma.
    In human embryos, RET is expressed in a cranial population of neural crest cells, and in the developing nervous and urogenital systems.
    RET expression is found in several crest-derived cell lines, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, salivary glands, spermatogonia, and recently in normal thyroid tissue, thyroid adenoma and both papillary and follicular thyroid cell neoplasias.
    Function RET is a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligands are neurotrophic factors of the glial-cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, including GDNF, neurturin, artemin and persefin. RET activation is mediated via different glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked GRF_ receptors.
    Homology General structure is similar to other tyrosine kinase receptors but RET differs by the presence of a cadherin domain in its extracellular region.

    Mutations

    Germinal Germline RET mutations causes autosomal dominant inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma only (FMTC). All these mutations are missense activating mutations. There are widely dispersed in 7/21 exons of RET with phenotype-genotype relationships : mutations in exon 11 is strongly associated with MEN2A phenotype, mutations in exon 16 or exons 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, with NEM2B and FMTC (rarely NEM2A) phenotypes respectively.
    Germline RET mutations are associated to the autosomal inherited Hirschprung's disease or colonic aganglionosis (HSCR) which represents 15-20% of HSCR cases. RET mutations are loss-of-function mutations dispersed throughout the RET coding sequence and include deletions, insertions, frameshift missense and nonsense mutations.
    Somatic Somatic RET mutations have been identified in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytoma, mostly located in exon 16 at codon 918 (30-70% of sporadic MTC). Somatic mutations in exons 15, codon 883 and in exon 13, codon 768 have been also detected in rare cases of sporadic MTC.
    Somatic rearranged forms of RET (RET/PTC) are detected in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) : several activating genes rearrange with RET to form RET/PTC by juxtaposing the genomic region coding for the tyrosine kinase domain with the 5'-terminal regions of several unrelated genes : H4: PTC1; RIa: PTC2 ; ELE1: PTC3/4 ; RFG5: PTCT5 ; hTIF1: PTC6 ; RFG7: PTC7, and ELKS.
    RET rearrangement as RET/PTC1 is mostly detected in typical sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma, RET/PTC3 occured at high frequency in chilhood papillary thyroid carcinoma from areas contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident.

    Implicated in

    Note
      
    Entity Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), Hirschprung's disease (HSCR). Somatic rearranged forms of RET (RET/PTC) are detected in human papillary thyroid carcinoma.
    Disease
  • MEN 2A (60% of MEN2) associates medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) (100% of the cases) with pheochromocytoma in 50% of cases and with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in 5 to 20% of cases.
  • MEN 2B (5% of MEN2) is characterized by the association of MTC (100% of the cases) with pheochromocytoma (about 50% of the cases) as well as a phenotype including skeletal abnormalities suggestive of Marfan syndrome and the presence of multiple mucosal neuroma ; no pHPT is found in MEN 2B. DISEASE
  • Familial MTC only (FMTC) represents 35% of MEN 2 and is characterized by the absence of other associations throughout the entire follow up.
  • Hirschprung's disease or aganglionosis (HSCR) is a frequent congenital intestinal malformation (1/5000 live births) characterized by the absence of neural crest-derived parasympathetic neurons of the hindgut.
  • Typical sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma and chilhood papillary thyroid carcinoma linked to radiation exposure are associated with somatic RET/PTC rearrangements.
    • Prognosis The prognosis of MEN2 and FMTC is related to MTC: its depends mainly on the histopathological stage of the MTC disease.
      

    Breakpoints

     

    Bibliography

    RET receptor expression in thyroid follicular epithelial cell-derived tumors.
    Bunone G, Uggeri M, Mondellini P, Pierotti MA, Bongarzone I
    Cancer research. 2000 ; 60 (11) : 2845-2849.
    PMID 10850426
     
    Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease.
    Edery P, Lyonnet S, Mulligan LM, Pelet A, Dow E, Abel L, Holder S, Nihoul-Fékété C, Ponder BA, Munnich A
    Nature. 1994 ; 367 (6461) : 378-380.
    PMID 8114939
     
    A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.
    Hofstra RM, Landsvater RM, Ceccherini I, Stulp RP, Stelwagen T, Luo Y, Pasini B, Höppener JW, van Amstel HK, Romeo G
    Nature. 1994 ; 367 (6461) : 375-376.
    PMID 7906866
     
    Human ret proto-oncogene mapped to chromosome 10q11.2.
    Ishizaka Y, Itoh F, Tahira T, Ikeda I, Sugimura T, Tucker J, Fertitta A, Carrano AV, Nagao M
    Oncogene. 1989 ; 4 (12) : 1519-1521.
    PMID 2687772
     
    The RET proto-oncogene in human cancers.
    Jhiang SM
    Oncogene. 2000 ; 19 (49) : 5590-5597.
    PMID 11114739
     
    The RET receptor: function in development and dysfunction in congenital malformation.
    Manié S, Santoro M, Fusco A, Billaud M
    Trends in genetics : TIG. 2001 ; 17 (10) : 580-589.
    PMID 11585664
     
    Somatic mutations in the RET proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.
    Marsh DJ, Learoyd DL, Andrew SD, Krishnan L, Pojer R, Richardson AL, Delbridge L, Eng C, Robinson BG
    Clinical endocrinology. 1996 ; 44 (3) : 249-257.
    PMID 8729519
     
    Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.
    Mulligan LM, Kwok JB, Healey CS, Elsdon MJ, Eng C, Gardner E, Love DR, Mole SE, Moore JK, Papi L
    Nature. 1993 ; 363 (6428) : 458-460.
    PMID 8099202
     
    The GDNF/RET signaling pathway and human diseases.
    Takahashi M
    Cytokine & growth factor reviews. 2001 ; 12 (4) : 361-373.
    PMID 11544105
     
    Cloning and expression of the ret proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase with two potential transmembrane domains.
    Takahashi M, Buma Y, Iwamoto T, Inaguma Y, Ikeda H, Hiai H
    Oncogene. 1988 ; 3 (5) : 571-578.
    PMID 3078962
     

    Citation

    This paper should be referenced as such :
    Niccoli-Sire, P
    RET (Rearranged during transfection)
    Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2004;8(1):7-9.
    Free journal version : [ pdf ]   [ DOI ]
    On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/RETID76.html

    Other Solid tumors implicated (Data extracted from papers in the Atlas) [ 9 ]
      Head and Neck: Paraganglioma: an overview
    Ovary: Germ cell tumours with inv(10)(q11q11) RET/NCOA
    Thyroid: Medullary carcinoma
    Thyroid: Papillary Carcinoma with inv(7)(q21q34) AKAP9/BRAF
    Thyroid: Papillary carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma
    Neuro-Endocrine/Endocrine System: Phaeochromocytoma
    Thyroid: Papillary carcinoma with inv(10)(p12.1q11.2) ACBD5/RET
    Lung: Translocations in Adenocarcinoma
    Lung: Translocations in Squamous Cell Carcinoma

    Other Cancer prone implicated (Data extracted from papers in the Atlas) [ 1 ]
      Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)

    External links

    Nomenclature
    HGNC (Hugo)RET   9967
    LRG (Locus Reference Genomic)LRG_518
    Cards
    AtlasRETID76
    Entrez_Gene (NCBI)RET  5979  ret proto-oncogene
    AliasesCDHF12; CDHR16; HSCR1; MEN2A; 
    MEN2B; MTC1; PTC; RET-ELE1; RET51
    GeneCards (Weizmann)RET
    Ensembl hg19 (Hinxton)ENSG00000165731 [Gene_View]
    Ensembl hg38 (Hinxton)ENSG00000165731 [Gene_View]  chr10:43077069-43127504 [Contig_View]  RET [Vega]
    ICGC DataPortalENSG00000165731
    TCGA cBioPortalRET
    AceView (NCBI)RET
    Genatlas (Paris)RET
    WikiGenes5979
    SOURCE (Princeton)RET
    Genetics Home Reference (NIH)RET
    Genomic and cartography
    GoldenPath hg38 (UCSC)RET  -     chr10:43077069-43127504 +  10q11.21   [Description]    (hg38-Dec_2013)
    GoldenPath hg19 (UCSC)RET  -     10q11.21   [Description]    (hg19-Feb_2009)
    EnsemblRET - 10q11.21 [CytoView hg19]  RET - 10q11.21 [CytoView hg38]
    Mapping of homologs : NCBIRET [Mapview hg19]  RET [Mapview hg38]
    OMIM142623   155240   162300   164761   171300   171400   191830   209880   
    Gene and transcription
    Genbank (Entrez)AI472270 AJ844649 AK291807 AK294827 AW297789
    RefSeq transcript (Entrez)NM_000323 NM_020629 NM_020630 NM_020975
    RefSeq genomic (Entrez)
    Consensus coding sequences : CCDS (NCBI)RET
    Cluster EST : UnigeneHs.350321 [ NCBI ]
    CGAP (NCI)Hs.350321
    Alternative Splicing GalleryENSG00000165731
    Gene ExpressionRET [ NCBI-GEO ]   RET [ EBI - ARRAY_EXPRESS ]   RET [ SEEK ]   RET [ MEM ]
    Gene Expression Viewer (FireBrowse)RET [ Firebrowse - Broad ]
    SOURCE (Princeton)Expression in : [Datasets]   [Normal Tissue Atlas]  [carcinoma Classsification]  [NCI60]
    GenevisibleExpression in : [tissues]  [cell-lines]  [cancer]  [perturbations]  
    BioGPS (Tissue expression)5979
    GTEX Portal (Tissue expression)RET
    Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
    UniProt/SwissProtP07949   [function]  [subcellular_location]  [family_and_domains]  [pathology_and_biotech]  [ptm_processing]  [expression]  [interaction]
    NextProtP07949  [Sequence]  [Exons]  [Medical]  [Publications]
    With graphics : InterProP07949
    Splice isoforms : SwissVarP07949
    Catalytic activity : Enzyme2.7.10.1 [ Enzyme-Expasy ]   2.7.10.12.7.10.1 [ IntEnz-EBI ]   2.7.10.1 [ BRENDA ]   2.7.10.1 [ KEGG ]   
    PhosPhoSitePlusP07949
    Domaine pattern : Prosite (Expaxy)CADHERIN_2 (PS50268)    PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP (PS00107)    PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM (PS50011)    PROTEIN_KINASE_TYR (PS00109)   
    Domains : Interpro (EBI)Cadherin    Cadherin-like    Kinase-like_dom    Prot_kinase_dom    Protein_kinase_ATP_BS    Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom    Tyr_kinase_AS    Tyr_kinase_cat_dom    Tyr_kinase_Ret_rcpt   
    Domain families : Pfam (Sanger)Cadherin (PF00028)    Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714)   
    Domain families : Pfam (NCBI)pfam00028    pfam07714   
    Domain families : Smart (EMBL)TyrKc (SM00219)  
    Conserved Domain (NCBI)RET
    DMDM Disease mutations5979
    Blocks (Seattle)RET
    PDB (SRS)1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    PDB (PDBSum)1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    PDB (IMB)1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    PDB (RSDB)1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    Structural Biology KnowledgeBase1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins)1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    CATH (Classification of proteins structures)1XPD    2IVS    2IVT    2IVU    2IVV    2X2K    2X2L    2X2M    2X2U    4CKI    4CKJ    4UX8    5AMN    5FM2    5FM3   
    SuperfamilyP07949
    Human Protein AtlasENSG00000165731
    Peptide AtlasP07949
    HPRD01266
    IPIIPI00013983   IPI00479572   IPI00816406   IPI00816502   IPI00946110   
    Protein Interaction databases
    DIP (DOE-UCLA)P07949
    IntAct (EBI)P07949
    FunCoupENSG00000165731
    BioGRIDRET
    STRING (EMBL)RET
    ZODIACRET
    Ontologies - Pathways
    QuickGOP07949
    Ontology : AmiGOMAPK cascade  ureteric bud development  neural crest cell migration  embryonic epithelial tube formation  protein tyrosine kinase activity  transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity  receptor activity  Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity  calcium ion binding  protein binding  ATP binding  early endosome  cytosol  plasma membrane  plasma membrane  integral component of plasma membrane  protein phosphorylation  homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules  neuron cell-cell adhesion  signal transduction  transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway  axon guidance  posterior midgut development  endosome membrane  positive regulation of neuron projection development  positive regulation of neuron maturation  peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation  regulation of cell adhesion  positive regulation of cell migration  axon  dendrite  membrane protein proteolysis  positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin  ureter maturation  response to drug  neuron maturation  neuronal cell body  intracellular membrane-bounded organelle  receptor complex  positive regulation of GTPase activity  membrane raft  positive regulation of cell size  positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated  response to pain  enteric nervous system development  regulation of axonogenesis  retina development in camera-type eye  innervation  Peyer's patch morphogenesis  cellular response to retinoic acid  positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development  lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs  plasma membrane protein complex  positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand  
    Ontology : EGO-EBIMAPK cascade  ureteric bud development  neural crest cell migration  embryonic epithelial tube formation  protein tyrosine kinase activity  transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity  receptor activity  Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity  calcium ion binding  protein binding  ATP binding  early endosome  cytosol  plasma membrane  plasma membrane  integral component of plasma membrane  protein phosphorylation  homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules  neuron cell-cell adhesion  signal transduction  transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway  axon guidance  posterior midgut development  endosome membrane  positive regulation of neuron projection development  positive regulation of neuron maturation  peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation  regulation of cell adhesion  positive regulation of cell migration  axon  dendrite  membrane protein proteolysis  positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin  ureter maturation  response to drug  neuron maturation  neuronal cell body  intracellular membrane-bounded organelle  receptor complex  positive regulation of GTPase activity  membrane raft  positive regulation of cell size  positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated  response to pain  enteric nervous system development  regulation of axonogenesis  retina development in camera-type eye  innervation  Peyer's patch morphogenesis  cellular response to retinoic acid  positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development  lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs  plasma membrane protein complex  positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand  
    Pathways : KEGGEndocytosis    Pathways in cancer    Thyroid cancer   
    REACTOMEP07949 [protein]
    REACTOME PathwaysR-HSA-8853659 [pathway]   
    NDEx NetworkRET
    Atlas of Cancer Signalling NetworkRET
    Wikipedia pathwaysRET
    Orthology - Evolution
    OrthoDB5979
    GeneTree (enSembl)ENSG00000165731
    Phylogenetic Trees/Animal Genes : TreeFamRET
    HOVERGENP07949
    HOGENOMP07949
    Homologs : HomoloGeneRET
    Homology/Alignments : Family Browser (UCSC)RET
    Gene fusions - Rearrangements
    Fusion : MitelmanAKAP13/RET [15q25.3/10q11.21]  [t(10;15)(q11;q25)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanBCR/RET [22q11.23/10q11.21]  [t(10;22)(q11;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanCCDC6/RET [10q21.2/10q11.21]  [inv(10)(p11q11)]  [inv(10)(q11q11)]  
    [inv(10)(q11q21)]  [t(10;17)(q11;q24)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanERC1/RET [12p13.33/10q11.21]  [t(10;12)(q11;p13)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanFGFR1OP/RET [6q27/10q11.21]  [t(6;10)(q27;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanFKBP15/RET [9q32/10q11.21]  [t(9;10)(q32;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanGOLGA5/RET [14q32.12/10q11.21]  [t(10;14)(q11;q32)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanHOOK3/RET [8p11.21/10q11.21]  [t(8;10)(p11;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanKIF5B/RET [10p11.22/10q11.21]  [inv(10)(p11q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanKTN1/RET [14q22.3/10q11.21]  [t(10;14)(q11;q22)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanNCOA4/RET [10q11.23/10q11.21]  [inv(10)(p11q11)]  [inv(10)(q11q11)]  
    [inv(10)(q11q21)]  [t(10;17)(q11;q24)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanPCM1/RET [8p22/10q11.21]  [t(8;10)(p22;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanPRKAR1A/RET [17q24.2/10q11.21]  [inv(10)(q11q11)]  [inv(10)(q11q21)]  
    [t(10;17)(q11;q24)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanRET/ANK3 [10q11.21/10q21.2]  [t(10;10)(q11;q21)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanRET/CCDC6 [10q11.21/10q21.2]  [t(10;10)(q11;q21)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanRET/NCOA4 [10q11.21/10q11.23]  [t(10;10)(q11;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanSPECC1L/RET [22q11.23/10q11.21]  [t(10;22)(q11;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanTBL1XR1/RET [3q26.32/10q11.21]  [t(3;10)(q26;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanTRIM24/RET [7q33/10q11.21]  [t(7;10)(q34;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanTRIM27/RET [6p22.1/10q11.21]  [t(6;10)(p22;q11)]  
    Fusion : MitelmanTRIM33/RET [1p13.2/10q11.21]  [t(1;10)(p13;q11)]  
    Fusion : COSMICCCDC6 [10q21.2]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1271]  [fusion_1272]  [fusion_1480]  [fusion_1515]  [fusion_1516]  [fusion_1518]  [fusion_1532]  
    [fusion_1533]  
    Fusion : COSMICERC1 [12p13.33]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1507]  [fusion_1508]  
    Fusion : COSMICGOLGA5 [14q32.12]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1503]  [fusion_1504]  
    Fusion : COSMICHOOK3 [8p11.21]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1509]  [fusion_1510]  
    Fusion : COSMICKIF5B [10p11.22]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1230]  [fusion_1231]  [fusion_1232]  [fusion_1233]  [fusion_1234]  [fusion_1235]  [fusion_1236]  
    [fusion_1237]  [fusion_1238]  [fusion_1239]  [fusion_1240]  [fusion_1241]  [fusion_1242]  [fusion_1252]  [fusion_1253]  [fusion_1254]  [fusion_1255]  
    [fusion_1256]  [fusion_1262]  [fusion_1263]  [fusion_1610]  
    Fusion : COSMICKTN1 [14q22.3]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1513]  [fusion_1514]  
    Fusion : COSMICNCOA4 [10q11.22]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1340]  [fusion_1341]  [fusion_1491]  [fusion_1492]  [fusion_1493]  [fusion_1498]  [fusion_1499]  
    [fusion_1500]  [fusion_1501]  [fusion_1531]  
    Fusion : COSMICPCM1 [8p22]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1481]  [fusion_1482]  
    Fusion : COSMICPRKAR1A [17q24.2]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1511]  [fusion_1512]  
    Fusion : COSMICRET [10q11.21]  -  GOLGA5 [14q32.12]  [fusion_1505]  [fusion_1506]  
    Fusion : COSMICRET [10q11.21]  -  NCOA4 [10q11.22]  [fusion_1494]  [fusion_1495]  [fusion_1496]  [fusion_1497]  [fusion_1502]  
    Fusion : COSMICRET [10q11.21]  -  TRIM33 [1p13.2]  [fusion_1527]  [fusion_1528]  
    Fusion : COSMICTRIM24 [7q33]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1521]  [fusion_1522]  
    Fusion : COSMICTRIM27 [6p22.1]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1519]  [fusion_1520]  
    Fusion : COSMICTRIM33 [1p13.2]  -  RET [10q11.21]  [fusion_1525]  [fusion_1526]  
    Fusion: TCGAAKAP13 15q25.3 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGACCDC6 10q21.2 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGAERC1 12p13.33 RET 10q11.21 BRCA THCA
    Fusion: TCGAFKBP15 9q32 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGANCOA4 10q11.23 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGARET 10q11.21 ANK3 10q21.2 THCA
    Fusion: TCGARET 10q11.21 CCDC6 10q21.2 THCA
    Fusion: TCGARET 10q11.21 NCOA4 10q11.23 THCA
    Fusion: TCGASPECC1L 22q11.23 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGATBL1XR1 3q26.32 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGATRIM27 6p22.1 RET 10q11.21 THCA
    Fusion: TCGATRIM33 1p13.2 RET 10q11.21 LUAD
    Fusion : TICdbCCDC6 [10q21.2]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbGOLGA5 [14q32.12]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbHOOK3 [8p11.21]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbKIF5B [10p11.22]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbNCOA4 [10q11.23]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbPCM1 [8p22]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbPRKAR1A [17q24.2]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Fusion : TICdbTRIM27 [6p22.1]  -  RET [10q11.21]
    Polymorphisms : SNP and Copy number variants
    NCBI Variation ViewerRET [hg38]
    dbSNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (NCBI)RET
    dbVarRET
    ClinVarRET
    1000_GenomesRET 
    Exome Variant ServerRET
    ExAC (Exome Aggregation Consortium)RET (select the gene name)
    Genetic variants : HAPMAP5979
    Genomic Variants (DGV)RET [DGVbeta]
    DECIPHERRET [patients]   [syndromes]   [variants]   [genes]  
    CONAN: Copy Number AnalysisRET 
    Mutations
    ICGC Data PortalRET 
    TCGA Data PortalRET 
    Broad Tumor PortalRET
    OASIS PortalRET [ Somatic mutations - Copy number]
    Cancer Gene: CensusRET 
    Somatic Mutations in Cancer : COSMICRET  [overview]  [genome browser]  [tissue]  [distribution]  
    Mutations and Diseases : HGMDRET
    LOVD (Leiden Open Variation Database)Whole genome datasets
    LOVD (Leiden Open Variation Database)LOVD - Leiden Open Variation Database
    LOVD (Leiden Open Variation Database)LOVD 3.0 shared installation
    LOVD (Leiden Open Variation Database)Mendelian genes
    LOVD (Leiden Open Variation Database)Zhejiang University Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine (ZJU-CGGM)
    LOVD (Leiden Open Variation Database)MSeqDR-LSDB Mitochondrial Disease Locus Specific Database
    BioMutasearch RET
    DgiDB (Drug Gene Interaction Database)RET
    DoCM (Curated mutations)RET (select the gene name)
    CIViC (Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer)RET (select a term)
    intoGenRET
    NCG5 (London)RET
    Cancer3DRET(select the gene name)
    Impact of mutations[PolyPhen2] [SIFT Human Coding SNP] [Buck Institute : MutDB] [Mutation Assessor] [Mutanalyser]
    Diseases
    OMIM142623    155240    162300    164761    171300    171400    191830    209880   
    Orphanet647    905    19539    19538    2656    8775    12163    14205    14376   
    MedgenRET
    Genetic Testing Registry RET
    NextProtP07949 [Medical]
    TSGene5979
    GENETestsRET
    Target ValidationRET
    Huge Navigator RET [HugePedia]
    snp3D : Map Gene to Disease5979
    BioCentury BCIQRET
    ClinGenRET (curated)
    Clinical trials, drugs, therapy
    Chemical/Protein Interactions : CTD5979
    Chemical/Pharm GKB GenePA34335
    Clinical trialRET
    Miscellaneous
    canSAR (ICR)RET (select the gene name)
    Probes
    Litterature
    PubMed499 Pubmed reference(s) in Entrez
    GeneRIFsGene References Into Functions (Entrez)
    CoreMineRET
    EVEXRET
    GoPubMedRET
    iHOPRET
    REVIEW articlesautomatic search in PubMed
    Last year publicationsautomatic search in PubMed

    Search in all EBI   NCBI

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