| Note | SNW domain containing protein 1 is also known as nuclear protein SkiP, nuclear receptor coactivator NcoA-62 or Ski interacting protein (SKIP). |
| |
| Description | The genes encoding SNW proteins are present throughout eukaryotic phylla, including lower eukaryotes, plants, fungi and animals. There is only one gene per genome, which encodes for a 60-80 kDa protein that predominantly localizes to the nucleus (Folk at al., 2004). SNW1 is suggested to contain protein interaction domains as well as a carboxyl-terminally located dimerization domain (Folk at al., 2004). |
| Expression | SNW1 is expressed in the brain, endocrine tissues, bone marrow and immune system, muscle, lung, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, urinary bladder, male and female specific tissues, adipose and soft tissues and skin, in which the expression levels are high except kidney (http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000100603-SNW1/tissue, 2017). |
| Localisation | SNW1 localizes in the nucleus (Dahl et al., 1998). |
| Function | SNW1 acts as a co-regulator for transcriptions regulated by vitamin D and RARA / RARB / RARG (retinoic acid receptors) as well as steroid hormone receptors including NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor), ESR1 / ESR2 (estrogen receptors), and AR (androgen receptor) (Folk at al., 2004). SNW1 also plays critical roles in the function of v-Ski avian retroviral oncogene, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) during vertebrate embryogenesis (Wu et al, 2011), telomere function (Lackner et al, 2011) and Notch signaling-mediated transcription (Vasquez-Del Carpio, 2013). SNW1 is reported to counteract transcriptional repression induced by RB1 (retinoblastoma protein) as well (Prathapam et al. 2002). In addition to being a transcriptional co-regulator, SNW1 is an integral component of spliceosome by interacting with the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) subcomplex of the activated spliceosome as a part of the PRPF19/nineteen complex (NTC) (Neubauer et al, 1998; Makarova et al, 2004). SNW1 inactivation is reported to cause a rapid loss of sister chromatid cohesion (Van Der Lelij et al, 2014) mitotic spindle and cytokinesis defects (Kittler et al, 2004; Kittler et al, 2005). It is also suggested that the involvement of SNW1 in the p21-gene specific splicing is critical for cancer cell survival under stress (Chen et al, 2011). |
| Homology | Homologs of SNW1 are found in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, mosquito, C.elegans, S.pombe, M.oryzae, N.crassa, A.thaliana, rice, and frog (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/22938, 2017). |
| SKIP counteracts p53-mediated apoptosis via selective regulation of p21 Cip1 mRNA splicing |
| Chen, Y., Zhang, L., & Jones, K. A |
| Genes and Development 2011; 25(7): 701-16. |
| PMID 21460037 |
| |
| The Ski oncoprotein interacts with Skip, the human homolog of Drosophila Bx42 |
| Dahl, R., Wani, B., & Hayman, M. J. |
| Oncogene 1998; 16(12): 1579-86. |
| PMID 9569025 |
| |
| Trancriptional coregulator SNW/SKIP: the concealed tie of dissimilar pathways |
| Folk P., Puta F., Skruzny M. |
| Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2004; 61(6): 629-40 |
| PMID 15052407 |
| |
| RNA interference rescue by bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis in mammalian tissue culture cells. |
| Kittler R., Pelletier L., Ma C., Poser I., Fischer S., Hyman A.A., Buchholz, F. |
| PNAS 2005; 102(7): 2396-401. |
| PMID 15695330 |
| |
| A siRNA-based screen for genes involved in chromosome end protection. |
| Lackner D.H., Durocher D., Karlseder J. |
| PLoS One 2011; 6(6): e21407. |
| PMID 21760879 |
| |
| High SKIP expression is correlated with poor prognosis and cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Liu, G., Huang, X., Cui,X., Zang, J., Wei, L., Ni, R., Lu, C. |
| Med. Oncol. 2013; 30(3): 537 |
| PMID 23696020 |
| |
| Expression and prognostic role of SKIP in human breast carcinoma |
| Liu, X., Ni, Q., Xu, J., Sheng, C., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Yang S., Wang, H. |
| Journal of Molecular Histology 2014; 45(2): 169-80. |
| PMID 24150787 |
| |
| A subset of human 35S U5 proteins, including Prp19, function prior to catalytic step 1 of splicing |
| Makarova O.V., Makarov E.M., Urlaub H., Will C.L., Gentzel M., Wilm M., Lührmann R. |
| EMBO Journal 2004; 23(12): 2381-91 |
| PMID 15175653 |
| |
| Mass spectrometry and EST-database searching allows characterization of the multi-protein spliceosome complex. |
| Neubauer G., King A, Rappsilber J., Calvio C., Watson M., Ajuh P., Sleeman J., Lamond A., Mann M. |
| Nature Genetics 1998; 20(1): 46-50. |
| PMID 9731529 |
| |
| Skip interacts with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor and inhibits its transcriptional repression activity |
| Prathapam, T., Kühne, C., & Banks, L. |
| Nucleic Acids Research 2002; 30(23): 5261-68 |
| PMID 12466551 |
| |
| Comparison of SKIP expression in malignant pleural mesotheliomas with Ki-67 proliferation index and prognostic parameters |
| Turkcu G., Alabalik U., Keles A.N., Ibiloglu I., Kucukoner M., Selimoglu Sen H., & Buyukbayram H. |
| Pol. J. Pathol 2016; 67(2): 108-13. |
| PMID 27543864 |
| |
| Assembly of a Notch Transcriptional Activation Complex Requires Multimerization |
| Vasquez-Del Carpio, R., Kaplan, F. M., Weaver, K. L., VanWye, J. D., Alves-Guerra, M.C., Robbins, D. J., & Capobianco, A. J. |
| Molecular and Cellular Biology 2011; 31(7): 1396-408. |
| PMID 21245387 |
| |
| SKIP expression is correlated with clinical prognosis in patients with bladder cancer |
| Wang L., Zhang M., Wu Y., Huang Y., Shi Z., & Huang H. |
| Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2014; 7(4): 1695-701. |
| PMID 24817966 |
| |
| SNW1 Is a Critical Regulator of Spatial BMP Activity, Neural Plate Border Formation, and Neural Crest Specification in Vertebrate Embryos |
| Wu M.Y., Ramel M.C., Howell M., Hill C.S. |
| Plos Biology 2011; 9(2): e1000593 |
| PMID 21358802 |
| |
| SNW1 enables sister chromatid cohesion by mediating the splicing of sororin and APC2 pre-mRNAs. |
| van der Lelij P., Stocsits R.R., Ladurner R., Petzold G., Kreidl E., Koch B., Schmitz J., Neumann B., Ellenberg J., Peters J.M. |
| EMBO J. 2014; 33(22): 2643-58. |
| PMID 25257309 |
| |
