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IGF2R (insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor)

Identity

Other namesM6P/IGF2R
HGNC (Hugo) IGF2R
LocusID (NCBI) 3482
Location 6q25-q27
Location_base_pair Starts at 160390131 and ends at 160527583 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009)  [Mapping]

DNA/RNA

Note no known splice variants
Description 138376 bp
Transcription 9090 bp mRNA
Pseudogene None known

Protein

Description 2491 aa
Expression Subject to parental genomic imprinting in some viviparous mammals. Preferential transcription of maternally-derived allele in some mammals with the exception of primates and close relatives. Humans harbor a parentally imprinted differentially methylated CpG island, but human IGF2R transcripts are not preferentially maternally derived.
Function M6P/IGF2R translates to a protein whose diverse functions include lysosomal enzyme trafficking, fetal organogenesis, tumor suppression, and cytotoxic T-cell induced apoptosis. The M6P- and IGF2-binding sites are distinct within the protein, and are thought to have evolved independently, partly explaining the gamut of functions attributable to a single protein: the ancestral M6PR dates back at least 450 million years, and appears to have been a suitable platform for acquiring an IGF2 binding function in ancestral mammals roughly 150 to 200 million years ago; as with M6P-tagged molecules, bound IGF2 is targeted to lysosomes, where IGF2 is degraded. To the extent that the tumor suppressor role of M6P/IGF2R relies on IGF2 binding, the M6P/IGF2R is a very young tumor suppressor.
Homology CD-MPR

Mutations

Note Include genetic and epigenetic derangements.
Epigenetics Beyond biochemical and DNA sequence properties, M6P/IGF2R epigenetic traits have been described. In humans, there is a differentially methylated region (DMR) in intron 2 of the gene which is preferentially methylated on the maternally inherited copy of the gene; in addition, the human M6P/IGF2R resides in an asynchronously replicating genomic region, such that the gene allele inherited from the mother replicates first.

Despite these parentally pre-programmed epigenetic behaviors, human M6P/IGF2R transcription appears to be equivalent between both parentally-inherited alleles. Thus, human M6P/IGF2R alleles are encoded with information about parental origin, but this information is evidently uncoupled from transcriptional ramifications. This uncoupling is particularly intriguing in light of mouse genetic manipulations which causally link an imprinted M6p/igf2r DMR to imprinted transcription. Thus, the human M6P/IGF2R provides a rare example of uncoupling of stable gene imprinting --evidenced by somatically heritable parent-specific DNA methylation-- from stable imprinted transcription. Interestingly, the marsupial M6P/IGF2R homologue manifests parentally imprinted maternal transcription in the absence of imprinted differential methylation.

M6P/IGF2R, thus, is remarkably divergent across animal species with respect to both biochemical and epigenetic properties. Within the imprinted family of genes, M6P/IGF2R manifests a distinctive uncoupling of imprinted methylation from imprinted transcription, which frustrates efforts to establish the precise role of DNA methylation in the imprinting process. M6P/IGF2R is somewhat of a devil's advocate and a reminder that genes don't always read the journals.

Germinal Epigenetic alterations associated with fetal developmental abnormalities.
Somatic PCR-platform IGF2R LOH, microsatellite instability, and point mutations described in tumors.
Somatic mutations of M6P/IGF2R DNA sequence have been identified in human colon, liver, lung, breast and ovarian cancers, suggestive of Knudson-type two-hit oncogenetics at first glance; however, M6P/IGF2R loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is reported to precede point mutation of the remaining allele in the hepatocellular carcinoma model, in distinction from RB and other genes following the two-hit principle of Knudson. Statistically significant differences in M6P/IGF2R allelic variants have been identified between Japanese and American populations, but any functional significance has not been ascribed.

Implicated in

Entity Development, immunity, tumorigenesis.
  

External links

Nomenclature
HGNC (Hugo)IGF2R   5467
Entrez_Gene (NCBI)IGF2R  3482  insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor
Cards
AtlasIGF2RID380
GeneCards (Weizmann)IGF2R
Ensembl (Hinxton)ENSG00000197081 [Gene_View]  chr6:160390131-160527583 [Contig_View]  IGF2R [Vega]
AceView (NCBI)IGF2R
Genatlas (Paris)IGF2R
euGene (Indiana)3482
SOURCE (Stanford)NM_000876
Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath (UCSC)IGF2R  -     chr6:160390131-160527583 +  6q26   [Description]    (hg19-Feb_2009)
EnsemblIGF2R - 6q26 [CytoView]
Mapping of homologs : NCBIIGF2R [Mapview]
OMIM147280   
Gene and transcription
Genbank (Entrez)AB209668 AK300848 BC172256 J03528 Y00285
RefSeq transcript (SRS)NM_000876
RefSeq transcript (Entrez)NM_000876
RefSeq genomic (SRS)AC_000138 NC_000006 NG_011785 NT_025741 NW_001838991
RefSeq genomic (Entrez)AC_000138 NC_000006 NG_011785 NT_025741 NW_001838991
Consensus coding sequences : CCDS (NCBI)IGF2R
Cluster EST : UnigeneHs.487062 [ SRS ] Hs.487062 [ NCBI ]
Alternative Splicing : Fast-db (Paris)16951
Alternative Splicing GalleryENSG00000197081
Gene ExpressionIGF2R [ NCBI-GEO ]   IGF2R [ EBI - ARRAY_EXPRESS ]
Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
UniProt/SwissProtP11717 (SRS) P11717 (Uniprot)
With graphics : InterProP11717
Splice isoforms : SwissVarP11717(Swissvar)
Domaine pattern : Prosite (SRS)FN2_1 (PS00023)    FN2_2 (PS51092)   
Domaine pattern : Prosite (Expaxy)FN2_1 (PS00023)    FN2_2 (PS51092)   
Domains : Interpro (SRS)CIMR    FN_type2_col-bd    Kringle-like    Man6P_isomerase_rcpt-bd_dom   
Domains : Interpro (EBI)CIMR    FN_type2_col-bd    Kringle-like    Man6P_isomerase_rcpt-bd_dom   
Related proteins : CluSTrP11717
Domain families : Pfam (SRS)CIMR (PF00878)    fn2 (PF00040)   
Domain families : Pfam (Sanger)CIMR (PF00878)    fn2 (PF00040)   
Domain families : Pfam (NCBI)pfam00878    pfam00040   
Domain families : Smart (EMBL)FN2 (SM00059)  
Blocks (Seattle)P11717
PDB (SRS)1E6F    1GP0    1GP3    1GQB    1JWG    1LF8    2CNJ    2V5N    2V5O    2V5P   
PDB (PDBSum)1E6F    1GP0    1GP3    1GQB    1JWG    1LF8    2CNJ    2V5N    2V5O    2V5P   
PDB (IMB)1E6F    1GP0    1GP3    1GQB    1JWG    1LF8    2CNJ    2V5N    2V5O    2V5P   
PDB (RSDB)1E6F    1GP0    1GP3    1GQB    1JWG    1LF8    2CNJ    2V5N    2V5O    2V5P   
Human Protein AtlasENSG00000197081
HPRD00928
IPIIPI00289819   IPI00930044   IPI00930184   
dbDEPCIPI00289819   
Protein Interaction databases
DIP (DOE-UCLA)P11717
IntAct (EBI)P11717
FunCoupENSG00000197081
REACTOMEIGF2R
BioGRIDIGF2R
InParanoidP11717
Interologous Interaction database P11717
Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (NCBI)IGF2R
SNP (GeneSNP Utah)IGF2R
SNP : HGBaseIGF2R
Genetic variants : HAPMAPIGF2R
Somatic Mutations in Cancer : COSMICIGF2R 
CONAN: Copy Number AnalysisIGF2R 
Mutations and Diseases : HGMDIGF2R
OMIM147280   
GENETests147280   
Disease Genetic AssociationIGF2R
Huge Navigator IGF2R [HugePedia]  IGF2R [HugeCancerGEM]
Genomic VariantsIGF2R
snp3D : Map Gene to Disease3482
General knowledge
Homologs : HomoloGeneIGF2R
Homology/Alignments : Family Browser (UCSC)IGF2R
Phylogenetic Trees/Animal Genes : TreeFamIGF2R
Chemical/Protein Interactions : CTD3482
Chemical/Pharm GKB GenePA29701
Clinical trialIGF2R
Cancer Resource (Charite)ENSG00000197081
Ontology : AmiGOglycoprotein binding  receptor activity  insulin-like growth factor-activated receptor activity  transporter activity  protein binding  insulin-like growth factor binding  mannose binding  membrane fraction  nucleus  nuclear envelope lumen  cytoplasm  lysosomal membrane  endosome  integral to plasma membrane  receptor-mediated endocytosis  signal transduction  cell surface  membrane  endocytic vesicle  trans-Golgi network transport vesicle  insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway  phosphoprotein binding  
Ontology : EGO-EBIglycoprotein binding  receptor activity  insulin-like growth factor-activated receptor activity  transporter activity  protein binding  insulin-like growth factor binding  mannose binding  membrane fraction  nucleus  nuclear envelope lumen  cytoplasm  lysosomal membrane  endosome  integral to plasma membrane  receptor-mediated endocytosis  signal transduction  cell surface  membrane  endocytic vesicle  trans-Golgi network transport vesicle  insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway  phosphoprotein binding  
Other databases
Probes
Probes : ImagenesIGF2R Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
Litterature
PubMed133 Pubmed reference(s) in Entrez
PubGeneIGF2R
iHOPIGF2R

Bibliography

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Kornfeld S
Annual review of biochemistry. 1992 ; 61 : 307-330.
PMID 1323236
 
Conservation of a maternal-specific methylation signal at the human IGF2R locus.
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Human molecular genetics. 1995 ; 4 (10) : 1945-1952.
PMID 8595419
 
Imprinted expression of the Igf2r gene depends on an intronic CpG island.
Wutz A, Smrzka OW, Schweifer N, Schellander K, Wagner EF, Barlow DP
Nature. 1997 ; 389 (6652) : 745-749.
PMID 9338788
 
Loss of the gene encoding mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis.
Yamada T, De Souza AT, Finkelstein S, Jirtle RL
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997 ; 94 (19) : 10351-10355.
PMID 9294214
 
Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor is a death receptor for granzyme B during cytotoxic T cell-induced apoptosis.
Motyka B, Korbutt G, Pinkoski MJ, Heibein JA, Caputo A, Hobman M, Barry M, Shostak I, Sawchuk T, Holmes CF, Gauldie J, Bleackley RC
Cell. 2000 ; 103 (3) : 491-500.
PMID 11081635
 
Divergent evolution in M6P/IGF2R imprinting from the Jurassic to the Quaternary.
Killian JK, Nolan CM, Wylie AA, Li T, Vu TH, Hoffman AR, Jirtle RL
Human molecular genetics. 2001 ; 10 (17) : 1721-1728.
PMID 11532981
 
Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) variants in American and Japanese populations.
Killian JK, Oka Y, Jang HS, Fu X, Waterland RA, Sohda T, Sakaguchi S, Jirtle RL
Human mutation. 2001 ; 18 (1) : 25-31.
PMID 11438990
 
Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture.
Young LE, Fernandes K, McEvoy TG, Butterwith SC, Gutierrez CG, Carolan C, Broadbent PJ, Robinson JJ, Wilmut I, Sinclair KD
Nature genetics. 2001 ; 27 (2) : 153-154.
PMID 11175780
 
Mannose 6-phosphate receptors: new twists in the tale.
Ghosh P, Dahms NM, Kornfeld S
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 2003 ; 4 (3) : 202-212.
PMID 12612639
 
Familial aggregation of abnormal methylation of parental alleles at the IGF2/H19 and IGF2R differentially methylated regions.
Sandovici I, Leppert M, Hawk PR, Suarez A, Linares Y, Sapienza C
Human molecular genetics. 2003 ; 12 (13) : 1569-1578.
PMID 12812984
 
REVIEW articlesautomatic search in PubMed
Last year publicationsautomatic search in PubMed

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Contributor(s)

Written03-2004J Keith Killian

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :
Killian JK . IGF2R (insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. March 2004 .
URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/IGF2RID380.html

This paper is referenced by INIST as such :
http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/38064/1/03-2004-IGF2RID380.pdf   [ Bibliographic record ]

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indexed on : Sat Apr 28 15:07:14 CEST 2012

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