| Written | 2005-05 | Ugo Testa |
| Department of Hematology, Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy |
| Identity |
| Other names | CD123 |
| HGNC (Hugo) | IL3RA |
| LocusID (NCBI) | 3563 |
| Atlas_Id | 40959 |
| Location | Xp22.33 [Link to chromosome band Xp22] |
| Location_base_pair | Starts at 1455509 and ends at 1501582 bp from pter ( according to and) [Mapping IL3RA.png] |
| Fusion genes (updated 2016) | CSF2RA (Xp22.33) / IL3RA (Xp22.33) |
| DNA/RNA |
| Description | The gene encoding interleukin-3 receptor is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the end of the short arm of the X and Y chromosomes. The IL-3R alpha chain gene contains twelve exons and eleven introns that span an area of approximately 40 Kb. It is positioned near (190 Kbp) to the gene encoding for GM-CSFR alpha chain. Both the IL-3R alpha and GM-CSFR alpha genes display a similar structural organization, suggesting a common evolutionary origin for both genes. |
| Protein |
| Description | The IL-3R alpha gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein of 41.3 KDa. The IL-3R alpha precursor chain protein is composed by 378 amino acids. Cleavage of the 18 amino acid signal peptide yelds a mature polypeptide chain of 360 amino acids, containing a 288 amino acid extracellular domain involved in IL-3 binding, a 20 amino acid transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail of 52 amino acids. The extracellular domain is composed by two regions: a N-terminal region of about 100 amino acids, whose sequence exhibits a great similarity to equivalent regions of the GM-CSF and IL-5 receptor alpha-chains; a region, proximal to the transmembrane domain, that contains four conserved cysteine residues and a WSXWS motif, common to other members of this cytokine receptor family. The ligand binding domain consists of about 200 amino acid residue cytokine receptor motifs (CRMs) made up of two Ig-like folding domains. The IL-3R alpha chain is highly glycosylated: six potential N-glycosylation sites have been detected in the extracellular domain. Due to the high glycosylation, the natural IL-3R alpha protein exhibit a MW of about 70 KDa. N-glycosylation is necessary for both ligand binding and receptor signaling. The IL-3R alpha cytoplasmic tail contains a short proline motif, similar to box 1 of the IL-3R beta common chain. |
| Expression | At the level of the hematopoietic system IL-3R alpha expression was described on bone marrow CD34+ cells (including primitive multipotential and committed progenitors), granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, megakaryocytes and B-lymphocytes. Although the IL-3R alpha is expressed on the large majority of progenitor cells, it does not seem to be expressed on the stem cell fraction. The large majority of CD34+ cells possess IL-3R alpha, but its expression is lost during the initial steps of erythroid differentiation, while its expression is maintained up to terminal stages of granulo-monocytic differentiation. The IL-3R alpha is also a distinctive marker of the "lymphoid" dendritic cells present in peripheral blood. IL-3R alpha expression has also been described in several cell types outside the hemopoeitic system, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. |
| Localisation | functional mature IL-3R alpha is located at the level of the plasma membrane where it forms a molecular complex with the IL-3R beta chain. |
| Function | IL-3R alpha function can be defined by the activity of its ligand interleukin-3. IL-3 is a multipotent cytokine that promotes the development of hemopoietic progenitors into cells of the erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In in vitro colony forming assays IL-3 supports the colony formation by virtually all types of hemopoeitic progenitors, including CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, CFU-G, CFU-M, CFU-Mk, CFU-E and BFU-E. |
| Mutations |
| Note | No mutations of the IL-3Ra gene have been reported in hematological and non hematological human malignancies. Elevated IL-3Ra expression has been reported in about 45% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in 40% of patients with acute B lymphoid leukemia. An high IL-3Ra expression has been reported also in hairy cell leukemia. |
| Bibliography |
| Analysis of the 5' promoters for human IL-3 and GM-CSF receptor alpha genes. |
| Akagawa E, Muto A, Arai K, Watanabe S |
| Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2003 ; 300 (2) : 600-608. |
| PMID 12504125 |
| Regulation of myeloid development and function by colony stimulating factors. |
| Barreda DR, Hanington PC, Belosevic M |
| Developmental and comparative immunology. 2004 ; 28 (5) : 509-554. |
| PMID 15062647 |
| Structure of the complete extracellular domain of the common beta subunit of the human GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 receptors reveals a novel dimer configuration. |
| Carr PD, Gustin SE, Church AP, Murphy JM, Ford SC, Mann DA, Woltring DM, Walker I, Ollis DL, Young IG |
| Cell. 2001 ; 104 (2) : 291-300. |
| PMID 11207369 |
| Identification of primary structural features that define the differential actions of IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors. |
| Evans CA, Ariffin S, Pierce A, Whetton AD |
| Blood. 2002 ; 100 (9) : 3164-3174. |
| PMID 12384414 |
| Site-specific serine phosphorylation of the IL-3 receptor is required for hemopoietic cell survival. |
| Guthridge MA, Stomski FC, Barry EF, Winnall W, Woodcock JM, McClure BJ, Dottore M, Berndt MC, Lopez AF |
| Molecular cell. 2000 ; 6 (1) : 99-108. |
| PMID 10949031 |
| Cloning of an interleukin-3 receptor gene: a member of a distinct receptor gene family. |
| Itoh N, Yonehara S, Schreurs J, Gorman DM, Maruyama K, Ishii A, Yahara I, Arai K, Miyajima A |
| Science (New York, N.Y.). 1990 ; 247 (4940) : 324-327. |
| PMID 2404337 |
| The interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain is a unique marker for human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells. |
| Jordan CT, Upchurch D, Szilvassy SJ, Guzman ML, Howard DS, Pettigrew AL, Meyerrose T, Rossi R, Grimes B, Rizzieri DA, Luger SM, Phillips GL |
| Leukemia : official journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2000 ; 14 (10) : 1777-1784. |
| PMID 11021753 |
| Expression cloning of the human IL-3 receptor cDNA reveals a shared beta subunit for the human IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors. |
| Kitamura T, Sato N, Arai K, Miyajima A |
| Cell. 1991 ; 66 (6) : 1165-1174. |
| PMID 1833064 |
| The receptor binding site of human interleukin-3 defined by mutagenesis and molecular modeling. |
| Klein BK, Feng Y, McWherter CA, Hood WF, Paik K, McKearn JP |
| The Journal of biological chemistry. 1997 ; 272 (36) : 22630-22641. |
| PMID 9278420 |
| Structure of the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the human interleukin 3 receptor. |
| Kosugi H, Nakagawa Y, Hotta T, Saito H, Miyajima A, Arai K, Yokota T |
| Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1995 ; 208 (1) : 360-367. |
| PMID 7887951 |
| A cytokine receptor gene cluster in the X-Y pseudoautosomal region? |
| Kremer E, Baker E, D'Andrea RJ, Slim R, Phillips H, Moretti PA, Lopez AF, Petit C, Vadas MA, Sutherland GR |
| Blood. 1993 ; 82 (1) : 22-28. |
| PMID 8100720 |
| Gene for the alpha-subunit of the human interleukin-3 receptor (IL3RA) localized to the X-Y pseudoautosomal region. |
| Milatovich A, Kitamura T, Miyajima A, Francke U |
| American journal of human genetics. 1993 ; 53 (5) : 1146-1153. |
| PMID 8213838 |
| Expression of interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor common chain betac, betaIT in normal haematopoiesis: lineage specificity and proliferation-independent induction. |
| Militi S, Riccioni R, Parolini I, Sposi NM, Samoggia P, Pelosi E, Testa U, Peschle C |
| British journal of haematology. 2000 ; 111 (2) : 441-451. |
| PMID 11122083 |
| Interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain (CD123) is widely expressed in hematologic malignancies. |
| Muñoz L, Nomdedéu JF, López O, Carnicer MJ, Bellido M, Aventín A, Brunet S, Sierra J |
| Haematologica. 2001 ; 86 (12) : 1261-1269. |
| PMID 11726317 |
| Immunophenotypic features of acute myeloid leukemias overexpressing the interleukin 3 receptor alpha chain. |
| Riccioni R, Rossini A, Calabrò L, Diverio D, Pasquini L, Lococo F, Peschle C, Testa U |
| Leukemia & lymphoma. 2004 ; 45 (8) : 1511-1517. |
| PMID 15370201 |
| Human interleukin-3 (IL-3) induces disulfide-linked IL-3 receptor alpha- and beta-chain heterodimerization, which is required for receptor activation but not high-affinity binding. |
| Stomski FC, Sun Q, Bagley CJ, Woodcock J, Goodall G, Andrews RK, Berndt MC, Lopez AF |
| Molecular and cellular biology. 1996 ; 16 (6) : 3035-3046. |
| PMID 8649415 |
| Interleukin-3 receptor in acute leukemia. |
| Testa U, Riccioni R, Diverio D, Rossini A, Lo Coco F, Peschle C |
| Leukemia : official journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2004 ; 18 (2) : 219-226. |
| PMID 14671644 |
| IL-3 receptor signaling is dispensable for BCR-ABL-induced myeloproliferative disease. |
| Wong S, McLaughlin J, Cheng D, Shannon K, Robb L, Witte ON |
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003 ; 100 (20) : 11630-11635. |
| PMID 14500898 |
| Citation |
| This paper should be referenced as such : |
| Testa, U |
| IL3RA (interleukin-3 receptor alpha) |
| Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2005;9(3):227-228. |
| Free journal version : [ pdf ] [ DOI ] |
| On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/IL3RAID40959chXp22Yp13.html |
| External links |
| REVIEW articles | automatic search in PubMed |
| Last year publications | automatic search in PubMed |
| © Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Wed Sep 28 15:52:01 CEST 2016 |
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