NDRG2 (NDRG family member 2)
2005-06-01 Libo Yao , Lifeng Wang , Jiang Zhang , Na Liu AffiliationDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
DNA/RNA
Description
The gene encompasses 9013 bp of DNA; 16 or 17 exons (the first and second are non-coding).
Transcription
Eight splicing mRNAs are found.
2142 bp mRNA; CDS: 174-1289bp ;1113 bp open reading frame
2100 bp mRNA; CDS: 174-1247bp ;1071 bp open reading frame
2033 bp mRNA; CDS: 107-1180bp ;1071 bp open reading frame
2075 bp mRNA; CDS: 107-1222bp ;1113 bp open reading frame
2010 bp mRNA; CDS: 84-1157bp ;1071 bp open reading frame
2052 bp mRNA; CDS: 84-1199bp ;1113 bp open reading frame
2119 bp mRNA; CDS: 151-1266bp ;1113 bp open reading frame
2077 bp mRNA; CDS: 151-1224bp ;1071 bp open reading frame.
Proteins
Description
357 amino acids ; another isoform has 371 amino acids ; 40 or 43 kDa ; Thr348 is a Akt phosphorylation site, Ser332 is a PKC teta-phosphorylation site. NDRG2 has the alpha/beta hydrolase fold motif.
Expression
Widely expressed, especially in brain, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney.
Localisation
cytosol
Function
A candidate tumor suppressor gene. Ndrg2 expressed much higher in normal tissues than the tumors (brain, liver, pancreas tissues etc) . Overexpression of ndrg2 can inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma U373 and U138 cells. NDRG2 upregulation is associated with disease pathogenesis in the human brain. Ndrg2 is expressed during the differentiation of DCs, and the expression is differentially regulated by maturation-inducing stimuli such as LPS and CD40. The expression of ndrg2 in rat frontal cortex was decreased by chronic antidepressant treatment.
Homology
At the amino acid level, human NDRG2 shows 57% identical to NDRG1 and NDRG3, 65% identical to NDRG4-B, 63% identical to NDRG4-Bvar and 61% identical to NDRG4-H respectively. Also human NDRG2 shows 92% identical to mouse NDRG2.
Implicated in
Entity name
Alzheimers disease
Disease
Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia. Dementia is a collective name for progressive degenerative brain syndromes, which affect memory, thinking, behavior and emotion. Symptoms may include: 1) lose of memory ; 2) difficulty in finding the right words or understanding what people are saying; 3) difficulty in performing previously routine tasks; 4) personality and mood changes.
Prognosis
The probable outcome is poor. The disorder is usually not acute, but progresses steadily. Total disability is common. Death normally occurs within 15 years, usually from an infection or a failure of other body systems. The duration of illness, from onset of symptoms to death, averages 8 to 10 years
Hybrid gene
NDRG2 is upregulated at both the RNA and protein levels in AD brains. Expression of NDRG2 in affected brains was revealed in : (1) cortical pyramidal neurons, (2) senile plaques and (3) cellular processes of dystrophic neurons. NDRG2 upregulation is associated with disease pathogenesis in the human brain
Entity name
Liver cancers
Disease
Liver cancers are primary liver tumors (hepatoma/hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct cancer/cholangio-carcinoma) or metastatic liver tumor.
Oncogenesis
Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the expression levels of NDRG2 mRNA in liver cancer tissues reduced significantly, but the mutation in the whole coding region of NDRG2 was not found.
Entity name
Glioblastoma
Disease
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of the primary brain tumors known collectively as gliomas. These tumors arise from the supporting, glial cells of the brain during childhood and in adults. These growths do not spread throughout the body like other forms of cancer, but cause symptoms by invading the brain.NDRG2 gene was first found in this tissue by using subtraction cloning.
Oncogenesis
Ndrg2 is present at low levels in human GBM tissues and glioblastoma cell lines comparing with normal tissue and cells. Transient transfection exogenous NDRG2 gene will inhibits glioblastoma U373 and U138 cells proliferation.
Entity name
Gastric cancer
Disease
Gastric cancer is the result of cell changes in the lining of the stomach. The most common types of stomach cancer start in the glandular cells of the stomach lining and are known as adenocarcinomas. These are rare cancers that usually start from the cells of the muscle layer of the stomach. The most common type of sarcoma to affect the stomach is a leiomyosarcoma. Another type of sarcoma is a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST).
Oncogenesis
Ndrg2 is present at low level in some stomach cancer tissue and cell lines.
Article Bibliography
| Pubmed ID | Last Year | Title | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1459450 | 1992 | Embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the N-myc gene. | Charron J et al |
| 12845671 | 2003 | N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation. | Deng Y et al |
| 15526377 | 2004 | NDRG2 expression and mutation in human liver and pancreatic cancers. | Hu XL et al |
| 8939898 | 1996 | Homocysteine-respondent genes in vascular endothelial cells identified by differential display analysis. GRP78/BiP and novel genes. | Kokame K et al |
| 9766676 | 1998 | Inhibition of tumor cell growth by RTP/rit42 and its responsiveness to p53 and DNA damage. | Kurdistani SK et al |
| 15207261 | 2004 | NDRG2: a novel Alzheimer's disease associated protein. | Mitchelmore C et al |
| 10581191 | 1999 | Identification of new genes ndr2 and ndr3 which are related to Ndr1/RTP/Drg1 but show distinct tissue specificity and response to N-myc. | Okuda T et al |
| 11936845 | 2002 | Characterization and expression of three novel differentiation-related genes belong to the human NDRG gene family. | Qu X et al |
| 10381566 | 1999 | N-myc-dependent repression of ndr1, a gene identified by direct subtraction of whole mouse embryo cDNAs between wild type and N-myc mutant. | Shimono A et al |
| 1459449 | 1992 | Loss of N-myc function results in embryonic lethality and failure of the epithelial component of the embryo to develop. | Stanton BR et al |
| 11352569 | 2001 | Characterization of the human NDRG gene family: a newly identified member, NDRG4, is specifically expressed in brain and heart. | Zhou RH et al |
| 9251681 | 1997 | A novel gene which is up-regulated during colon epithelial cell differentiation and down-regulated in colorectal neoplasms. | van Belzen N et al |
Other Information
Locus ID:
NCBI: 57447
MIM: 605272
HGNC: 14460
Ensembl: ENSG00000165795
Variants:
dbSNP: 57447
ClinVar: 57447
TCGA: ENSG00000165795
COSMIC: NDRG2
RNA/Proteins
Expression (GTEx)
Protein levels (Protein atlas)
References
| Pubmed ID | Year | Title | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38241776 | 2024 | The effect of p53 on the activity of NRF2 and NDRG2 genes through apoptotic pathway in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. | 1 |
| 38474089 | 2024 | Inhibition of PRMT5/MEP50 Arginine Methyltransferase Activity Causes Cancer Vulnerability in NDRG2(low) Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. | 0 |
| 38241776 | 2024 | The effect of p53 on the activity of NRF2 and NDRG2 genes through apoptotic pathway in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. | 1 |
| 38474089 | 2024 | Inhibition of PRMT5/MEP50 Arginine Methyltransferase Activity Causes Cancer Vulnerability in NDRG2(low) Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. | 0 |
| 36989575 | 2023 | ROS promote hyper-methylation of NDRG2 promoters in a DNMTS-dependent manner: Contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis. | 4 |
| 36989575 | 2023 | ROS promote hyper-methylation of NDRG2 promoters in a DNMTS-dependent manner: Contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis. | 4 |
| 34373985 | 2022 | Colorectal Cancer Cell Differentiation Is Dependent on the Repression of Aerobic Glycolysis by NDRG2-TXNIP Axis. | 6 |
| 34951340 | 2022 | MiR-181a-5p facilitates proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis of breast cancer through NDRG2-mediated activation of PTEN/AKT pathway. | 19 |
| 35048779 | 2022 | Expression and Significance of N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 in the process of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. | 0 |
| 36012631 | 2022 | The Function of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) as a Negative Regulator in Tumor Cell Metastasis. | 10 |
| 36179025 | 2022 | Astrocytic NDRG2-PPM1A interaction exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage. | 19 |
| 36651243 | 2022 | [NDRG2 inhibits tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating metabolism of phospholipids and triglyceride: a metabonomic analysis]. | 1 |
| 34373985 | 2022 | Colorectal Cancer Cell Differentiation Is Dependent on the Repression of Aerobic Glycolysis by NDRG2-TXNIP Axis. | 6 |
| 34951340 | 2022 | MiR-181a-5p facilitates proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis of breast cancer through NDRG2-mediated activation of PTEN/AKT pathway. | 19 |
| 35048779 | 2022 | Expression and Significance of N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 in the process of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. | 0 |
Citation
Libo Yao ; Lifeng Wang ; Jiang Zhang ; Na Liu
NDRG2 (NDRG family member 2)
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2005-06-01
Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/41513/ndrg2
