Fusion genes
(updated 2016) | ATL2 (2p22.2) / NDRG2 (14q11.2) | CRYL1 (13q12.11) / NDRG2 (14q11.2) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / BAG6 (6p21.33) |
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NDRG2 (14q11.2) / CALR (19p13.2) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / DDIT4 (10q22.1) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / ERC1 (12p13.33) |
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NDRG2 (14q11.2) / KIF3A (5q31.1) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / NDRG2 (14q11.2) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / RABEP1 (17p13.2) |
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NDRG2 (14q11.2) / RPL38 (17q25.1) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / SEC63 (6q21) | NDRG2 (14q11.2) / TRAF4 (17q11.2) |
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PAPLN (14q24.2) / NDRG2 (14q11.2) |
| Note | |
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| Entity | Alzheimer's disease |
| Disease | Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Dementia is a collective name for progressive degenerative brain syndromes, which affect memory, thinking, behavior and emotion. Symptoms may include: 1) lose of memory ; 2) difficulty in finding the right words or understanding what people are saying; 3) difficulty in performing previously routine tasks; 4) personality and mood changes. |
| Prognosis | The probable outcome is poor. The disorder is usually not acute, but progresses steadily. Total disability is common. Death normally occurs within 15 years, usually from an infection or a failure of other body systems. The duration of illness, from onset of symptoms to death, averages 8 to 10 years |
| Hybrid/Mutated Gene | NDRG2 is upregulated at both the RNA and protein levels in AD brains. Expression of NDRG2 in affected brains was revealed in : (1) cortical pyramidal neurons, (2) senile plaques and (3) cellular processes of dystrophic neurons. NDRG2 upregulation is associated with disease pathogenesis in the human brain |
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| Entity | Liver cancers |
| Disease | Liver cancers are primary liver tumors (hepatoma/hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct cancer/cholangio-carcinoma) or metastatic liver tumor. |
| Oncogenesis | Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the expression levels of NDRG2 mRNA in liver cancer tissues reduced significantly, but the mutation in the whole coding region of NDRG2 was not found. |
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| Entity | Glioblastoma |
| Disease | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of the primary brain tumors known collectively as gliomas. These tumors arise from the supporting, glial cells of the brain during childhood and in adults. These growths do not spread throughout the body like other forms of cancer, but cause symptoms by invading the brain.NDRG2 gene was first found in this tissue by using subtraction cloning. |
| Oncogenesis | Ndrg2 is present at low levels in human GBM tissues and glioblastoma cell lines comparing with normal tissue and cells. Transient transfection exogenous NDRG2 gene will inhibits glioblastoma U373 and U138 cells proliferation. |
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| Entity | Gastric cancer |
| Disease | Gastric cancer is the result of cell changes in the lining of the stomach. The most common types of stomach cancer start in the glandular cells of the stomach lining and are known as adenocarcinomas. These are rare cancers that usually start from the cells of the muscle layer of the stomach. The most common type of sarcoma to affect the stomach is a leiomyosarcoma. Another type of sarcoma is a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). |
| Oncogenesis | Ndrg2 is present at low level in some stomach cancer tissue and cell lines. |
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| Embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of the N-myc gene. |
| Charron J, Malynn BA, Fisher P, Stewart V, Jeannotte L, Goff SP, Robertson EJ, Alt FW |
| Genes & development. 1992 ; 6 (12A) : 2248-2257. |
| PMID 1459450 |
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| N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation. |
| Deng Y, Yao L, Chau L, Ng SS, Peng Y, Liu X, Au WS, Wang J, Li F, Ji S, Han H, Nie X, Li Q, Kung HF, Leung SY, Lin MC |
| International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. 2003 ; 106 (3) : 342-347. |
| PMID 12845671 |
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| NDRG2 expression and mutation in human liver and pancreatic cancers. |
| Hu XL, Liu XP, Lin SX, Deng YC, Liu N, Li X, Yao LB |
| World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2004 ; 10 (23) : 3518-3521. |
| PMID 15526377 |
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| Homocysteine-respondent genes in vascular endothelial cells identified by differential display analysis. GRP78/BiP and novel genes. |
| Kokame K, Kato H, Miyata T |
| The Journal of biological chemistry. 1996 ; 271 (47) : 29659-29665. |
| PMID 8939898 |
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| Inhibition of tumor cell growth by RTP/rit42 and its responsiveness to p53 and DNA damage. |
| Kurdistani SK, Arizti P, Reimer CL, Sugrue MM, Aaronson SA, Lee SW |
| Cancer research. 1998 ; 58 (19) : 4439-4444. |
| PMID 9766676 |
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| NDRG2: a novel Alzheimer's disease associated protein. |
| Mitchelmore C, Büchmann-M&oring; S, Rask L, West MJ, Troncoso JC, Jensen NA |
| Neurobiology of disease. 2004 ; 16 (1) : 48-58. |
| PMID 15207261 |
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| Identification of new genes ndr2 and ndr3 which are related to Ndr1/RTP/Drg1 but show distinct tissue specificity and response to N-myc. |
| Okuda T, Kondoh H |
| Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1999 ; 266 (1) : 208-215. |
| PMID 10581191 |
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| Characterization and expression of three novel differentiation-related genes belong to the human NDRG gene family. |
| Qu X, Zhai Y, Wei H, Zhang C, Xing G, Yu Y, He F |
| Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2002 ; 229 (1-2) : 35-44. |
| PMID 11936845 |
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| N-myc-dependent repression of ndr1, a gene identified by direct subtraction of whole mouse embryo cDNAs between wild type and N-myc mutant. |
| Shimono A, Okuda T, Kondoh H |
| Mechanisms of development. 1999 ; 83 (1-2) : 39-52. |
| PMID 10381566 |
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| Loss of N-myc function results in embryonic lethality and failure of the epithelial component of the embryo to develop. |
| Stanton BR, Perkins AS, Tessarollo L, Sassoon DA, Parada LF |
| Genes & development. 1992 ; 6 (12A) : 2235-2247. |
| PMID 1459449 |
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| Characterization of the human NDRG gene family: a newly identified member, NDRG4, is specifically expressed in brain and heart. |
| Zhou RH, Kokame K, Tsukamoto Y, Yutani C, Kato H, Miyata T |
| Genomics. 2001 ; 73 (1) : 86-97. |
| PMID 11352569 |
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| A novel gene which is up-regulated during colon epithelial cell differentiation and down-regulated in colorectal neoplasms. |
| van Belzen N, Dinjens WN, Diesveld MP, Groen NA, van der Made AC, Nozawa Y, Vlietstra R, Trapman J, Bosman FT |
| Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 1997 ; 77 (1) : 85-92. |
| PMID 9251681 |
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