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NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)

Identity

Other namesN-RAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
HGNC (Hugo) NRAS
LocusID (NCBI) 4893
Location 1p13.2
Location_base_pair Starts at 115247085 and ends at 115259515 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009)  [Mapping]
Note more on the RAS family is available as a deep insight

DNA/RNA

 
  evolution of two N-ras mRNA transcripts
the slightly differing consensus sequence of the poly A addition site (AATATA instead of AATAAA) leads to inefficient processing and to two different RNA transcripts; exons that encode protein are shown as black boxes, untranslated exons as white boxes; the upstream untranslated exon is indicated as Exon -1
Description consists of seven exons, spread over 8kb of genomic DNA
Transcription inefficient processing of pre-mRNA reveals two different transcripts of 4.3kb and 2kb (see Fig), differing in the extension of the 3« end of the smaller message; the longer transcript is probably a result of an RNA-extension through the termination site

Protein

Description p21N-ras; regular RAS protein - characterized in the page
Expression ubiquitously expressed
Localisation anchored to the inner surface of the plasma membrane
Function analogously to other GTP-binding proteins (such as Translation Elongation Factor EFTu or signal transducing G-Proteins) RAS proteins are involved in signal transduction pathways
Homology ras gene family is part of the ras superfamily including the mammalian RAS, RAL, RAC, RHO, RAP, and RAB gene families and the yeast homologs like SEC4 and YPT1 genes; genes encode small monomeric proteins of low molecular mass (20-30 kDa) which share at least 30% homology to RAS proteins

Implicated in

Entity tumor (frequency of N-RAS mutations); references in Full Bibliography
  
Entity acute non lymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplasia (20-40%)
  
Entity chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia (0-10%)
  
Entity brain (0-15%)
  
Entity skin (0-20%)
  
Entity thyroid (0-60%)
  
Entity testis (0-40%)
  
Entity stomach (gastric tumors) (5%)
  
Entity testis liver (0-15%)
  

External links

Nomenclature
HGNC (Hugo)NRAS   7989
Entrez_Gene (NCBI)NRAS  4893  neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog
Cards
AtlasNRASID92
GeneCards (Weizmann)NRAS
Ensembl (Hinxton)ENSG00000213281 [Gene_View]  chr1:115247085-115259515 [Contig_View]  NRAS [Vega]
AceView (NCBI)NRAS
Genatlas (Paris)NRAS
SOURCE (Stanford)NM_002524
Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath (UCSC)NRAS  -  1p13.2   chr1:115247085-115259515 -  1p13.2   [Description]    (hg19-Feb_2009)
EnsemblNRAS - 1p13.2 [CytoView]
Mapping of homologs : NCBINRAS [Mapview]
OMIM114500   164790   188470   613224   614470   
Gene and transcription
Genbank (Entrez)AF493919 AW021410 AY941100 AY941101 BC005219
RefSeq transcript (SRS)NM_002524
RefSeq transcript (Entrez)NM_002524
RefSeq genomic (SRS)AC_000133 NC_000001 NC_018912 NG_007572 NT_032977 NW_001838594 NW_004077990
RefSeq genomic (Entrez)AC_000133 NC_000001 NC_018912 NG_007572 NT_032977 NW_001838594 NW_004077990
Consensus coding sequences : CCDS (NCBI)NRAS
Cluster EST : UnigeneHs.486502 [ SRS ] Hs.486502 [ NCBI ]
CGAP (NCI)Hs.486502
Alternative Splicing : Fast-db (Paris)GSHG0002385
Alternative Splicing GalleryENSG00000213281
Gene ExpressionNRAS [ NCBI-GEO ]   NRAS [ EBI - ARRAY_EXPRESS ]
Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
UniProt/SwissProtP01111 (SRS) P01111 (Uniprot)
NextProtP01111
With graphics : InterProP01111
Splice isoforms : SwissVarP01111(Swissvar)
Domaine pattern : Prosite (SRS)RAS (PS51421)   
Domaine pattern : Prosite (Expaxy)RAS (PS51421)   
Domains : Interpro (SRS)Small_GTP-bd_dom    Small_GTPase    Small_GTPase_Ras   
Domains : Interpro (EBI)Small_GTP-bd_dom    Small_GTPase    Small_GTPase_Ras   
Related proteins : CluSTrP01111
Domain families : Pfam (SRS)Ras (PF00071)   
Domain families : Pfam (Sanger)Ras (PF00071)   
Domain families : Pfam (NCBI)pfam00071   
Domain families : Smart (EMBL)RAS (SM00173)  
DMDM4893
Blocks (Seattle)P01111
PDB (SRS)3CON   
PDB (PDBSum)3CON   
PDB (IMB)3CON   
PDB (RSDB)3CON   
Human Protein AtlasENSG00000213281
HPRD01273
IPIIPI00000005   
Protein Interaction databases
DIP (DOE-UCLA)P01111
IntAct (EBI)P01111
FunCoupENSG00000213281
REACTOMENRAS
Protein Interaction Database4893
BioGRIDNRAS
InParanoidP01111
Interologous Interaction database P01111
IntegromeDBNRAS
Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (NCBI)NRAS
SNP (GeneSNP Utah)NRAS
SNP : HGBaseNRAS
Genetic variants : HAPMAPNRAS
Cancer Gene: CensusNRAS 
Somatic Mutations in Cancer : COSMICNRAS 
CONAN: Copy Number AnalysisNRAS 
Mutations and Diseases : HGMDNRAS
OMIM114500    164790    188470    613224    614470   
GENETests114500    164790    188470    613224    614470   
Disease Genetic AssociationNRAS
Huge Navigator NRAS [HugePedia]  NRAS [HugeCancerGEM]
Genomic VariantsNRAS  NRAS [DGVbeta]
snp3D : Map Gene to Disease4893
General knowledge
Homologs : HomoloGeneNRAS
Homology/Alignments : Family Browser (UCSC)NRAS
Phylogenetic Trees/Animal Genes : TreeFamNRAS
Chemical/Protein Interactions : CTD4893
Chemical/Pharm GKB GenePA31768
Drug Sensitivity NRAS
Clinical trialNRAS
Cancer Resource (Charite)ENSG00000213281
Ontology : AmiGOGolgi membrane  MAPK cascade  activation of MAPKK activity  GTPase activity  GTP binding  plasma membrane  epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway  small GTPase mediated signal transduction  Ras protein signal transduction  axon guidance  blood coagulation  positive regulation of cell proliferation  insulin receptor signaling pathway  visual learning  fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway  actin cytoskeleton organization  regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic  positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction  negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process  nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway  regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity  leukocyte migration  striated muscle cell differentiation  
Ontology : EGO-EBIGolgi membrane  MAPK cascade  activation of MAPKK activity  GTPase activity  GTP binding  plasma membrane  epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway  small GTPase mediated signal transduction  Ras protein signal transduction  axon guidance  blood coagulation  positive regulation of cell proliferation  insulin receptor signaling pathway  visual learning  fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway  actin cytoskeleton organization  regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic  positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction  negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process  nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway  regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity  leukocyte migration  striated muscle cell differentiation  
Pathways : KEGGRegulation of actin cytoskeletonLong-term depressionVEGF signaling pathwayMAPK signaling pathwayFc epsilon RI signaling pathwayT cell receptor signaling pathwayGap junctionGnRH signaling pathwayInsulin signaling pathwayNatural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityTight junctionAxon guidanceB cell receptor signaling pathwayLong-term potentiation
Other databases
Probes
Litterature
PubMed219 Pubmed reference(s) in Entrez
PubGeneNRAS
iHOPNRAS

Bibliography

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PMID 6700714
 
A new oncogene in human thyroid papillary carcinomas and their lymph-nodal metastases.
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PMID 3600795
 
Human cancer and cellular oncogenes.
Nishimura S, Sekiya T
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Incidence of ras gene mutations in neuroblastoma.
Ballas K, Lyons J, Janssen JW, Bartram CR
European journal of pediatrics. 1988 ; 147 (3) : 313-314.
PMID 3292251
 
The ras gene family and human carcinogenesis.
Bos JL
Mutation research. 1988 ; 195 (3) : 255-271.
PMID 3283542
 
Activated ras oncogenes in human thyroid cancers.
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PMID 3293774
 
Detection of activated ras oncogenes in human thyroid carcinomas.
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High frequency of ras oncogene activation in all stages of human thyroid tumorigenesis.
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PMID 2682461
 
N-ras mutations in human cutaneous melanoma from sun-exposed body sites.
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ras oncogenes: their role in neoplasia.
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Analysis of ras gene mutations in human hepatic malignant tumors by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.
Tada M, Omata M, Ohto M
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PMID 2153451
 
No N-ras mutations in human uveal melanoma: the role of ultraviolet light revisited.
Mooy CM, Van der Helm MJ, Van der Kwast TH, De Jong PT, Ruiter DJ, Zwarthoff EC
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PMID 1892776
 
Infrequent point mutations in codons 12 and 61 of ras oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinomas.
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ras activation in experimental carcinogenesis.
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PMID 1421167
 
Detection of RAS mutations in archival testicular germ cell tumors by polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization.
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PMID 1381946
 
Multiple point mutation of N-ras and K-ras oncogenes in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia.
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N-ras gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: accurate detection by solid-phase minisequencing.
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K-ras oncogene codon 12 point mutations in testicular cancer.
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Investigation of the role of the ras protooncogene point mutation in human uveal melanomas.
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PMID 8505202
 
Prognostic importance of mutations in the ras proto-oncogenes in de novo acute myeloid leukemia.
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PMID 8123851
 
Absence of N-ras mutations in myeloid and lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Watzinger F, Gaiger A, Karlic H, Becher R, Pillwein K, Lion T
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Ras oncogene mutations in thyroid tumors: polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis from paraffin-embedded tissues.
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PMID 8919545
 
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PMID 9156660
 
Mutation of ras oncogene in gastric adenocarcinoma: association with histological phenotype.
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PMID 9137494
 
Ras oncogene mutations in childhood brain tumors.
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PMID 9107428
 
RAS, FMS and p53 mutations and poor clinical outcome in myelodysplasias: a 10-year follow-up.
Padua RA, Guinn BA, Al-Sabah AI, Smith M, Taylor C, Pettersson T, Ridge S, Carter G, White D, Oscier D, Chevret S, West R
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PMID 9639416
 
Correlation of N-ras point mutations with specific chromosomal abnormalities in primary myelodysplastic syndrome.
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PMID 9593469
 
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Contributor(s)

Written02-1999Franz Watzinger and Thomas Lion

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :
Watzinger F and Lion T . NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. February 1999 .
URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/NRASID92.html

This paper is referenced by INIST as such :
http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/37506/1/02-1999-NRASID92.pdf   [ Bibliographic record ]

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indexed on : Wed May 1 12:56:30 CEST 2013

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