| Written | 2010-01 | Wenli Liu, Griffin P Rodgers |
| Molecular, Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9N115, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA |
| Identity |
| Alias_symbol (synonym) | OlfD |
| GW112 | |
| GC1 | |
| Other alias | bA209J19.1 |
| hGC-1 | |
| hOLfD | |
| KIAA4294 | |
| OLM4 | |
| UNQ362 | |
| HGNC (Hugo) | OLFM4 |
| LocusID (NCBI) | 10562 |
| Atlas_Id | 49730 |
| Location | 13q14.3 [Link to chromosome band 13q14] |
| Location_base_pair | Starts at 53028741 and ends at 53052061 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009) [Mapping OLFM4.png] |
 | |
| Fusion genes (updated 2017) | Data from Atlas, Mitelman, Cosmic Fusion, Fusion Cancer, TCGA fusion databases with official HUGO symbols (see references in chromosomal bands) |
| LOXHD1 (18q21.1) / OLFM4 (13q14.3) | OLFM4 (13q14.3) / DGUOK (2p13.1) | OLFM4 (13q14.3) / OLFM4 (13q14.3) | |
| OLFM4 (13q14.3) / TOP2B (3p24.2) |
| Note | OLFM4 is a member of olfactomedin-related protein family. This gene was originally cloned from human myeloblasts and constitutively expressed in normal bone marrow, stomach, small intestine, colon, prostate and pancreas. |
| DNA/RNA |
 | |
| Description | OLFM4 gene locus was mapped to chromosome 13q14.3 with five exons spanning 23220 bp. |
| Transcription | OLFM4 is transcribed to 2861 bp mRNA with an open reading frame of 1530 nucleotides. There is no alternative mRNA splicing. mRNA expression: highly in bone marrow and small intestine; lowly expressed in stomach, colon, pancreas and prostate; no expression is detected in other tissues determined by Northern blot. OLFM4 transcription is regulated by transcription factors, PU1 and NF-kB. |
| Protein |
| Description | OLFM4 encodes a 510 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 55 kD. OLFM4 has a signal peptide and six N-linked glycosylation motifs and forms disulfide-bonded multimers. It has a N-terminal coil-coil domain and C-terminal olfactomedin domain. |
| Expression | OLFM4 protein is endogenously expressed in mature neutrophils and gastric and intestinal epithelial cells. Its expression in bone marrow neutrophils is significantly higher than peripheral blood neutrophils. OLFM4 is more abundantly expressed in intestinal crypts than in surface epithelial cells. |
| Localisation | OLFM4 is localized in multiple subcellular compartments including cytoplasm, mitochondria and membrane. It is also secreted extracellularly. |
| Function | OLFM4 binds to cadherins and lectins and mediates cell adhesion. OLFM4 is a robust marker for stem cells in human intestine. |
| Homology | Human OLFM4 is highly homologous to its mouse homologue (pDP4) with 93% amino acid identity. OLFM4 C-terminal olfactomedin domain has significant homology with other olfactomedin-related proteins including olfactomedin, TIGR, Noelin-1, Noeline-2 and latrophilin-1, etc. |
| Mutations |
| Note | No known genetic mutation in normal or cancer tissues. |
| Implicated in |
| Note | |
| Entity | Stomach cancer |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA expression is upregulated in gastric cancer patients. OLFM4 protein staining by immunohistochemistry was observed more frequently in well-differentiated cancer tissues and more frequently in stage I/II cases than in stage III/IV cases. Serum OLFM4 is a useful marker for gastric cancer patients. |
| Entity | Colon cancer |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA is upregulated in colon cancer patients. OLFM4 protein expression is correlated with prognosis for colon cancer patients. Lower or lost OLFM4 protein expression is correlated with more malignancy and poor survival. |
| Entity | Prostate cancer |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA expression is upregulated in prostate cancer patients. OLFM4 interacts with GRIM-19, a mitochondria pro-apoptosis protein and has an anti-apoptotic function in prostate cancer cells when it is overexpressed. |
| Entity | Pancreatic cancer |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA is upregulated in pancreatic cancer patients. OLFM4 promotes S-phase transition in proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. |
| Entity | Breast cancer |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA is upregulated in breast cancer patients. |
| Entity | Chronic bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA expression is upregulated in the intestines of chronic bowel disease patients including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. |
| Entity | H. pylori gastritis |
| Note | OLFM4 mRNA expression is upregulated in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori infected patients than normal individuals. |
| Bibliography |
| Systematic search for gastric cancer-specific genes based on SAGE data: melanoma inhibitory activity and matrix metalloproteinase-10 are novel prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. |
| Aung PP, Oue N, Mitani Y, Nakayama H, Yoshida K, Noguchi T, Bosserhoff AK, Yasui W. |
| Oncogene. 2006 Apr 20;25(17):2546-57. |
| PMID 16331256 |
| The regulation of OLFM4 expression in myeloid precursor cells relies on NF-kappaB transcription factor. |
| Chin KL, Aerbajinai W, Zhu J, Drew L, Chen L, Liu W, Rodgers GP. |
| Br J Haematol. 2008 Nov;143(3):421-32. Epub 2008 Sep 1. |
| PMID 18764868 |
| Identification of new accessible tumor antigens in human colon cancer by ex vivo protein biotinylation and comparative mass spectrometry analysis. |
| Conrotto P, Roesli C, Rybak J, Kischel P, Waltregny D, Neri D, Castronovo V. |
| Int J Cancer. 2008 Dec 15;123(12):2856-64. |
| PMID 18798264 |
| Olfactomedin 4 promotes S-phase transition in proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. |
| Kobayashi D, Koshida S, Moriai R, Tsuji N, Watanabe N. |
| Cancer Sci. 2007 Mar;98(3):334-40. |
| PMID 17270022 |
| Specific overexpression of OLFM4(GW112/HGC-1) mRNA in colon, breast and lung cancer tissues detected using quantitative analysis. |
| Koshida S, Kobayashi D, Moriai R, Tsuji N, Watanabe N. |
| Cancer Sci. 2007 Mar;98(3):315-20. |
| PMID 17270020 |
| The glycoprotein hGC-1 binds to cadherin and lectins. |
| Liu W, Chen L, Zhu J, Rodgers GP. |
| Exp Cell Res. 2006 Jun 10;312(10):1785-97. Epub 2006 Mar 29. |
| PMID 16566923 |
| Reduced hGC-1 protein expression is associated with malignant progression of colon carcinoma. |
| Liu W, Liu Y, Zhu J, Wright E, Ding I, Rodgers GP. |
| Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Feb 15;14(4):1041-9. |
| PMID 18281536 |
| Expression of hGC-1 is correlated with differentiation of gastric carcinoma. |
| Liu W, Zhu J, Cao L, Rodgers GP. |
| Histopathology. 2007 Aug;51(2):157-65. |
| PMID 17650212 |
| Genes involved in invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer identified by array-based hybridization and serial analysis of gene expression. |
| Oue N, Aung PP, Mitani Y, Kuniyasu H, Nakayama H, Yasui W. |
| Oncology. 2005;69 Suppl 1:17-22. (REVIEW) |
| PMID 16210872 |
| Serum olfactomedin 4 (GW112, hGC-1) in combination with Reg IV is a highly sensitive biomarker for gastric cancer patients. |
| Oue N, Sentani K, Noguchi T, Ohara S, Sakamoto N, Hayashi T, Anami K, Motoshita J, Ito M, Tanaka S, Yoshida K, Yasui W. |
| Int J Cancer. 2009 Nov 15;125(10):2383-92. |
| PMID 19670418 |
| pDP4, a novel glycoprotein secreted by mature granulocytes, is regulated by transcription factor PU.1. |
| Rosenbauer F, Wagner K, Zhang P, Knobeloch KP, Iwama A, Tenen DG. |
| Blood. 2004 Jun 1;103(11):4294-301. Epub 2004 Feb 12. |
| PMID 14962908 |
| Upregulation of Reg 1alpha and GW112 in the epithelium of inflamed colonic mucosa. |
| Shinozaki S, Nakamura T, Iimura M, Kato Y, Iizuka B, Kobayashi M, Hayashi N. |
| Gut. 2001 May;48(5):623-9. |
| PMID 11302958 |
| Molecular-pathological prognostic factors of gastric cancer. |
| Yasui W, Oue N, Aung PP, Matsumura S, Shutoh M, Nakayama H. |
| Gastric Cancer. 2005;8(2):86-94. (REVIEW) |
| PMID 15864715 |
| Identification and characterization of a novel member of olfactomedin-related protein family, hGC-1, expressed during myeloid lineage development. |
| Zhang J, Liu WL, Tang DC, Chen L, Wang M, Pack SD, Zhuang Z, Rodgers GP. |
| Gene. 2002 Jan 23;283(1-2):83-93. |
| PMID 11867215 |
| GW112, a novel antiapoptotic protein that promotes tumor growth. |
| Zhang X, Huang Q, Yang Z, Li Y, Li CY. |
| Cancer Res. 2004 Apr 1;64(7):2474-81. |
| PMID 15059901 |
| OLFM4 is a robust marker for stem cells in human intestine and marks a subset of colorectal cancer cells. |
| van der Flier LG, Haegebarth A, Stange DE, van de Wetering M, Clevers H. |
| Gastroenterology. 2009 Jul;137(1):15-7. Epub 2009 May 18. |
| PMID 19450592 |
| Citation |
| This paper should be referenced as such : |
| Liu, W ; Rodgers, GP |
| OLFM4 (olfactomedin 4) |
| Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2010;14(11):1024-1026. |
| Free journal version : [ pdf ] [ DOI ] |
| On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/OLFM4ID49730ch13q14.html |
| Other Solid tumors implicated (Data extracted from papers in the Atlas) [ 1 ] |
| Solid Tumors | TT_t0313p24q14ID105631 |
| External links |
| REVIEW articles | automatic search in PubMed |
| Last year publications | automatic search in PubMed |
| © Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Fri Feb 7 13:36:52 CET 2020 |
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