Fusion genes
(updated 2016) | CYB5A (18q22.3) / RPL10 (Xq28) | NSDHL (Xq28) / RPL10 (Xq28) | RPL10 (Xq28) / CSNK2A2 (16q21) |
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RPL10 (Xq28) / IQGAP2 (5q13.3) | RPL10 (Xq28) / KMT2B (19q13.12) | RPL10 (Xq28) / POLA1 (Xp22.11) |
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RPL10 (Xq28) / POLA2 (11q13.1) | RPL10 (Xq28) / RNF213 (17q25.3) | RPL10 (Xq28) / SCLY (2q37.3) |
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| Description | 214 amino acids; 24604 Da. The protein is a component of the large ribosomal (60S) subunit and belongs to the L10E family of ribosomal proteins. Three natural variants of the RPL10 protein, VAR_006922 (N202S, dbSNP rs4909 and dbSNP rs12012747), VAR_027795 (L206M), and VAR_027796 (H213Q) have been reported. |
| Expression | Ubiquitous. RPL10 is expressed in a wide variety of embryonic and adult tissues, down-regulated during adipocyte, kidney, and heart differentiation. |
| Localisation | Cytoplasm. |
| Function | The ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10), a member of the L10E family of ribosomal proteins, is a key protein in assembling 60S ribosomal subunit and organizes the architecture of the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site. RPL10 was originally identified as QM, a candidate for a Wilms' tumor suppressor; however, later studies did not support the original hypothesis. In vitro studies have shown the interaction of RPL10 with the transcript regulator the c-Jun, as well as with the proto-oncogene c-Yes; however, these interactions yet to demonstrate in vivo. |
| Homology | The percent identity below represents identity of RPL10 over an aligned region in UniGene.
- Mus musculus: 100 (percent identity)
- Xenopus tropicalis: 99.5
- Monodelphis domestica: 99.5
- Pan troglodytes: 99.5
- Xenopus laevis: 99.1
- Danio rerio: 97.7
- Drosophila melanogaster: 88.9
- Caenorhabditis elegans: 85.5
- Neurospora crassa: 84.7
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 78.3 |
| Note | |
| Entity | Prostatic adenocarcinoma |
| Note | RPL10 gene showed up-regulation in androgen-independent C81 passage cells, derived from the LNCaP cell model that recapitulates prostate cancer progression. In a study using immunohistochemical technique, human prostatic tissues showed expression of RPL10 protein in all normal prostate glands adjacent to prostate cancer and in various intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). However, in prostate cancer, the staining intensity and stained areas were decreased, compared to the normal glands and PIN lesions. There was an inverse correlation from normal to low-grade tumors and then to high-grade tumors. In high-grade tumors, the positive areas were mostly confined to peripheral aspects of tumors and were particularly strong in foci of perineural invasion. These results suggested that decreased RPL10 expression may be associated with early development of prostate cancer, but later a high level of RPL10 may facilitate progression of the tumors to a more aggressive phenotype. |
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| Entity | Ovarian cancer |
| Note | Both adenine (A)/guanine (G) replacement was detected at the 605th nucleotide which changes the coding from serine to asparagines in 17 (58.6%) of the 29 ovarian tumors studied. The frequencies of A/A, G/G and A/G homo- or hetero-zygosity were 3.5%, 37.9% and 58.6%, respectively in cancer tissues but they were 26.1%, 52.2% and 21.7%, respectively in the adjacent normal tissues, indicating a higher heterozygous rate in cancer (58.6% vs 21.7%, p<0.01). These results suggest that high frequencies of loss of the A/G heterozygosity at the 605th nt of the RPL10 gene may be associated with ovarian cancer. |
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| Entity | Wilms' tumor |
| Note | RPL10 was originally isolated by subtractive hybridization between a tumorigenic cell line (deleted for part of 11p) and a non-tumorigenic cell line (the tumorigenic cell line carrying an extra t(X;11) translocation chromosome). The RPL10 mRNA level was found modulated between the tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cell lines and suspected to be involved in the maintenance of the nontumorigenic phenotype. However, later study had shown that the RPL10 gene is X-linked and therefore not involved in suppression of tumorigenesis in Wilms' tumor. |
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| Reduction of QM protein expression correlates with tumor grade in prostatic adenocarcinoma. |
| Altinok G, Powell IJ, Che M, Hormont K, Sarkar FH, Sakr WA, Grignon D, Liao DJ. |
| Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2006;9(1):77-82. |
| PMID 16331298 |
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| The isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA demonstrating an altered mRNA level in nontumorigenic Wilms' microcell hybrid cells. |
| Dowdy SF, Lai KM, Weissman BE, Matsui Y, Hogan BL, Stanbridge EJ. |
| Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 25;19(20):5763-9. |
| PMID 1658743 |
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| An investigation of ribosomal protein L10 gene in autism spectrum disorders. |
| Gong X, Delorme R, Fauchereau F, Durand CM, Chaste P, Betancur C, Goubran-Botros H, Nygren G, Anckarsater H, Rastam M, Gillberg IC, Kopp S, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Bourgeron T. |
| BMC Med Genet. 2009 Jan 23;10:7. |
| PMID 19166581 |
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| Expression profile of differentially-regulated genes during progression of androgen-independent growth in human prostate cancer cells. |
| Karan D, Kelly DL, Rizzino A, Lin MF, Batra SK. |
| Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):967-75. |
| PMID 12082018 |
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| Mutations in the ribosomal protein gene RPL10 suggest a novel modulating disease mechanism for autism. |
| Klauck SM, Felder B, Kolb-Kokocinski A, Schuster C, Chiocchetti A, Schupp I, Wellenreuther R, Schmotzer G, Poustka F, Breitenbach-Koller L, Poustka A. |
| Mol Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;11(12):1073-84. Epub 2006 Aug 29. |
| PMID 16940977 |
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| Loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability at the Xq28 and the A/G heterozygosity of the QM gene are associated with ovarian cancer. |
| Shen XJ, Ali-Fehmi R, Weng CR, Sarkar FH, Grignon D, Liao DJ. |
| Cancer Biol Ther. 2006 May;5(5):523-8. Epub 2006 May 15. |
| PMID 16627977 |
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| The QM gene is X-linked and therefore not involved in suppression of tumorigenesis in Wilms' tumor. |
| van den Ouweland AM, Verdijk M, Mannens MM, van Oost BA. |
| Hum Genet. 1992 Sep-Oct;90(1-2):144-6. |
| PMID 1330878 |
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