SOX11 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 11)

	The human SOX11 gene. The only exon is indicated by the red box. The number above the box shows the size of the exon.
Description	The intronless gene encompasses 8718 base pairs and is located at 2p25.2.
Transcription	The mRNA SOX11 transcript contains one exon with 8718 base pairs.

	The human SOX11 protein and functional domains. Numbers indicate the amino acid positions at the beginning and the end of each domain. The grey bar shows the High-Mobility-Group (HMG) box DNA-binding domain; and the dark blue bar shows the TransActivation Domain (TAD).
Description	The human SOX11 protein has 441 amino acids and 46.7 KDa molecular weight. It contains two functional domains: a Sry-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) DNA-binding domain, located in the N-terminal third (47-122), and a transactivation domain (TAD), located at the C-terminus (408-441) (Dy et al., 2008; Penzo-Méndez, 2009).
Expression	SOX11 is widely expressed during organogenesis in the embryo and is highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system of the human fetus (Jay et al., 1995; Sock et al., 2004). SOX11 expression is more restricted by birth, and low transcript levels of SOX11 were detected in adult colon, small intestine, heart and brain (Weigle et al., 2005). High level of SOX11 mRNA is only present in normal prostate tissue (Brennan et al., 2009).
Localisation	Nucleus.
Function	SOX11 contains domains that may function as transcriptional activators or repressors and is a member of the group C SOX transcription factor family. It appears to have critical roles in embryonic neurogenesis and development of many organ systems including heart, palate and eyelids (Sock et al., 2004). SOX11 can, together with SOX4, regulate the differentiation of neuronal progenitors (Bergsland et al., 2006). SOX11 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of specific gene expression programs in adult neurogenesis at the stage of the immature neuron (Haslinger et al., 2009). SOX11 controls morphological maturation such as neurite growth (Jankowski et al., 2006) and modulates the regeneration following peripheral nerve injury (Jankowski et al., 2009). The class-III beta-tubulin gene TUBB3 is the first and still the unique gene to be identified as a direct target of SOX11 (Dy et al., 2008). SOX11 has been suggested to bind and regulate LINE retrotransposons (Tchénio, 2000).
Homology	The two domains are highly conserved regions between species (from human to fly). In the SOX C group, consisting of SOX4, SOX11 and SOX12, the HMG box and C33 domains are more highly conserved among Sox4 orthologues and SOX11 orthologues than among SOX12.

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