| Written | 2007-09 | Leri S. Faried, Ahmad Faried |
| Department of Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Japan (FLS); Department of Surgery I, Gunma University, Japan (FA). |
| Identity |
| Alias (NCBI) | SP17 | SP17-1 |
| HGNC (Hugo) | SPA17 |
| HGNC Alias symb | SP17 | CT22 |
| HGNC Alias name | cancer/testis antigen 22 |
| LocusID (NCBI) | 53340 |
| Atlas_Id | 42360 |
| Location | 11q24.2 [Link to chromosome band 11q24] |
| Location_base_pair | Starts at 124673844 and ends at 124694791 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009) [Mapping SPA17.png] |
| Fusion genes (updated 2017) | Data from Atlas, Mitelman, Cosmic Fusion, Fusion Cancer, TCGA fusion databases with official HUGO symbols (see references in chromosomal bands) |
| DNA/RNA |
| Description | The SPA17 gene contains 5 exons and 4 introns and was predicted to span over approximately 23 kb of the genomic DNA. The first exon is encodes solely the 5' untranslated sequence. The exon 2 encodes the first 51 amino acid residue. Exon 3 and 4 are only 71 and 87 bp length and contain coding region. Exon 5 contains stop codon and followed by 3' untranslated sequence. The size of introns 2, 3 and 4 were 5970, 10.235 and 2520 bp, respectively. |
| Transcription | Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for SP17-1 gene. This variant which was named SP17-1A and SP17-1B, both cDNA encodes identical protein sequence and only differed in 5' UTR part. One hundred percent homology can be detected from the poly A tail up to SP17-1 position -62 for variant A and -31 for variant B. |
| Pseudogene | There is one pseudogene, SP17-2 intronless gene has all the hallmark of retro-position giving rise to a pseudogene, located on chromosome 10. SP17-2 gene had 61 point mutations, 4 nucleotide insertions and 2 deletions leading to internal stop codons and frame shifts which do not result in ORF encoding a full-length SPA17 polypeptide. |
| Protein |
| Description | The SPA17 consists of 151 amino acids corresponding to a molecular weight of 17.4 kDa. SPA17 protein indicated to have functional role in cell regulation by its calmodulin binding site located at its C-terminal end. The N-terminal end of SPA17, similar to human cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase type II regulatory subunits (RII), may facilitate dimmer formation. SPA17's central domain is necessary for heparin-binding and exhibits the greatest sequence divergence of all three domains. This region plays an important role in cell-cell and/or cell matrix recognition process and/or cell regulation, possibly via its interaction with extra cellular heparin sulfate. |
| Expression | The SPA17 expression was originally found to be expressed exclusively in the testis. Recently, this gene also found in other somatic tissues. |
| Localisation | SPA17 is present throughout the cytoplasm and is particularly concentrated around the nucleus. It's also present on the surface of B-lymphocytes and granulocytes; T-lymphocytes and monocytes; most malignant B and T lymphocytes cell lines. |
| Function | SPA17 is highly antigenic, testes specific antigen and known have function to bind sperm to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. In addition, SPA17 may also have an alternative role in highly proliferating and neoplastic cells, such as a mediator of signal transduction, protein synthesis and/or unregulated growth. |
| Homology | The homologues of SPA17 protein sequences were found from eutherian and marsupial mammals, including rat, mouse, macaque, baboon, human, marmoset, rabbit, Monodelphis and wallaby. |
| Implicated in |
| Note | |
| Entity | Immune system |
| Disease | SPA17 is a highly immunogenic protein. More than 90% of male spontaneously developed B-cell immunity of SPA17 following vasectomy. SPA17 can be easily generated SPA17-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from peripheral blood of healthy donors and also from peripheral blood of cancer-bearing patients. SPA17 have been tested as tumor vaccines in a phase I study. In addition, SPA17 gene was described in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). |
| Entity | Malignancy |
| Disease | SPA17 reported to be over-expressed in female reproduction organ, multiple myeloma, esthesioneuroblastoma, nervous system tumors and esophageal cancer. |
| Prognosis | SPA17 expression closely related with poor prognosis in malignancy. |
| Oncogenesis | SPA17 was identified as a candidate gene related to chemoresistance of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary, which has a poor prognosis due to its chemoresistancy and early metastasis to the lymph nodes. |
| Bibliography |
| Genomic organization of an intron-containing sperm protein 17 gene (Sp17-1) and an intronless pseudogene (Sp17-2) in humans: a new model. |
| Buchli R, De Jong A, Robbins DL |
| Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2002 ; 1578 (1-3) : 29-42. |
| PMID 12393185 |
| Sperm protein 17 expression defines 2 subsets of primary esthesioneuroblastoma. |
| Bumm K, Grizzi F, Franceschini B, Koch M, Iro H, Wurm J, Ceva-Grimaldi G, Dimmler A, Cobos E, Dioguardi N, Sinha UK, Kast WM, Chiriva-Internati M |
| Human pathology. 2005 ; 36 (12) : 1289-1293. |
| PMID 16311122 |
| Successful generation of sperm protein 17 (Sp17)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from normal donors: implication for tumour-specific adoptive immunotherapy following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for Sp17-positive multiple myeloma. |
| Chiriva-Internati M, Wang Z, Salati E, Wroblewski D, Lim SH |
| Scandinavian journal of immunology. 2002 ; 56 (4) : 429-433. |
| PMID 12234264 |
| Characterization of sperm protein 17 in human somatic and neoplastic tissue. |
| De Jong A, Buchli R, Robbins D |
| Cancer letters. 2002 ; 186 (2) : 201-209. |
| PMID 12213290 |
| Sperm protein 17 is expressed in human nervous system tumours. |
| Grizzi F, Gaetani P, Franceschini B, Di Ieva A, Colombo P, Ceva-Grimaldi G, Bollati A, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Rodriguez y Baena R, Dioguardi N, Chiriva-Internati M |
| BMC cancer. 2006 ; 6 : page 23. |
| PMID 16438728 |
| Clinical significance of sperm protein 17 expression and immunogenicity in esophageal cancer. |
| Gupta G, Sharma R, Chattopadhyay TK, Gupta SD, Ralhan R |
| International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. 2007 ; 120 (8) : 1739-1747. |
| PMID 17230514 |
| Sperm protein 17 is expressed on normal and malignant lymphocytes and promotes heparan sulfate-mediated cell-cell adhesion. |
| Lacy HM, Sanderson RD |
| Blood. 2001 ; 98 (7) : 2160-2165. |
| PMID 11568003 |
| Autoimmunogenicity of the human sperm protein Sp17 in vasectomized men and identification of linear B cell epitopes. |
| Lea IA, Adoyo P, O'Rand MG |
| Fertility and sterility. 1997 ; 67 (2) : 355-361. |
| PMID 9022615 |
| Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding the human sperm protein, Sp17. |
| Lea IA, Richardson RT, Widgren EE, O'Rand MG |
| Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1996 ; 1307 (3) : 263-266. |
| PMID 8688458 |
| Idiotypic protein-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination in multiple myeloma. |
| Lim SH, Bailey-Wood R |
| International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. 1999 ; 83 (2) : 215-222. |
| PMID 10471530 |
| Sperm protein 17 is a novel cancer-testis antigen in multiple myeloma. |
| Lim SH, Wang Z, Chiriva-Internati M, Xue Y |
| Blood. 2001 ; 97 (5) : 1508-1510. |
| PMID 11222401 |
| Sperm protein 17 influences the tissue-specific malignancy of clear cell adenocarcinoma in human epithelial ovarian cancer. |
| Nakazato T, Kanuma T, Tamura T, Faried LS, Aoki H, Minegishi T |
| International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society. 2007 ; 17 (2) : 426-432. |
| PMID 17309563 |
| Characterization of the rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen, RSA, as a lectin-like zona binding protein. |
| O'Rand MG, Widgren EE, Fisher SJ |
| Developmental biology. 1988 ; 129 (1) : 231-240. |
| PMID 3410159 |
| Expression of sperm protein 17 (Sp17) in ovarian cancer. |
| Straughn JM Jr, Shaw DR, Guerrero A, Bhoola SM, Racelis A, Wang Z, Chiriva-Internati M, Grizzle WE, Alvarez RD, Lim SH, Strong TV |
| International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. 2004 ; 108 (6) : 805-811. |
| PMID 14712480 |
| cAMP-dependent protein kinase: framework for a diverse family of regulatory enzymes. |
| Taylor SS, Buechler JA, Yonemoto W |
| Annual review of biochemistry. 1990 ; 59 : 971-1005. |
| PMID 2165385 |
| Characterization of Sp17: a ubiquitous three domain protein that binds heparin. |
| Wen Y, Richardson RT, Widgren EE, O'Rand MG |
| The Biochemical journal. 2001 ; 357 (Pt 1) : 25-31. |
| PMID 11415432 |
| Citation |
| This paper should be referenced as such : |
| Faried, LS ; Faried, A |
| SPA17 (sperm autoantigenic protein 17) |
| Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2008;12(2):159-160. |
| Free journal version : [ pdf ] [ DOI ] |
| On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/SPA17ID42360ch11q24.html |
| External links |
| REVIEW articles | automatic search in PubMed |
| Last year publications | automatic search in PubMed |
| © Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Thu Jul 16 16:53:49 CEST 2020 |
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