ST6GALNAC1 (ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1)

Identity

Other names	HSY11339
	SIAT7A
	ST6GalNAcI
HGNC	ST6GALNAC1
Location	17q25.1
Local_order	72, 132,442-72, 151,489

DNA/RNA

	Figure 1. Genomic organization of human ST6GalNAc I gene. The gene is located on chromosome 17q25.1, spans 19.05 kb and contains 9 exons labeled El­E9. Figure 2. RT-PCR analysis of the expression of hST6GalNAc I in various human cancer lines
Description	ST6GalNAc I gene is located on chromosome 17, at location 72,132,442-72,151,489, spans 19.05 kb and contains 9 exons. The start of this gene is located in Contig AC005837.1.1.163218.
Transcription	Northern blot analysis has shown that ST6GalNAc I gene is expressed in pyloric mucosa as a single 2.5 kb transcript, but it is not expressed in spleen, brain, or pancreas. ST6GalNAc I transcripts were also detected in intestinal metaplasia and duodenal mucosa. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the localization of transcripts correlated well with that of STn antigen in gastric cancer cells and Goblet cells in intestinal metaplastic glands (Ikehara et al., 1999). RT-PCR analysis shows that ST6GalNAc I gene is expressed only in a limited number of cultured cancer cells, including HT29 and Dami cells (Figure 2). ST6GalNAc I ESTs have been obtained in bone marrow, cervix, esophagus, intestine, skeletal muscle, prostate, spleen, stomach, tongue and trachea, and in several cancer tissues, including cervical, esophageal, prostate, stomach and uterine cancers. Two cDNA of about 2.5 and 2.3 kp have been isolated. The longer cDNA encodes a 600 amino acids protein (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank # Y11339). The shorter cDNA shows a nucleotide sequence identical to that of the longer form except for the lack of a 234 bp segment at nucleotide positions 652-885 (relative to the ATG of the long-form (# Y11339)). The short-form cDNA would encode a protein that lacks a 78 amino acid fragment at positions 218-295 in the catalytic region (Ikehara et al., 1999).
Pseudogene	No ST6GalNAc I pseudogene has been identified in the human genome.

Protein

	Figure 3. Logos representing the ST6GalNAc A family-motifs. (Patel & Balaji, 2006). Figure 4. Sialylation reactions in the initial steps of the O-glycans biosynthesis. The name of the compound is indicated underneath the glycan structure. The sialic acid residue transferred is indicated in bold characters. The enzymes are indicated in italic and the question mark indicates that the enzyme is not characterized (from Harduin-Lepers et al. 2001).

Note	CMP-NeuAc: N-acetyl-galactosaminide-alpha1-O-Ser/Thr alpha2,6-sialyltransferase 1; synonyms: SIAT7A, HSY11339, hSTYI, ST6GalNAc I
Description	The human ST6GalNAc I (EC 2.4.99.3, CAZy Family GT29, CMP-NeuAc R-GalNAc-alpha1-O-Ser/Thr alpha2,6-sialyltransferase, with R = H, Gal-beta1-3, or NeuAc-alpha2-3Gal-beta1-3) is a 600 AA type II membrane-bound sialyltransferase. It shares the same typical organization with other Golgi glycosyltransferases with a short N-terminal domain in the cytoplasm of the cell, a trans-membrane domain (TMD), an unusually long stem region and a catalytic domain oriented in the lumen of Golgi cisternae. The enzyme possess the 4 signature motifs (sialylmotifs L, S, VS and motif III) of mammalian sialyltransferases (Harduin-Lepers et al., 2005; Jeanneau et al., 2004) and the ST6GalNAc A family-motifs (Patel & Balaji, 2006). No 3D structure is available. The enzyme transfers a sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) from CMP-NeuAc in the 6-position of a GalNAc residue linked to a serine or a threonine residue of a mucin-type glycopeptide or glycoprotein. The human ST6GalNAc I accepts the following structures as acceptor substrate: GalNAc-alpha-O-Ser/Thr, Gal-beta1-3GalNAc-alpha-O-Ser/Thr and Neu5Ac-alpha2-3Gal-beta1-3GalNAc-alpha-O-Ser/Thr (Ikehara et al., 1999).
Expression	The stable transfection of MDA-MB-231 or T47D breast cancer cells with an expression vector encoding ST6GalNAc I induces the expression of STn antigen at the cell surface, which is carried by several high molecular weight membrane bound O-glycoproteins, including MUC1 (Julien et al., 2001; Julien et al., 2005). Sialyl-Tn expression is associated with morphological changes, decreased growth and adhesion, and increased cell migration of sialyl-Tn positive clones. STn positive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells exhibit an increased tumor growth in SCID mice (Julien et al., 2006). The MKN45 gastric cell line stably transfected with the full length ST6GalNAc-I also showed high expression of Sialyl-Tn antigen (Marcos et al., 2004). In breast carcinomas, a complete correlation between the expression of ST6GalNAc-I and the expression of sialyl-Tn has been shown (Sewell et al., 2006).
Localisation	ST6GalNAc I is a Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase.
Function	The Human ST6GalNAc I is a sialyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moiety of mucin-type O-linked glycan chains, transferring a sialic acid residue in 6-position of the first GalNAc residue linked to the peptide aglycone. ST6GalNAc I is particularly involved in the biosynthesis of the sialyl-Tn antigen (STn, NeuAc-alpha2-6GalNAc-alpha1-O-Ser/Thr) and also participates to the biosynthesis of sialyl-6-T (Gal-beta1-3[NeuAc-alpha2-6]GalNAc-alpha1-O-Ser/Thr) and disialyl-T antigens (NeuAc-alpha2-3Gal-beta1-3[NeuAc-alpha2-6]GalNAc-alpha1-O-Ser/Thr) (Figure 4). ST6GalNAc I compete with O-glycans elongating glycosyltransferases and prevent cancer cells to exhibit longer O-glycans. While fetal and normal adult tissues weakly express STn, the antigen is over-expressed in a wide range of epithelial cancers and is considered as a good maker of tumor. The prognostic value of STn expression has been widely studied, especially in gastric, colorectal, ovarian and breast cancers, and is correlated to a decreased survival of the patients.
Homology	ST6GalNAc I is a sialyltransferase (GT-family #29 in the CAZy classification) belonging to the ST6GalNAc family . The amino acid sequence in the catalytic region of human ST6GalNAc I (250 amino acid residues from the C-terminal end) shows sequence identity to mouse ST6GalNAc I (85%), chick ST6GalNAc I (67.2%), 62% homology to human ST6GalNAc II, 36.4% to human ST6GalNAc III, 35.5% to human ST6GalNAc IV, 37.6% to human ST6GalNAc V, and 36.6% to human ST6GalNAc VI.

Mutations

Note	Mutation analysis showed a heterozygous transition (g.136T→C) leading to p.V80A with a frequency of 9.3% in 32 unrelated control individuals. No other exonic sequence variations were found. In addition, one intronic (g.IVS8­24G→A) and one 3'UTR SNP (g.1653A→G) were found (Meuleman et al., 2001).

Implicated in

Note	ST6GALNAC1 encodes a specific CMP-Neu5Ac: GalNAc a2,6-sialyltransferase termed ST6GalNAc I responsible for the biosynthesis of sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen (Ikehara et al., 1999). STn is over-expressed in a wide range of epithelial cancers and is considered as a good tumoral maker. However, its pattern of expression varies according to the cell morphology and differentiation, which depend on the cancer type. STn seems to be related to invasive behavior and metastatic potential of the cancer cells, while the involved mechanisms remain unclear. The prognostic value of STn expression has been widely studied, especially in pancreas, gastric, colorectal, and ovarian cancers and breast cancers. For all the cases, the antigen detection is correlated to a decreased survival of the patients.
Entity	Pancreas Cancer
Note	Enhanced expression of Tn and STn antigens is usually observed in pancreas cancer. STn is expressed in intra-epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas concomitantly with aberrant expression of MUC5AC and MUC6 gastric mucins (Kim et al., 2002). High serum concentrations of STn are also observed in pancreas carcinomas (Nanashima et al., 1999). STn appears to be a more specific tumor marker in pancreas cancer than Tn antigen (Ching et al., 1994). STn has been also reported in benign pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia stage III (PanIN3), the last histologic grade relevant to benign tumor before that the tumor become invasive (Hruban et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2002).
Prognosis	Poor, decreased survival of the patients
Entity	Gastric Cancer
Note	STn antigen is over-expressed in gastric carcinomas and associated with MUC1 mucin VNTR polymorphism (Santos-Silva et al., 2005). STn is also a useful predictor of poor prognosis in patients with advanced stomach cancer (Terashima et al., 1998). In particular, pre-operative serum levels of STn predict liver metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (Nakagoe et al., 2001). STn is able to modulate the malignant phenotype inducing a more aggressive cell behavior, a decreased cell-cell aggregation and an increased ECM adhesion, migration and invasion (Pinho et al., 2007). However, the expression of ST6GalNAc I is low in gastric carcinoma cell lines, in accordance with the low/absent expression of the STn (Ogata et al., 2001).
Prognosis	Poor, decreased survival of the patients
Entity	Colorectal Cancer
Note	STn is strongly expressed in a large number of colorectal carcinomas. However, not correlation was found between STn antigen tissue expression and ST6GalNAc I activity levels in colorectal cancer, in spite of the overexpression of the antigen in tumorous and transitional tissue (Vázquez-Martìn et al., 2004). The activity of core 1 beta3-Gal-transferase seems to be an important determinant of the STn phenotype of colon cancer cells (Brockhausen et al., 2001). Cell surface-expressed STn in colon cancer is predominantly carried on high molecular weight splice variants of CD44 (Singh et al., 2001). Pre-operative serum level of STn predicts recurrence after curative surgery in node-negative colorectal cancer patients (Takahashi et al., 1993).
Prognosis	Poor, decreased survival of the patients
Entity	Breast Cancer
Note	ST6GalNAc I is responsible for the synthesis of the tumor-associated STn O-glycan in human breast cancer (Sewell et al., 2006). However, established breast cancer cell-lines express neither ST6GalNAc I nor STn (Julien et al., 2001). Stable transfection of MDA-MB-231 cells with ST6GalNAc I cDNA induces STn antigen expression together with important modifications of the O-glycosylation pattern of MUC1 in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells (Julien et al., 2001; Julien et al., 2005). ST6GalNAc I expression induces a decrease of adhesion and an increase of migration of MDA-MB-231. Moreover, ST6GalNAc I positive clones exhibit an increased tumor growth in SCID mice, suggesting that ST6GalNAc I expression is sufficient to enhance the tumorigenicity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (Julien et al., 2006).
Prognosis	Poor, decreased survival of the patients

External links

	Nomenclature
HGNC	ST6GALNAC1   23614
Entrez_Gene	ST6GALNAC1  55808  ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1
	Cards
Atlas	ST6GALNAC1ID44087ch17q25
GeneCards	ST6GALNAC1
Ensembl	ST6GALNAC1 [Search_View]   ENSG00000070526 [Gene_View]
Genatlas	ST6GALNAC1
GeneLynx	ST6GALNAC1
eGenome	ST6GALNAC1
euGene	55808
	Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath	ST6GALNAC1  -  17q25.1   chr17:72132440-72151489 -  17q25.3   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
Ensembl	ST6GALNAC1 - 17q25.3 [CytoView]
NCBI	Mapview
OMIM	Disease map [OMIM]
HomoloGene	ST6GALNAC1
	Gene and transcription
Genbank	AK000113 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AK310906 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AY096001 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AY358918 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC022462 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NM_018414 [ SRS ]    NM_018414 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000060 [ SRS ]    AC_000060 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000149 [ SRS ]    AC_000149 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NC_000017 [ SRS ]    NC_000017 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NT_010641 [ SRS ]    NT_010641 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_001838454 [ SRS ]    NW_001838454 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_926918 [ SRS ]    NW_926918 [ ENTREZ ]
AceView	ST6GALNAC1 AceView - NCBI
Unigene	Hs.105352 [ SRS ]    Hs.105352 [ NCBI ]     HS105352 [ spliceNest ]
Fast-db	15151 (alternative variants)
	Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
SwissProt	Q8TBJ6 [ SRS]    Q8TBJ6 [ EXPASY ]     Q8TBJ6 [ INTERPRO ]     Q8TBJ6 [ UNIPROT ]
Interpro	IPR001675 Glyco_trans_29 [ SRS ]    IPR001675 Glyco_trans_29 [ EBI ]
CluSTr	Q8TBJ6
Pfam	PF00777 Glyco_transf_29 [ SRS ]    PF00777 Glyco_transf_29 [ Sanger ]    pfam00777 [ NCBI-CDD ]
Blocks	Q8TBJ6
HPRD	15340
	Protein Interaction databases
DIP	Q8TBJ6
IntAct	Q8TBJ6
	Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
OMIM	610138    [ map ]
GENECLINICS	610138
SNP	ST6GALNAC1 [dbSNP-NCBI]
SNP	NM_018414 [SNP-NCI]
SNP	ST6GALNAC1 [GeneSNPs - Utah]  ST6GALNAC1] [HGBASE - SRS]
HAPMAP	ST6GALNAC1 [HAPMAP]
HGMD	ST6GALNAC1
	General knowledge
Family Browser	ST6GALNAC1 [UCSC Family Browser]
SOURCE	NM_018414
SMD	Hs.105352
SAGE	Hs.105352
GO	Golgi membrane [Amigo]  Golgi membrane
GO	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity [Amigo]  alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
GO	Golgi apparatus [Amigo]  Golgi apparatus
GO	protein amino acid glycosylation [Amigo]  protein amino acid glycosylation
GO	protein amino acid glycosylation [Amigo]  protein amino acid glycosylation
GO	sialyltransferase activity [Amigo]  sialyltransferase activity
GO	membrane [Amigo]  membrane
GO	integral to membrane [Amigo]  integral to membrane
GO	integral to Golgi membrane [Amigo]  integral to Golgi membrane
KEGG	O-Glycan biosynthesis
KEGG	Glycan structures - biosynthesis 1
PubGene	ST6GALNAC1
TreeFam	ST6GALNAC1
CTD	55808 [Comparative ToxicoGenomics Database]
	Other databases
Other database	http://www.cazy.org/fam/GT29.html
	Probes
Probe	ST6GALNAC1 Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
	PubMed
PubMed	9 Pubmed reference(s) in LocusLink

Bibliography

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PMID 8364861

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PMID 7846011

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PMID 9697259

Cloning and expression of a human gene encoding an N-acetylgalactosamine-alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GalNAc I): a candidate for synthesis of cancer-associated sialyl-Tn antigens.

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PMID 10536037

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PMID 10955772

Pathways of mucin O-glycosylation in normal and malignant rat colonic epithelial cells reveal a mechanism for cancer-associated Sialyl-Tn antigen expression.

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Biological chemistry. 2001 ; 382 (2) : 219-232.

PMID 11308020

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PMID 11530204

Expression of sialyl-Tn antigen in breast cancer cells transfected with the human CMP-Neu5Ac: GalNAc alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GalNac I) cDNA.

Julien S, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Harduin-Lepers A, Gouyer V, Huet G, Le Bourhis X, Delannoy P

Glycoconjugate journal. 2001 ; 18 (11-12) : 883-893.

PMID 12820722

Mutation analysis of 4 candidate genes for hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA).

Meuleman J, Kuhlenbˆ§umer G, Audenaert D, Hˆºnermund G, Hor H, Young P, Stˆ�gbauer F, Ringelstein EB, Van Broeckhoven C, De Jonghe P, Timmerman V

Human genetics. 2001 ; 108 (5) : 390-393.

PMID 11409865

Pre-operative serum levels of sialyl Tn antigen predict liver metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

Nakagoe T, Sawai T, Tsuji T, Jibiki M, Nanashima A, Yamaguchi H, Yasutake T, Ayabe H, Arisawa K, Ishikawa H

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. 2001 ; 27 (8) : 731-739.

PMID 11735169

Gene therapy of cystic fibrosis (CF) airways: a review emphasizing targeting with lactose.

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Glycoconjugate journal. 2001 ; 18 (9) : 731-740.

PMID 12386459

Cell surface-expressed Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in colon cancer is predominantly carried on high molecular weight splice variants of CD44.

Singh R, Campbell BJ, Yu LG, Fernig DG, Milton JD, Goodlad RA, FitzGerald AJ, Rhodes JM

Glycobiology. 2001 ; 11 (7) : 587-592.

PMID 11447138

Aberrant expression of MUC5AC and MUC6 gastric mucins and sialyl Tn antigen in intraepithelial neoplasms of the pancreas.

Kim GE, Bae HI, Park HU, Kuan SF, Crawley SC, Ho JJ, Kim YS

Gastroenterology. 2002 ; 123 (4) : 1052-1060.

PMID 12360467

Structure-function analysis of the human sialyltransferase ST3Gal I: role of n-glycosylation and a novel conserved sialylmotif.

Jeanneau C, Chazalet V, Augˆ© C, Soumpasis DM, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Imberty A, Breton C

The Journal of biological chemistry. 2004 ; 279 (14) : 13461-13468.

PMID 14722111

Role of the human ST6GalNAc-I and ST6GalNAc-II in the synthesis of the cancer-associated sialyl-Tn antigen.

Marcos NT, Pinho S, Grandela C, Cruz A, Samyn-Petit B, Harduin-Lepers A, Almeida R, Silva F, Morais V, Costa J, Kihlberg J, Clausen H, Reis CA

Cancer research. 2004 ; 64 (19) : 7050-7057.

PMID 15466199

Correlation analysis between tumor-associated antigen sialyl-Tn expression and ST6GalNAc I activity in human colon adenocarcinoma.

Vˆ°zquez-Martˆ‚n C, Cuevas E, Gil-Martˆ‚n E, Fernˆ°ndez-Briera A

Oncology. 2004 ; 67 (2) : 159-165.

PMID 15539921

Stable expression of sialyl-Tn antigen in T47-D cells induces a decrease of cell adhesion and an increase of cell migration.

Julien S, Lagadec C, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Courtand G, Le Bourhis X, Delannoy P

Breast cancer research and treatment. 2005 ; 90 (1) : 77-84.

PMID 15770530

The animal sialyltransferases and sialyltransferase-related genes: a phylogenetic approach.

Harduin-Lepers A, Mollicone R, Delannoy P, Oriol R

Glycobiology. 2005 ; 15 (8) : 805-817.

PMID 15843597

Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen expression in gastric carcinomas is associated with MUC1 mucin VNTR polymorphism.

Santos-Silva F, Fonseca A, Caffrey T, Carvalho F, Mesquita P, Reis C, Almeida R, David L, Hollingsworth MA

Glycobiology. 2005 ; 15 (5) : 511-517.

PMID 15604091

ST6GalNAc I expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells greatly modifies their O-glycosylation pattern and enhances their tumourigenicity.

Julien S, Adriaenssens E, Ottenberg K, Furlan A, Courtand G, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Hanisch FG, Delannoy P, Le Bourhis X

Glycobiology. 2006 ; 16 (1) : 54-64.

PMID 16135558

Identification of linkage-specific sequence motifs in sialyltransferases.

Patel RY, Balaji PV

Glycobiology. 2006 ; 16 (2) : 108-116.

PMID 16207893

The ST6GalNAc-I sialyltransferase localizes throughout the Golgi and is responsible for the synthesis of the tumor-associated sialyl-Tn O-glycan in human breast cancer.

Sewell R, Bˆ§ckstrˆ�m M, Dalziel M, Gschmeissner S, Karlsson H, Noll T, Gˆ§tgens J, Clausen H, Hansson GC, Burchell J, Taylor-Papadimitriou J

The Journal of biological chemistry. 2006 ; 281 (6) : 3586-3594.

PMID 16319059

Biological significance of cancer-associated sialyl-Tn antigen: modulation of malignant phenotype in gastric carcinoma cells.

Pinho S, Marcos NT, Ferreira B, Carvalho AS, Oliveira MJ, Santos-Silva F, Harduin-Lepers A, Reis CA

Cancer letters. 2007 ; 249 (2) : 157-170.

PMID 16965854

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Contributor(s)

Written	03-2008	Philippe Delannoy, Anne Harduin-Lepers, Marie-Ange Krzewinski-Recchi
		Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :

Delannoy P, Harduin-Lepers A, Krzewinski-Recchi MA . ST6GALNAC1 (ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. March 2008 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/ST6GALNAC1ID44087ch17q25.html

© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

indexed on : Mon Aug 11 21:17:43 2008