SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase)

Identity

HGNC	SYK
Location	9q22

DNA/RNA

Transcription

2639 mRNA complete codons

Protein

Description	635 amino acids, 72 kDa in the long isoform; contains in N-term 2 tandem SH2 (SRC homology 2) domains separated y an interdomain A, an interdomain B, and a protein kinase domain in C-term; contains a number of autophosphorylation sites on tyrosines; the short form, 612 amino acids, lacks part of interdomain B
Expression	wide
Function	non-receptor type protein-tyrosine kinase; tyrosine phosphorylation of many proteins; role in signaling pathways;SYK is activated by oxidative stress; putative tumor suppressor; role in the differentiation of B-cells and many other cell types

Mutations

Somatic

ETV6-SYK hybrid gene can be created by t(9;12) translocation (see below); SYK can also be inactivated by epigenetic modifications (i.e. hypermethylation)

Implicated in

Entity	t(9;12)(q22;p12)
Disease	found in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome
Oncogenesis	ETV6-SYK is constituvely tyrosine phosphorylated
Entity	Breast cancer
Oncogenesis	SYK has been found inactivated in a subset of breast cancers

External links

	Nomenclature
HGNC	SYK   11491
Entrez_Gene	SYK  6850  spleen tyrosine kinase
	Cards
Atlas	SYKID394
GeneCards	SYK
Ensembl	SYK [Search_View]   ENSG00000165025 [Gene_View]
Genatlas	SYK
GeneLynx	SYK
eGenome	SYK
euGene	6850
	Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath	SYK  -  9q22   chr9:92603891-92698304 +  9q22   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
Ensembl	SYK - 9q22 [CytoView]
NCBI	Mapview
OMIM	Disease map [OMIM]
HomoloGene	SYK
	Gene and transcription
Genbank	AK075020 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AK290927 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC001645 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC002962 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	BC011399 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NM_003177 [ SRS ]    NM_003177 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000052 [ SRS ]    AC_000052 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000141 [ SRS ]    AC_000141 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NC_000009 [ SRS ]    NC_000009 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NT_008470 [ SRS ]    NT_008470 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_001839228 [ SRS ]    NW_001839228 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_924484 [ SRS ]    NW_924484 [ ENTREZ ]
AceView	SYK AceView - NCBI
Unigene	Hs.371720 [ SRS ]    Hs.371720 [ NCBI ]     HS371720 [ spliceNest ]
Fast-db	10554 (alternative variants)
	Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
SwissProt	P43405 [ SRS]    P43405 [ EXPASY ]     P43405 [ INTERPRO ]     P43405 [ UNIPROT ]
Prosite	PS00107 PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP [ SRS ]    PS00107 PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS50011 PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM [ SRS ]    PS50011 PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS00109 PROTEIN_KINASE_TYR [ SRS ]    PS00109 PROTEIN_KINASE_TYR [ Expasy ]
Prosite	PS50001 SH2 [ SRS ]    PS50001 SH2 [ Expasy ]
Interpro	IPR000719 Prot_kinase_core [ SRS ]    IPR000719 Prot_kinase_core [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_bd_CS [ SRS ]    IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_bd_CS [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR000980 SH2 [ SRS ]    IPR000980 SH2 [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR012234 Tyr_kinase_SYK [ SRS ]    IPR012234 Tyr_kinase_SYK [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR001245 Tyr_pkinase [ SRS ]    IPR001245 Tyr_pkinase [ EBI ]
Interpro	IPR008266 Tyr_pkinase_AS [ SRS ]    IPR008266 Tyr_pkinase_AS [ EBI ]
CluSTr	P43405
Pfam	PF07714 Pkinase_Tyr [ SRS ]    PF07714 Pkinase_Tyr [ Sanger ]    pfam07714 [ NCBI-CDD ]
Pfam	PF00017 SH2 [ SRS ]    PF00017 SH2 [ Sanger ]    pfam00017 [ NCBI-CDD ]
Smart	SM00252 SH2 [EMBL]
Smart	SM00219 TyrKc [EMBL]
Prodom	PD000001 Prot_kinase[INRA-Toulouse]
Prodom	P43405 KSYK_HUMAN [ Domain structure ]   P43405 KSYK_HUMAN  [ sequences sharing at least 1 domain ]
Prodom	PD000001[INRA-Toulouse]
Prodom	P43405 KSYK_HUMAN [ Domain structure ]   P43405 KSYK_HUMAN  [ sequences sharing at least 1 domain ]
Blocks	P43405
PDB	1A81 [ SRS ]    1A81 [ PdbSum ],   1A81 [ IMB ]   1A81 [ RSDB ]
PDB	1CSY [ SRS ]    1CSY [ PdbSum ],   1CSY [ IMB ]   1CSY [ RSDB ]
PDB	1CSZ [ SRS ]    1CSZ [ PdbSum ],   1CSZ [ IMB ]   1CSZ [ RSDB ]
PDB	1XBA [ SRS ]    1XBA [ PdbSum ],   1XBA [ IMB ]   1XBA [ RSDB ]
PDB	1XBB [ SRS ]    1XBB [ PdbSum ],   1XBB [ IMB ]   1XBB [ RSDB ]
PDB	1XBC [ SRS ]    1XBC [ PdbSum ],   1XBC [ IMB ]   1XBC [ RSDB ]
HPRD	02514
	Protein Interaction databases
DIP	P43405
IntAct	P43405
	Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
OMIM	600085    [ map ]
GENECLINICS	600085
SNP	SYK [dbSNP-NCBI]
SNP	NM_003177 [SNP-NCI]
SNP	SYK [GeneSNPs - Utah]  SYK] [HGBASE - SRS]
HAPMAP	SYK [HAPMAP]
COSMIC	SYK [Somatic mutation (COSMIC-CGP-Sanger)]
TICdb	SYK [Translocation breakpoints In Cancer]
HGMD	SYK
	General knowledge
Family Browser	SYK [UCSC Family Browser]
SOURCE	NM_003177
SMD	Hs.371720
SAGE	Hs.371720
Enzyme	2.7.10.2 [ Enzyme-Expasy ]   2.7.10.2 [ Enzyme-SRS ]   2.7.10.2 [ IntEnz-EBI ]   2.7.10.2 [ BRENDA ]   2.7.10.2 [ KEGG ]   2.7.10.2 [ WIT ]
GO	nucleotide binding [Amigo]  nucleotide binding
GO	serotonin secretion [Amigo]  serotonin secretion
GO	non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity [Amigo]  non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity
GO	receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity [Amigo]  receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity
GO	integrin binding [Amigo]  integrin binding
GO	protein binding [Amigo]  protein binding
GO	ATP binding [Amigo]  ATP binding
GO	cytoplasm [Amigo]  cytoplasm
GO	plasma membrane [Amigo]  plasma membrane
GO	protein complex assembly [Amigo]  protein complex assembly
GO	leukocyte adhesion [Amigo]  leukocyte adhesion
GO	enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway [Amigo]  enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway
GO	integrin-mediated signaling pathway [Amigo]  integrin-mediated signaling pathway
GO	intracellular signaling cascade [Amigo]  intracellular signaling cascade
GO	activation of JNK activity [Amigo]  activation of JNK activity
GO	cell proliferation [Amigo]  cell proliferation
GO	organ morphogenesis [Amigo]  organ morphogenesis
GO	transferase activity [Amigo]  transferase activity
GO	leukotriene biosynthetic process [Amigo]  leukotriene biosynthetic process
GO	B cell receptor complex [Amigo]  B cell receptor complex
GO	neutrophil chemotaxis [Amigo]  neutrophil chemotaxis
GO	T cell receptor complex [Amigo]  T cell receptor complex
GO	positive regulation of mast cell degranulation [Amigo]  positive regulation of mast cell degranulation
GO	beta selection [Amigo]  beta selection
GO	interspecies interaction between organisms [Amigo]  interspecies interaction between organisms
GO	positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process [Amigo]  positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
GO	positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process [Amigo]  positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
GO	positive regulation of B cell differentiation [Amigo]  positive regulation of B cell differentiation
GO	positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation [Amigo]  positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
GO	positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation [Amigo]  positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO	positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation [Amigo]  positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO	protein amino acid autophosphorylation [Amigo]  protein amino acid autophosphorylation
GO	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation [Amigo]  positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
GO	positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling [Amigo]  positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
GO	B cell receptor signaling pathway [Amigo]  B cell receptor signaling pathway
BIOCARTA	BCR Signaling Pathway    [Genes]
BIOCARTA	Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells    [Genes]
BIOCARTA	IL 2 signaling pathway    [Genes]
BIOCARTA	IL-2 Receptor Beta Chain in T cell Activation    [Genes]
BIOCARTA	Ras-Independent pathway in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity    [Genes]
BIOCARTA	Aspirin Blocks Signaling Pathway Involved in Platelet Activation    [Genes]
KEGG	Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
KEGG	B cell receptor signaling pathway
KEGG	Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
PubGene	SYK
TreeFam	SYK
CTD	6850 [Comparative ToxicoGenomics Database]
	Other databases
	Probes
Probe	SYK Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
	PubMed
PubMed	182 Pubmed reference(s) in LocusLink

Bibliography

Hypermethylation leads to silencing of the SYK gene in human breast cancer.

Yuan Y, Mendez R, Sahin A, Dai JL

Cancer research. 2001 ; 61 (14) : 5558-5561.

PMID 11454707

Syk: a new player in the field of breast cancer.

Stewart ZA, Pietenpol JA

Breast cancer research : BCR. 2001 ; 3 (1) : 5-7.

PMID 11250739

Structure and function of Syk protein-tyrosine kinase.

Sada K, Takano T, Yanagi S, Yamamura H

Journal of biochemistry. 2001 ; 130 (2) : 177-186.

PMID 11481033

Constitutive kinase activation of the TEL-Syk fusion gene in myelodysplastic syndrome with t(9;12)(q22;p12).

Kuno Y, Abe A, Emi N, Iida M, Yokozawa T, Towatari M, Tanimoto M, Saito H

Blood. 2001 ; 97 (4) : 1050-1055.

PMID 11159536

REVIEW articles	automatic search in PubMed
Last year publications	automatic search in PubMed

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Contributor(s)

Written	02-2002	Jean-Loup Huret

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :

Huret JL . SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. February 2002 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/SYKID394.html

© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

indexed on : Mon Aug 11 21:17:46 2008