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SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase)

Identity

HGNC (Hugo) SYK
Location 9q22
Location_base_pair Starts at 92603833 and ends at 92700653 bp from pter ( according to hg18-Mar_2006)  [Mapping]

DNA/RNA

Transcription 2639 mRNA complete codons

Protein

Description 635 amino acids, 72 kDa in the long isoform; contains in N-term 2 tandem SH2 (SRC homology 2) domains separated y an interdomain A, an interdomain B, and a protein kinase domain in C-term; contains a number of autophosphorylation sites on tyrosines; the short form, 612 amino acids, lacks part of interdomain B
Expression wide
Function non-receptor type protein-tyrosine kinase; tyrosine phosphorylation of many proteins; role in signaling pathways;SYK is activated by oxidative stress; putative tumor suppressor; role in the differentiation of B-cells and many other cell types

Mutations

Somatic ETV6-SYK hybrid gene can be created by t(9;12) translocation (see below); SYK can also be inactivated by epigenetic modifications (i.e. hypermethylation)

Implicated in

Entity t(9;12)(q22;p12)
Disease found in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome
Oncogenesis ETV6-SYK is constituvely tyrosine phosphorylated
  
Entity Breast cancer
Oncogenesis SYK has been found inactivated in a subset of breast cancers
  

External links

Nomenclature
HGNC (Hugo)SYK   11491
Entrez_Gene (NCBI)SYK  6850  spleen tyrosine kinase
Cards
AtlasSYKID394
GeneCards (Weizmann)SYK
Ensembl (Hinxton)ENSG00000165025 [Gene_View]  SYK [Vega]
AceView (NCBI)SYK
Genatlas (Paris)SYK
euGene (Indiana)6850
SOURCE (Stanford)NM_001135052 NM_003177
Gene Expression (Array Express) ENSG00000165025
Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath (UCSC)SYK  -  9q22   chr9:92603833-92700653 +  9q22   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
EnsemblSYK - 9q22 [CytoView]
Mapping of homologs : NCBISYK [Mapview]
OMIM600085   
Gene and transcription
Gene : Genbank (Entrez)AJ420449 AK057772 AK075020 AK094808 AK290927
Reference sequence (RefSeq transcript) :SRSNM_001135052 NM_003177
Reference transcript : EntrezNM_001135052 NM_003177
RefSeq genomic : SRSAC_000052 AC_000141 NC_000009 NT_008470 NW_001839228 NW_924484
RefSeq genomic : EntrezAC_000052 AC_000141 NC_000009 NT_008470 NW_001839228 NW_924484
Consensus coding sequences : CCDS NCBISYK
Cluster EST : UnigeneHs.371720 [ SRS ] Hs.371720 [ NCBI ]
Alternative Splicing : Fast-db (Paris)10554
Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
Protein : UniProt/SwissProtP43405 (SRS) P43405 (Expasy) P43405 (Uniprot)
With graphics : InterProP43405
Splice isoforms : VarSplice FASTAP43405(VarSplice FASTA)
Domaine pattern : Prosite (SRS)PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP (PS00107)    PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM (PS50011)    PROTEIN_KINASE_TYR (PS00109)    SH2 (PS50001)   
Domain pattern : Prosite (Expaxy)PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP (PS00107)    PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM (PS50011)    PROTEIN_KINASE_TYR (PS00109)    SH2 (PS50001)   
Domains : Interpro (SRS)Kinase-like_dom    Prot_kinase_cat_dom    Protein_kinase_ATP_BS    SH2    Tyr_kinase_non-rcpt_SYK/ZAP70    Tyr_prot_kinase    Tyr_prot_kinase_AS    Tyr_prot_kinase_cat_dom    Tyr_prot_kinase_subgr_cat_dom   
Domains : Interpro (EBI)Kinase-like_dom    Prot_kinase_cat_dom    Protein_kinase_ATP_BS    SH2    Tyr_kinase_non-rcpt_SYK/ZAP70    Tyr_prot_kinase    Tyr_prot_kinase_AS    Tyr_prot_kinase_cat_dom    Tyr_prot_kinase_subgr_cat_dom   
Related proteins : CluSTrP43405
Domain families : Pfam SRSPkinase_Tyr (PF07714)    SH2 (PF00017)   
Domain families : Pfam SangerPkinase_Tyr (PF07714)    SH2 (PF00017)   
Domain families : Pfam NCBIpfam07714    pfam00017   
Domain families : Smart EMBLSH2 (SM00252)  TyrKc (SM00219)  
Blocks (Seattle)P43405
Crystal structure of protein : PDB SRS1A81    1CSY    1CSZ    1XBA    1XBB    1XBC    3BUW    3EMG    3FQE    3FQH    3FQS   
Crystal structure of protein : PDBSum1A81    1CSY    1CSZ    1XBA    1XBB    1XBC    3BUW    3EMG    3FQE    3FQH    3FQS   
Crystal structure of protein : IMB1A81    1CSY    1CSZ    1XBA    1XBB    1XBC    3BUW    3EMG    3FQE    3FQH    3FQS   
Crystal structure of protein : PDB RSDB1A81    1CSY    1CSZ    1XBA    1XBB    1XBC    3BUW    3EMG    3FQE    3FQH    3FQS   
HPRD02514
Protein Interaction databases
DIP (DOE-UCLA)P43405
IntAct (EBI)P43405
Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) : dbSNP NCBISYK
SNP : GeneSNP UtahSYK
SNP : HGBaseSYK
Genetic variants : HAPMAPSYK
Cancer Gene: CensusSYK 
Somatic Mutations in Cancer : COSMICSYK 
Translocation Breakpoints in Cancer : TICdbSYK 
Mutations and Diseases : HGMDSYK
Hereditary diseases : OMIM600085   
Hereditary diseases : GENETests600085   
Diseases : Genetic AssociationSYK
General knowledge
Homologs : HomoloGeneSYK
Homology/Alignments : Family Browser UCSCSYK
Phylogenetic Trees/Animal Genes : TreeFamSYK
Catalytic activity : Enzyme2.7.10.2 [ Enzyme-Expasy ]   2.7.10.2 [ Enzyme-SRS ]   2.7.10.2 [ IntEnz-EBI ]   2.7.10.2 [ BRENDA ]   2.7.10.2 [ KEGG ]   
Chemical/Protein Interactions : CTD6850
Keywords Ontology : AmiGOnucleotide binding  serotonin secretion  non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity  receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity  integrin binding  ATP binding  cytoplasm  protein complex assembly  leukocyte adhesion  enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway  integrin-mediated signaling pathway  intracellular signaling cascade  activation of JUN kinase activity  cell proliferation  organ morphogenesis  transferase activity  leukotriene biosynthetic process  B cell receptor complex  protein domain specific binding  neutrophil chemotaxis  T cell receptor complex  positive regulation of mast cell degranulation  beta selection  interspecies interaction between organisms  positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process  positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process  positive regulation of B cell differentiation  positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation  positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation  positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation  protein amino acid autophosphorylation  positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation  regulation of immune response  positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling  B cell receptor signaling pathway  
Keywords Ontology : EGO-EBInucleotide binding  serotonin secretion  non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity  receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity  integrin binding  ATP binding  cytoplasm  protein complex assembly  leukocyte adhesion  enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway  integrin-mediated signaling pathway  intracellular signaling cascade  activation of JUN kinase activity  cell proliferation  organ morphogenesis  transferase activity  leukotriene biosynthetic process  B cell receptor complex  protein domain specific binding  neutrophil chemotaxis  T cell receptor complex  positive regulation of mast cell degranulation  beta selection  interspecies interaction between organisms  positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process  positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process  positive regulation of B cell differentiation  positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation  positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation  positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation  protein amino acid autophosphorylation  positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation  regulation of immune response  positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling  B cell receptor signaling pathway  
Pathways : BIOCARTABCR Signaling Pathway [Genes]    Fc Epsilon Receptor I Signaling in Mast Cells [Genes]    IL 2 signaling pathway [Genes]    IL-2 Receptor Beta Chain in T cell Activation [Genes]    Ras-Independent pathway in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity [Genes]    Aspirin Blocks Signaling Pathway Involved in Platelet Activation [Genes]   
Pathways : KEGGNatural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityB cell receptor signaling pathwayFc epsilon RI signaling pathway
Other databases
Probes
Probes : ImagenesSYK Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
Literature
PubMed226 Pubmed reference(s) in Entrez
PubGeneSYK

Bibliography

Hypermethylation leads to silencing of the SYK gene in human breast cancer.
Yuan Y, Mendez R, Sahin A, Dai JL
Cancer research. 2001 ; 61 (14) : 5558-5561.
PMID 11454707
 
Syk: a new player in the field of breast cancer.
Stewart ZA, Pietenpol JA
Breast cancer research : BCR. 2001 ; 3 (1) : 5-7.
PMID 11250739
 
Structure and function of Syk protein-tyrosine kinase.
Sada K, Takano T, Yanagi S, Yamamura H
Journal of biochemistry. 2001 ; 130 (2) : 177-186.
PMID 11481033
 
Constitutive kinase activation of the TEL-Syk fusion gene in myelodysplastic syndrome with t(9;12)(q22;p12).
Kuno Y, Abe A, Emi N, Iida M, Yokozawa T, Towatari M, Tanimoto M, Saito H
Blood. 2001 ; 97 (4) : 1050-1055.
PMID 11159536
 
REVIEW articlesautomatic search in PubMed
Last year publicationsautomatic search in PubMed

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Contributor(s)

Written02-2002Jean-Loup Huret

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :
Huret JL . SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. February 2002 .
URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/SYKID394.html

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indexed on : Sat Feb 27 10:52:30 CET 2010

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