TNS4 (tensin 4)

Note	It was found that the human cten gene is located on chromosome 17q12-21 and has 12 exons. The SH2 domains bind ligands containing pTyr residues within a specific sequence and high affinity binding is provided by the pTyr residue itself and by subsequent residues toward the COOH-terminal.
	Figure 1. Analysis of cten amino acid sequence. A. The cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of human cten. The potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites are in bold. B. Organization of human cten gene. Exon/intron boundaries were determined by comparison of sequences of genomic DNA and cDNA. In the splice site, exon sequences are indicated by uppercase letters, and intron sequences are indicated by lowercase letters. Codon phase refers to the codon split at the splice acceptor. Introns that do not split codon triplets are indicated by phase 0, interruption after the first nucleotide is indicated by codon phase I, and interruption after the second nucleotide is indicated by codon phase II. N indicates noncoding region. Numbers in the brackets indicate the sizes of the corresponding exons in human tensin 1 and tensin 2, respectively.

Note	TNS4, as the others tensins, contains a phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB), which plays the role of interacting with the cytoplasmic tail of the β-integrin. Also they all contain, at the C-terminal, Src homology domain 2 (SH2 domain). While tensin 1, tensin 2 and tensin 3 interact with actin at multiple sites in the N-terminal, tensin 4 (Cten) lacks the n-terminal region actin binding domain (ABD). TNS4 has only one focal adhesion binding (FAB) domains in C- terminal while others have it in both N- and C-terminals.
	Figure 2. Schematic structure of tensins. The C-terminus of tensin contains SH2 and PTB domains, allowing TNS4 to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and β integrin respectively. The FAB domain is present in the C-terminal region, and it involved in mediating binding of tensin 4 to other focal adhesion molecules.
Expression	The expression of Cten messenger RNA (mRNA) was evaluated in normal tissues by K. Sakashita et al. using the human total RNA master panel and found that Cten is expressed at high levels in prostate, oesophagus, breast and salivary glands. Moderate Cten expression was found in the thyroid and trachea. In contrast, very low expression was reported in colon, lung, small intestine, spleen, kidney, stomach and testis.
Localisation	It is localized to focal adhesions.
Function	The TNS4 is having a role in the cell motility by enhancing the migration as well as the invasion too. Also TNS4 is found to play a central role in HGF-induced tubulogenesis. The role of TNS4 on cell proliferation is found to be minimal and not up to the level of the effect of migration. By enhancing the motility and having the effect on the tubulogenesis, TNS4 is believed to have a role in cancer cell metastasis.

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