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TSC2

Identity

HGNC (Hugo) TSC2
Location 16p13.3
Location_base_pair Starts at 2037991 and ends at 2078714 bp from pter ( according to hg18-Mar_2006)  [Mapping]

DNA/RNA

Description 41 exons; spans 41kb
Transcription At least 3 alternate splicings; 5.5kb mRNA complete cds; coding sequence: CDS 19-5442

Protein

Description Tuberin; 1807 amino acids; 190 kDaltons
Expression Expressed in most embryonic and adult tissues
Localisation Cytoplasmic
Function Potential GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rap1a and/or Rab5; Interacts with hamartin ( TSC1 gene product) and Rabaptin-5
Homology 188 residues at the COOH terminus have homology to Rap/Ran GAP

Mutations

Germinal Large genomic deletions in <10% of cases; point mutations widely dispersed, with no cluster; truncating effect in 2/3 of cases
Somatic loss-of-heterozygosity in 2/3 of renal angiomyolipomas; Somatic mutations in angiomyolipomas and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cells from women with sporadic LAM

Implicated in

Entity Tuberous Sclerosis Comples (TSC)
Disease Autosomal dominant disease characterized by seizures, mental retardation, autism, benign tumors of the brain, heart, skin, kidney, and malignant kidney tumors.
  
Entity Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
Disease Lung disease affecting almost exclusively women, characterized by diffuse bilateral proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs
  

External links

Nomenclature
HGNC (Hugo)TSC2   12363
Entrez_Gene (NCBI)TSC2  7249  tuberous sclerosis 2
Cards
AtlasTSC2ID184
GeneCards (Weizmann)TSC2
Ensembl (Hinxton)ENSG00000103197 [Gene_View]  TSC2 [Vega]
AceView (NCBI)TSC2
Genatlas (Paris)TSC2
euGene (Indiana)7249
SOURCE (Stanford)NM_000548 NM_001077183 NM_001114382
Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath (UCSC)TSC2  -  16p13.3   chr16:2037991-2078714 +  16p13.3   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
EnsemblTSC2 - 16p13.3 [CytoView]
Mapping of homologs : NCBITSC2 [Mapview]
OMIM191092   191100   606690   
Gene and transcription
Gene : Genbank (Entrez)AB210000 AK022401 AK094152 AK125096 AK295672
Reference sequence (RefSeq transcript) :SRSNM_000548 NM_001077183 NM_001114382
Reference transcript : EntrezNM_000548 NM_001077183 NM_001114382
RefSeq genomic : SRSAC_000059 AC_000148 NC_000016 NG_005895 NG_008412 NG_008617 NT_037887 NW_001838339 NW_926018
RefSeq genomic : EntrezAC_000059 AC_000148 NC_000016 NG_005895 NG_008412 NG_008617 NT_037887 NW_001838339 NW_926018
Consensus coding sequences : CCDS NCBITSC2
Cluster EST : UnigeneHs.90303 [ SRS ] Hs.90303 [ NCBI ]
Alternative Splicing : Fast-db (Paris)1851
Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
Protein : UniProt/SwissProtP49815 (SRS) P49815 (Expasy) P49815 (Uniprot)
With graphics : InterProP49815
Splice isoforms : VarSplice FASTAP49815(VarSplice FASTA)
Domaine pattern : Prosite (SRS)RAPGAP (PS50085)   
Domain pattern : Prosite (Expaxy)RAPGAP (PS50085)   
Domains : Interpro (SRS)Rap_GAP    Tuberin   
Domains : Interpro (EBI)Rap_GAP    Tuberin   
Related proteins : CluSTrP49815
Domain families : Pfam SRSRap_GAP (PF02145)    Tuberin (PF03542)   
Domain families : Pfam SangerRap_GAP (PF02145)    Tuberin (PF03542)   
Domain families : Pfam NCBIpfam02145    pfam03542   
Blocks (Seattle)P49815
Crystal structure of protein : PDB SRS
Crystal structure of protein : PDBSum
Crystal structure of protein : IMB
Crystal structure of protein : PDB RSDB
HPRD01850
Protein Interaction databases
DIP (DOE-UCLA)P49815
IntAct (EBI)P49815
Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) : dbSNP NCBITSC2
SNP : GeneSNP UtahTSC2
SNP : HGBaseTSC2
Genetic variants : HAPMAPTSC2
Somatic Mutations in Cancer : COSMICTSC2 
Mutations and Diseases : HGMDTSC2
Hereditary diseases : OMIM191092    191100    606690   
Hereditary diseases : GENETests191092    191100    606690   
Diseases : Genetic AssociationTSC2
General knowledge
Homologs : HomoloGeneTSC2
Homology/Alignments : Family Browser UCSCTSC2
Phylogenetic Trees/Animal Genes : TreeFamTSC2
Chemical/Protein Interactions : CTD7249
Keywords Ontology : AmiGOneural tube closure  GTPase activator activity  protein binding  intracellular  membrane fraction  nucleus  nucleus  cytoplasm  cytoplasm  Golgi apparatus  Golgi apparatus  cytosol  cytosol  negative regulation of protein kinase activity  protein import into nucleus  heart development  protein localization  negative regulation of cell proliferation  negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade  membrane  regulation of endocytosis  TSC1-TSC2 complex  protein homodimerization activity  positive regulation of GTPase activity  negative regulation of cell cycle  regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway  insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway  perinuclear region of cytoplasm  positive chemotaxis  regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction  negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade  
Keywords Ontology : EGO-EBIneural tube closure  GTPase activator activity  protein binding  intracellular  membrane fraction  nucleus  nucleus  cytoplasm  cytoplasm  Golgi apparatus  Golgi apparatus  cytosol  cytosol  negative regulation of protein kinase activity  protein import into nucleus  heart development  protein localization  negative regulation of cell proliferation  negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade  membrane  regulation of endocytosis  TSC1-TSC2 complex  protein homodimerization activity  positive regulation of GTPase activity  negative regulation of cell cycle  regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway  insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway  perinuclear region of cytoplasm  positive chemotaxis  regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction  negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade  
Pathways : BIOCARTAmTOR Signaling Pathway [Genes]    Control of Gene Expression by Vitamin D Receptor [Genes]   
Pathways : KEGGmTOR signaling pathwayInsulin signaling pathway
Other databases
Other databasehttp://zk.bwh.harvard.edu/ts/TSC2-19.htm
Probes
Probes : ImagenesTSC2 Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
Literature
PubMed174 Pubmed reference(s) in Entrez
PubGeneTSC2

Bibliography

Identification and characterization of the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16.
European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium, European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium
Cell. 1993 ; 75 (7) : 1305-1315.
PMID 8269512
 
9q34 loss of heterozygosity in a tuberous sclerosis astrocytoma suggests a growth suppressor-like activity also for the TSC1 gene.
Carbonara C, Longa L, Grosso E, Borrone C, Garrˆ® MG, Brisigotti M, Migone N
Human molecular genetics. 1994 ; 3 (10) : 1829-1832.
PMID 7849708
 
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16p13.3 in hamartomas from tuberous sclerosis patients.
Green AJ, Smith M, Yates JR
Nature genetics. 1994 ; 6 (2) : 193-196.
PMID 8162074
 
Loss of heterozygosity in the tuberous sclerosis (TSC2) region of chromosome band 16p13 occurs in sporadic as well as TSC-associated renal angiomyolipomas.
Henske EP, Neumann HP, Scheithauer BW, Herbst EW, Short MP, Kwiatkowski DJ
Genes, chromosomes & cancer. 1995 ; 13 (4) : 295-298.
PMID 7547639
 
Identification of tuberin, the tuberous sclerosis-2 product. Tuberin possesses specific Rap1GAP activity.
Wienecke R, Kˆnig A, DeClue JE
The Journal of biological chemistry. 1995 ; 270 (27) : 16409-16414.
PMID 7608212
 
Role of the tuberous sclerosis gene-2 product in cell cycle control. Loss of the tuberous sclerosis gene-2 induces quiescent cells to enter S phase.
Soucek T, Pusch O, Wienecke R, DeClue JE, Hengstschlˆ§ger M
The Journal of biological chemistry. 1997 ; 272 (46) : 29301-29308.
PMID 9361010
 
The tuberous sclerosis 2 gene product, tuberin, functions as a Rab5 GTPase activating protein (GAP) in modulating endocytosis.
Xiao GH, Shoarinejad F, Jin F, Golemis EA, Yeung RS
The Journal of biological chemistry. 1997 ; 272 (10) : 6097-6100.
PMID 9045618
 
Tuberous sclerosis gene 2 product modulates transcription mediated by steroid hormone receptor family members.
Henry KW, Yuan X, Koszewski NJ, Onda H, Kwiatkowski DJ, Noonan DJ
The Journal of biological chemistry. 1998 ; 273 (32) : 20535-20539.
PMID 9685410
 
Hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) gene, interacts with tuberin and appears to be localized to cytoplasmic vesicles.
Plank TL, Yeung RS, Henske EP
Cancer research. 1998 ; 58 (21) : 4766-4770.
PMID 9809973
 
Interaction between hamartin and tuberin, the TSC1 and TSC2 gene products.
van Slegtenhorst M, Nellist M, Nagelkerken B, Cheadle J, Snell R, van den Ouweland A, Reuser A, Sampson J, Halley D, van der Sluijs P
Human molecular genetics. 1998 ; 7 (6) : 1053-1057.
PMID 9580671
 
gigas, a Drosophila homolog of tuberous sclerosis gene product-2, regulates the cell cycle.
Ito N, Rubin GM
Cell. 1999 ; 96 (4) : 529-539.
PMID 10052455
 
Renal carcinogenesis, hepatic hemangiomatosis, and embryonic lethality caused by a germ-line Tsc2 mutation in mice.
Kobayashi T, Minowa O, Kuno J, Mitani H, Hino O, Noda T
Cancer research. 1999 ; 59 (6) : 1206-1211.
PMID 10096549
 
Tsc2(+/-) mice develop tumors in multiple sites that express gelsolin and are influenced by genetic background.
Onda H, Lueck A, Marks PW, Warren HB, Kwiatkowski DJ
The Journal of clinical investigation. 1999 ; 104 (6) : 687-695.
PMID 10491404
 
Mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex gene TSC2 are a cause of sporadic pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Carsillo T, Astrinidis A, Henske EP
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000 ; 97 (11) : 6085-6090.
PMID 10823953
 
A germ-line Tsc1 mutation causes tumor development and embryonic lethality that are similar, but not identical to, those caused by Tsc2 mutation in mice.
Kobayashi T, Minowa O, Sugitani Y, Takai S, Mitani H, Kobayashi E, Noda T, Hino O
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001 ; 98 (15) : 8762-8767.
PMID 11438694
 
REVIEW articlesautomatic search in PubMed
Last year publicationsautomatic search in PubMed

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Contributor(s)

Written11-2001Aristotelis Astrinidis and Elizabeth Petri Henske
Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia PA 19111, USA

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :
Astrinidis A, Petri Henske E . TSC2. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. November 2001 .
URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/TSC2ID184.html

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indexed on : Sat Jun 27 16:38:51 CEST 2009

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