CASE REPORTS in HAEMATOLOGY (Paper co-edited with the European LeukemiaNet)

Trisomy 16 and 18 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient with ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement

Written	2011-03	Adriana Zamecnikova
		Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Dep of Hematology, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Kuwait

Clinics

Age and sex :	3 year(s) old female patient.
Previous History :	no preleukemia
	no previous malignant disease
	no inborn condition of note

Organomegaly : no hepatomegaly ; no splenomegaly ; no enlarged lymph nodes ; no central nervous system involvement

Blood

WBC : 3.2 x 109/L ; Hb : 9.8 g/dL ; platelets : 52 x 109/L; blasts : 29 % (Neutrohils 8 Lymphocytes 61% Eosinophils 2% atypical lymphocytes 29%).

Bone marrow : Hypercellular, with 70% lymphoblasts replacing normal marrow elements

Cyto pathology classification

Cytology : ALL

Immunophenotype : Positive for CD10 (90%), CD19 (81%), CD22 (81 %), 13 (61%), 33 (82%), 79a (38%), 34 (82%), HLDR (90%) and TdT (56%)

Precise diagnosis : B-lineage ALL

Survival

Date of diagnosis: 01-2011

Karyotype

Sample : Bone marrow ; culture time : 24 h ; banding : G-band

Results : 48,XX,+16,+18

Other molecular cytogenetics technics : Fluorescence in situ hybridization with LSI TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1), LSI IGH/BCL2 and LSI CBFB probes

Other molecular cytogenetics results : Applying the LSI TEL-AML1 probe on bone marrow cells we detected in 70% of cells fusion signal for TEL-AML1. Applying the LSI IGH/BCL2 and LSI CBFB probes on metaphases we detected 3 copies for BCL2 and CBFB confirming the presence of extra chromosomes 16 and 18.

Other molecular studies

technics : RT-PCR for TEL-AML1

results : Positive

Karyotype of the patient showing the presence of extra chromosomes 16 and 18 (A). Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies with LSI IGH/BCL2 and CBFB probes showing the presence of 3 copies of BCL2 and CBFB probes on chromosomes 16 and 18 (B). Hybridization with LSI TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) probe showing the fusion signals on interphase cells (C).

Comments

Current evidence suggests that in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(12;21), while the translocation may initiate the leukemic process, secondary genetic events are believed to be pivotal in disease promotion. We report a case of a patient displaying trisomy 16 and 18 as the sole cytogenetic anomaly detected by karyotyping. The patient, a previously healthy 3 years old female presented with fever and pancytopenia. Immunophenotyping showed B-lineage ALL, with aberrant expression of myeloid markers. Chromosome analysis performed at diagnosis revealed extra copies of chromosomes 16 and 18 in all the 20 examined metaphases. Fluorescence in situ studies revealed ETV6-RUNX1 fusion signal in 70% of cells and the rearrangement was confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. While extra copies of chromosomes 16 and 18 may be observed in pediatric ALL patients with hyperdiploid karyotypes suggesting that they may exists as an evolutionary change, isolated trisomy 16 or 18 have been reported only rarely. A case similar to ours was previously reported in a child cytogenetically characterized by an isolated trisomy 16 and ETV6-RUNX1 fusion. Our case together with the previously reported case of B-cell ALL with ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement suggests that trisomy of chromosome 16 and is an important additional or secondary genetic event in childhood ALL with ETV6-RUNX1 fusion. In addition, several cases of pediatric ALL with isolated trisomy 16 or 18 were reported potentially harboring the ETV6-RUNX1 rearrangement. As the translocation t(12;21) usually escapes diagnosis on conventional karyotyping, our case further reinforces the importance of fluorescence in situ hybridization studies in pediatric leukemias to reveal cryptic genomic rearrangements in addition to visible cytogenetic changes.

Internal links

Atlas Card	+16 or trisomy 16 (solely)
Atlas Card	+18 or trisomy 18 in lymphoproliferative disorders

Bibliography

Prognostic significance of karyotype analysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Ankathil R, Stephen J, Vasudevan DM, Kusumakumary P, Pillai GR, Nair MK.

Hematol Oncol. 1992 Nov-Dec;10(6):339-44.

PMID 1296934

The TEL-AML1 fusion accompanied by loss of the untranslocated TEL allele in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood.

Kempski HM, Sturt NT.

Leuk Lymphoma. 2000 Dec;40(1-2):39-47.

PMID 11426627

Trisomy 16 as the sole anomaly in hematological malignancies. Three new cases and a short review.

Guillaume B, Ameye G, Dierlamm J, Verhoef G, Duhem C, Ferrant A, Hagemeijer A, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Michaux L.

Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2001 Jul 15;128(2):168-71.

PMID 11463459

TEL/AML1 rearrangement and the prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Hong Kong.

Tsang KS, Li CK, Chik KW, Shing MM, Tsoi WC, Ng MH, Lau TT, Leung Y, Yuen PM.

Am J Hematol. 2001 Oct;68(2):91-8.

PMID 11559948

Incidence and relevance of secondary chromosome abnormalities in childhood TEL/AML1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an interphase FISH analysis.

Attarbaschi A, Mann G, Konig M, Dworzak MN, Trebo MM, Muhlegger N, Gadner H, Haas OA; Austrian Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster cooperative study group.

Leukemia. 2004 Oct;18(10):1611-6.

PMID 15356655

Prospective analysis of TEL gene rearrangements in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group study.

Rubnitz JE, Wichlan D, Devidas M, Shuster J, Linda SB, Kurtzberg J, Bell B, Hunger SP, Chauvenet A, Pui CH, Camitta B, Pullen J; Children's Oncology Group.

J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 1;26(13):2186-91.

PMID 18445843

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :

Free journal version : [ pdf ]   [ DOI ]

On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Reports/tri16tri18ZamecnikID100049.html

© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

indexed on : Fri Jun 22 18:22:25 CEST 2018

For comments and suggestions or contributions, please contact us