Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS)

2012-07-01   John A McGrath  

St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Kings College London (Guys Campus), London, United Kingdom

Identity

Name

Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS)

Alias

Keratosis palmoplantaris with cystic eyelids, hypodontia, and hypotrichosis. , Eccrine tumours with ectodermal dysplasia.

Note

SSPS is an eponymous form of ectodermal dysplasia first described in 1971 by Erwin Schöpf, Johann Schulz and Eberhard Passarge in a report of two sisters with eyelid cysts, hypodontia, hypotrichosis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and nail dystrophy.

Inheritance

Autosomal recessive. Fewer than 100 cases of SSPS have been reported. Heterozygous carriers may show some ectodermal anomalies (predominantly hair\/nails in females, teeth in males).

Omim

224750

Mesh

C565607

Orphanet

50944 Schöpf syndrome

Umls

-

Clinics

Phenotype and clinics

SSPS is characterized by eyelid cysts (apocrine hidrocystomas), palmoplantar keratoderma, hypodontia, hyperhidrosis, hypotrichosis and onychodystrophy, as well as other, often variable, ectodermal developmental anomalies (Schöpf et al., 1971; Monk et al., 1992). SSPS shows clinical overlap with odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia (OODD), but the eyelid cysts are a typical sign of SSPS. Some features may not present until adulthood and diagnosis can be delayed (Granger et al., 2012). The presence of ectodermal abnormalities in some carriers can lead to confusion in the mode of inheritance (Craigen et al., 1997).
Atlas Image
Eyelid cysts (apocrine hidrocystomas) that can also extend to the peri-ocular regions and nasal bridge.

Neoplastic risk

The neoplastic risk in SSPS is controversial. Some authors consider that SSPS can be associated with an increased risk of benign as well as malignant skin tumours (Monk et al., 1992). Reports include an increased incidence of benign adnexal tumours, such as eyelid hidrocystomas or eccrine syringofibroadenomas (Starink, 1997), and possibly a higher risk of malignant skin tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and eccrine porocarcinoma (Bohring et al., 2009; Monk et al., 1992; Starink, 1997).

Treatment

There is no effective treatment for SSPS. Hyperhidrosis of the palms may respond partially to tap water iontophoresis (although use of anti-cholinergics may induce excessive systemic side-effects such as dry mouth, dizziness and drowsiness). Systemic retinoids can exacerbate skin peeling, although low doses may help some individuals. The apocrine hidrocystomas can be improved by electrocautery. Regular skin examination to detect non-melanoma skin cancer may be advisable. Regular dental care\/surgery is indicated in most cases. Hair\/nail cosmesis may help some individuals. Psychological support should be offered, as necessary.

Evolution

Many of the features of ectodermal dysplasia only manifest or worsen during adulthood. In some individuals with SSPS, the apocrine hidrocystomas tend to become larger and more numerous with age.

Prognosis

Life expectancy is normal ; the main challenge is the symptomatic management of whichever ectodermal pathologies cause the patient the most concern.

Genes involved and Proteins

Note

WNT10A is a key signalling molecule that regulates cell-cell interactions and which is involved in multiple developmental processes in embryogenesis. In adult tissues it inhibits the β-catenin degradation complex and is involved in hair follicle and tooth morphogenesis (Logan and Nusse, 2004).

Article Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
178470072007Mutation in WNT10A is associated with an autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia: the odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia.Adaimy L et al
195593982009WNT10A mutations are a frequent cause of a broad spectrum of ectodermal dysplasias with sex-biased manifestation pattern in heterozygotes.Bohring A et al
211434692011Two families confirm Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome as a discrete entity within the WNT10A phenotypic spectrum.Castori M et al
209792332011Only four genes (EDA1, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A) account for 90% of hypohidrotic/anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia cases.Cluzeau C et al
92172191997Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome with an unusual pattern of inheritance.Craigen WJ et al
226708712013Late diagnosis of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome.Granger RH et al
154738602004The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease.Logan CY et al
16376911992Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome.Monk BE et al
204180692010Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome resulting from a homozygous nonsense mutation in WNT10A.Nagy N et al
218348232011Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome resulting from a homozygous nonsense mutation, p.Cys107X, in WNT10A.Petrof G et al
42813271971Syndrome of cystic eyelids, palmo-plantar keratosis, hypodontia and hypotrichosis as a possible autosomal recessive trait.Schöpf E et al
90927431997Eccrine syringofibroadenoma: multiple lesions representing a new cutaneous marker of the Schöpf syndrome, and solitary nonhereditary tumors.Starink TM et al
201634102010Phenotypic variability associated with WNT10A nonsense mutations.Van Geel M et al
212793062011Intra-familial variability of ectodermal defects associated with WNT10A mutations.Wedgeworth EK et al