GHRL (ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide)

2001-03-01   Catherine Tomasetto  

I.G.B.M.C., BP 163, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France

Identity

HGNC
GHRL
LOCATION
3p25.3
IMAGE
Atlas Image
LEGEND
Probe(s) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics
LOCUSID
51738
ALIAS
MTLRP

DNA/RNA

Transcription

600 bp, two mRNAs are encoded by the same genes, they are identical except for the lack of one codon (CAG) located at an exon intron boundary.

Proteins

Description

  • two precursor s of 117 and 116 amino acids encoding preproGhrelin/MTLRP and prepro-des-Gln14-Ghrelin/ delta Gln14 MTLRP, respectively. The 28 amino-acids Ghrelin/MTLRP and the 27 amino-acids des-Gln14-Ghrelin/delta Gln14 MTLRP are modified post-translationally by the addition of a n-octanoic acid on Serine 3.
  • The 28 amino acids Ghrelin/MTLRP is produced from a protein precursor of 117 residues that contains a signal peptide from residues 1to 23, the ghrelin/MTLRP moity from residues 24 to 51, the MTLRP-associated peptide moity from residues 52 to 117.
  • The 27 amino acids des-Gln14-Ghrelin/delta Gln 14 MTLRP is produced from a protein precursor of 116 residues identical to the 117 aa precursor excep that the des-Gln14-Ghrelin/delta Gln14 MTLRP moity corresponds to residues 24 to 50 and accordingly the MTLRP-associated peptide moity from resisues 51 to 116.

    • Expression

    Ghrelin/MTLRP is mainly expressed by the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach; its expression decreased gradually along the gastro-intestinal tract and a faint expression was also detected in testis. By Immnunochemistry Ghrelin-immuno reactive neurons were found in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.

    Localisation

    As a peptide hormone Ghrelin/MTLRP is secreted in the blood.

    Function

    As the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) receptor, Ghrelin/MTLRP is involved in the pulsatile secretion of Growth hormone. In addition to this role Ghrelin/MTLRP is in the regulation of feeding. In rodent In contrast to leptin, Ghrelin/MTLRP promotes food intake and obesity. In addition Ghrelin/MTLRP stimulates motricity of the gastrointestinal tract and acid secretion.

    Homology

    ppGhrelin/MTLRP share 47% of similarity with the precursor of Motilin. In addition Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) and Motilin receptor (GPR38) share 52% identity.

    Implicated in

    Article Bibliography

    Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
    108018612000Purification and characterization of rat des-Gln14-Ghrelin, a second endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.Hosoda H et al
    106044701999Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.Kojima M et al
    110275672000Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats.Masuda Y et al
    111966432001A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding.Nakazato M et al
    109303752000Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone: the motilin-related peptide.Tomasetto C et al
    110576702000Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents.Tschöp M et al
    110895702000The novel hypothalamic peptide ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion.Wren AM et al

    Other Information

    Locus ID:

    NCBI: 51738
    MIM: 605353
    HGNC: 18129
    Ensembl: ENSG00000157017

    Variants:

    dbSNP: 51738
    ClinVar: 51738
    TCGA: ENSG00000157017
    COSMIC: GHRL

    RNA/Proteins

    Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000287656Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000335542Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000422159Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000425479E7ESW0
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000429122Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000430179Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000437422Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000439975Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000446937A8DN24
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000449238Q9UBU3
    ENSG00000157017ENST00000457360Q9UBU3

    Expression (GTEx)

    0
    50
    100
    150
    Adipose - Subcutaneous
    Adipose - Visceral
    Adrenal Gland
    Artery - Aorta
    Artery - Tibial
    Bladder
    Brain - Amygdala
    Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex
    Brain - Caudate
    Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere
    Brain - Cerebellum
    Brain - Cortex
    Brain - Frontal Cortex
    Brain - Hippocampus
    Brain - Hypothalamus
    Brain - Nucleus accumbens
    Brain - Putamen
    Brain - Spinal cord
    Brain - Substantia nigra
    Breast - Mammary Tissue
    Cells - Cultured fibroblasts
    Cells - EBV - transformed lymphocytes
    Cervix - Ectocervix
    Cervix - Endocervix
    Colon - Sigmoid
    Colon - Transverse
    Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction
    Esophagus - Mucosa
    Esophagus - Muscularis
    Fallopian Tube
    Heart - Atrial Appendage
    Heart - Left Ventricle
    Kidney - Cortex
    Kidney - Medulla
    Liver
    Lung
    Minor Salivary Gland
    Muscle - Skeletal
    Nerve - Tibial
    Ovary
    Pancreas
    Pituitary
    Prostate
    Skin - Not Sun Exposed
    Skin - Sun Exposed
    Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum
    Spleen
    Stomach
    Testis
    Thyroid
    Uterus
    Vagina
    Whole Blood

    Pathways

    PathwaySourceExternal ID
    cAMP signaling pathwayKEGGhsa04024
    cAMP signaling pathwayKEGGko04024
    Metabolism of proteinsREACTOMER-HSA-392499
    Peptide hormone metabolismREACTOMER-HSA-2980736
    Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of GhrelinREACTOMER-HSA-422085
    Signal TransductionREACTOMER-HSA-162582
    Signaling by GPCRREACTOMER-HSA-372790
    GPCR ligand bindingREACTOMER-HSA-500792
    Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)REACTOMER-HSA-373076
    Peptide ligand-binding receptorsREACTOMER-HSA-375276
    GPCR downstream signalingREACTOMER-HSA-388396
    G alpha (q) signalling eventsREACTOMER-HSA-416476
    Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPKREACTOMER-HSA-881907

    Protein levels (Protein atlas)

    Not detected
    Low
    Medium
    High
    cerebral cortex
    cerebellum
    hippocampus
    caudate
    thyroid gland
    parathyroid gland
    adrenal gland
    nasopharynx
    bronchus
    lung
    oral mucosa
    salivary gland
    esophagus
    stomach 1
    stomach 2
    duodenum
    small intestine
    colon
    rectum
    liver
    gallbladder
    pancreas
    kidney
    urinary bladder
    testis
    epididymis
    seminal vesicle
    prostate
    vagina
    ovary
    fallopian tube
    endometrium 1
    endometrium 2
    cervix, uterine
    placenta
    breast
    heart muscle
    smooth muscle
    skeletal muscle
    soft tissue 1
    soft tissue 2
    adipose tissue
    skin 1
    skin 2
    appendix
    spleen
    lymph node
    tonsil
    bone marrow

    PharmGKB

    Entity IDNameTypeEvidenceAssociationPKPDPMIDs
    PA128406954Weight gainDiseaseMultilinkAnnotationassociated24279860

    References

    Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
    329211672023Ghrelin intronic lncRNAs, lnc-GHRL-3:2 and lnc-GHRL-3:3, as novel biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus.2
    365432832023Ghrelin proteolysis increases in plasma of men, but not women, with obesity.0
    367401322023How gut hormones shape reward: A systematic review of the role of ghrelin and GLP-1 in human fMRI.6
    372372412023LNX2 involves in the role of ghrelin to promote the neuronal differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.0
    377159842023Effect of the GHRL gene (rs696217) polymorphism on the metabolic disorders in patients with obesity in the Ukrainian population.0
    377351882023Ameliorative effects of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: role of leptin and ghrelin.1
    381276882023GHRL, LEP, LEPR genes polymorphism and their association with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.0
    329211672023Ghrelin intronic lncRNAs, lnc-GHRL-3:2 and lnc-GHRL-3:3, as novel biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus.2
    365432832023Ghrelin proteolysis increases in plasma of men, but not women, with obesity.0
    367401322023How gut hormones shape reward: A systematic review of the role of ghrelin and GLP-1 in human fMRI.6
    372372412023LNX2 involves in the role of ghrelin to promote the neuronal differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.0
    377159842023Effect of the GHRL gene (rs696217) polymorphism on the metabolic disorders in patients with obesity in the Ukrainian population.0
    377351882023Ameliorative effects of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: role of leptin and ghrelin.1
    381276882023GHRL, LEP, LEPR genes polymorphism and their association with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.0
    333732702022Ghrelin as a prominent endocrine factor in stress-induced obesity.4

    Citation

    Catherine Tomasetto

    GHRL (ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide)

    Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2001-03-01

    Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/327