GPR68 (G protein-coupled receptor 68)
2008-12-01 Yan Xu AffiliationDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St IB355A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Identity
HGNC
LOCATION
14q32.11
IMAGE
LEGEND
Picture from Entrez Gene.
LOCUSID
ALIAS
AI2A6,GPR12A,OGR1
FUSION GENES
DNA/RNA
Note
GPR68 (OGR1) is a proton sensing receptor. Its physiological role need to be further investigated.
Picture from Entrez Gene.
Description
The open reading frame of GPR68 is encoded by a single exon (1095 bp) located at chromosome 14q31.
Transcription
GPR68 transcripts of ~3.0 kb in human.
Proteins
Description
Size: 365 amino acids.
Expression
GPR68 is expressed in blood; bone; brain; connective tissue; embryonic tissue; eye; heart, intestine; lung; pancreas; placenta; peripheral blood leukocyte, prostate; skin; stomach; thymus; uterus; chondrosarcoma; leukemia; normal; pancreatic cancer; small intestine, soft tissue/muscle tissue tumor; spleen, stomach tumor; testis, uterine tumor; embryo; fetus; adult.
Localisation
Cell membrane
Function
Osteoclastogenesis
Homology
OGR1, GPR4, G2A, and TDAG8 share 40% to 50% homology with each other and seem to form a family of GPCRs. GPCRs form homo- and hetero-dimers or -oligomers. Although GPR4 and OGR1 share more than 50% homology, GPR4 forms strong homo- and hetero-dimers with LPA and S1P receptors, but OGR1 forms very weak homo-dimer and relatively weak hetero-dimers with other receptors.
Implicated in
Entity name
Prostate cancer
Note
Down regulated in metastatic prostate cancer.
Oncogenesis
OGR1 is down regulated in metastatic prostate cancer tissues and over-expression OGR1 in prostate cancer cells suppress tumor metastasis. Thus, OGR1 has been considered as a tumor metastasis suppressor genes for prostate cancer (Singh et al., 2007).
Article Bibliography
| Pubmed ID | Last Year | Title | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16490345 | 2006 | Sphingosylphosphorylcholine enhances calcium entry in thyroid FRO cells by a mechanism dependent on protein kinase C. | Afrasiabi E et al |
| 7498459 | 1995 | Cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution of two related G protein-coupled receptor candidates expressed prominently in human lung tissue. | An S et al |
| 18847331 | 2009 | Metabolic acidosis increases intracellular calcium in bone cells through activation of the proton receptor OGR1. | Frick KK et al |
| 17720533 | 2007 | Nociceptors of dorsal root ganglion express proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors. | Huang CW et al |
| 18485712 | 2008 | Extracellular acidification elicits spatially and temporally distinct Ca2+ signals. | Huang WC et al |
| 16297340 | 2005 | Two ligands for a GPCR, proton vs lysolipid. | Im DS et al |
| 17576169 | 2007 | RGS18 acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis by modulating the acid-sensing OGR1/NFAT signaling pathway. | Iwai K et al |
| 15258916 | 2004 | Novel clusters of receptors for sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosylphosphorylcholine, and (lyso)-phosphatidic acid: new receptors for "old" ligands. | Kostenis E et al |
| 12955148 | 2003 | Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors. | Ludwig MG et al |
| 17078925 | 2007 | Lysophospholipid receptors: signalling, pharmacology and regulation by lysophospholipid metabolism. | Meyer zu Heringdorf D et al |
| 16210776 | 2005 | Sphingosylphosphorylcholine antagonizes proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1)-mediated inositol phosphate production and cAMP accumulation. | Mogi C et al |
| 17964236 | 2008 | Extracellular acidification enhances osteoclast survival through an NFAT-independent, protein kinase C-dependent pathway. | Pereverzev A et al |
| 15665078 | 2005 | Differential proton sensitivity of related G protein-coupled receptors T cell death-associated gene 8 and G2A expressed in immune cells. | Radu CG et al |
| 17118800 | 2006 | Receptors for protons or lipid messengers or both? | Seuwen K et al |
| 17728215 | 2007 | Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, a new metastasis suppressor gene in prostate cancer. | Singh LS et al |
| 16014326 | 2005 | Proton-sensing and lysolipid-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors: a novel type of multi-functional receptors. | Tomura H et al |
| 18302504 | 2008 | Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in response to acidic pH through OGR1 in a human osteoblastic cell line. | Tomura H et al |
| 8661159 | 1996 | Identification of human OGR1, a novel G protein-coupled receptor that maps to chromosome 14. | Xu Y et al |
| 16787916 | 2006 | Expression of and role for ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) during osteoclastogenesis. | Yang M et al |
| 17023202 | 2006 | Homo- and hetero-dimerization of LPA/S1P receptors, OGR1 and GPR4. | Zaslavsky A et al |
Other Information
Locus ID:
NCBI: 8111
MIM: 601404
HGNC: 4519
Ensembl: ENSG00000119714
Variants:
dbSNP: 8111
ClinVar: 8111
TCGA: ENSG00000119714
COSMIC: GPR68
RNA/Proteins
| Gene ID | Transcript ID | Uniprot |
|---|---|---|
| ENSG00000119714 | ENST00000529102 | E9PNU7 |
| ENSG00000119714 | ENST00000531499 | Q15743 |
| ENSG00000119714 | ENST00000535815 | Q15743 |
| ENSG00000119714 | ENST00000650645 | Q15743 |
Expression (GTEx)
Pathways
References
| Pubmed ID | Year | Title | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38761453 | 2024 | A novel mutation in GPR68 causes hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. | 0 |
| 38761453 | 2024 | A novel mutation in GPR68 causes hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. | 0 |
| 36503812 | 2023 | Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface. | 1 |
| 38077417 | 2023 | pH-sensing G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR68 is expressed in human cartilage and correlates with degradation of extracellular matrix during OA progression. | 0 |
| 36503812 | 2023 | Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface. | 1 |
| 38077417 | 2023 | pH-sensing G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR68 is expressed in human cartilage and correlates with degradation of extracellular matrix during OA progression. | 0 |
| 35163345 | 2022 | pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. | 5 |
| 35623913 | 2022 | GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. | 1 |
| 35163345 | 2022 | pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. | 5 |
| 35623913 | 2022 | GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. | 1 |
| 33478938 | 2021 | The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing. | 23 |
| 33478938 | 2021 | The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing. | 23 |
| 32279993 | 2020 | A missense mutation of Leu74Pro of OGR1 found in familial amelogenesis imperfecta actually causes the loss of the pH-sensing mechanism. | 6 |
| 32358068 | 2020 | CRISPR-addressable yeast strains with applications in human G protein-coupled receptor profiling and synthetic biology. | 9 |
| 32948783 | 2020 | Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors. | 9 |
Citation
Yan Xu
GPR68 (G protein-coupled receptor 68)
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2008-12-01
Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/40745/gpr68-(g-protein-coupled-receptor-68)
