The gene encompasses 2,366 bps (chr2:20,510,316-20,512,681); 1 exon.

The coding sequence (CDS) region is 395.983bp (588 bp) encoding a protein of 196 aa long.

Length 196 aa, molecular weight 22123 Da (unprocessed precursor). RhoB protein exists in different geranylgeranylated (RhoB-GG) or farnesylated (RhoB-F) isoforms in cells.

Widely expressed.

Endosome; Late endosome; late endosomal membrane; cell membrane; Also detected at the nuclear margin and in the nucleus. Prenylation specifies the subcellular location of RHOB. In general, the farnesylated form is localized to the plasma membrane while the geranylgeranylated form is localized to the endosome.

Regulator of protein signaling and trafficking:
Plays a pivotal role in the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins. Targets PRK1 to endosomes and is involved in trafficking of the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Also required for stability and nuclear trafficking of Akt which promotes endothelial cell survival during vascular development. Identified as a component of outside-in signaling pathways that coordinate Src activation with its translocation to transmembrane receptors.
Negative modifier of cancer progression:
Affects cell adhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays a negative role in tumorigenesis as RhoB deletion increases tumor formation initiated by Ras mutation. Limits the proliferation of transformed cells by facilitating turnover of oncogene c-Myc. Expression levels are dramatically decreased in lung, head and neck, and brain cancer, when tumors become more aggressive.
Modulator of cancer cell apoptosis:
Promotes proapoptotic signaling of regulators involved in cell cycle checkpoints, cell adhesion, vesicle trafficking, MAPK signaling, transcription, and immunity. Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cells after DNA damage. Is essential for apoptosis and antineoplastic activity of farnesyltransferase inhibitors in a mouse model. Is one of the targets of farnesyltransferase inhibitors which are currently under investigation as cancer therapeutics.

Member of the ras gene superfamily; rho family; GTP-binding proteins. The RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC proteins form a closely related subgroup that are about 90% identical in amino acid sequence. The sequences of RHOB are highly-conserved between species (from human to fly). Amino acid sequences of human, mouse and rat are 100% identical while sequence homology between human and chicken is 97% identical.