Actin monomer sequestering protein: TMSB10 is one of G-actin binding proteins, being expressed in all mammalian species. It can sequester monomeric actin and inhibit actin polymerization. It participates in the regulation of cancer cell motility (Erickson-Viitanen S et al., 1983; Abiko T et al., 1986; Goodall GJ et al., 1987; McCreary V et al.,1988; Nachmias VT,1993; Yu FX et al.,1993; Yu FX et al.,1994; Huff T et al.,1997; Vassiliadou I,1999; Liu CR et al.,2004; Mu H et al.,2006).

Development: The expression of TMSB10 is associated with the development of several tissues. It is involved in the development of the oral cavity and its annexes and developing salivary gland and kidney. TMSB10 may be have multiple functions in the developmental course from initiation to root formation of the tooth germ.. TMSB10 plays an important role in early neuroembryogenesis. It is present in the developing nervous, and has a specific physiological function during cerebellum development. TMSB10 is only present at very low levels in a very small subpopulation of glia in the adult cerebellum. In young animals, most of the TMSB10 is localized in granule cells, Golgi neurons and Purkinje cells. In old animals, TMSB10 signal is detected faintly in a few Purkinje cells(Hall AK et al.,1990; Lin SC et al.,1990; Hall AK,1991; Hall AK et al.,1991; Lin SC et al.,1991; Lugo DI et al., Condon MR et al.,1992; Border BG et al., 1993; Voisin PJ et al., 1995; Carpintero P et al.,1996 ;Carpintero P et al.,1999; Anadon R et al.,2001; Bani-Yaghoub M et al.,2001; Gomez-Marquez J et al.,2002;T okuriki M et al.,2003; Nemolato S et al.,2009; Gerosa C et al.,2010; Fanni D et al.,2011; Shiotsuka M et al.,2013).

Apoptosis: TMSB10 regulates apoptosis. For example, upregulation of TMSB10 in M. bovis-infected macrophages is linked with increased cell death due to apoptosis. TMSB10 can disrupt F-actin stress fibers, markedly decrease ovarian cancer cells growth, and a high rate of apoptosis. TMSB10 plays a significant role in cell apoptosis possibly by acting as an actin-mediated tumor suppressor, perhaps functions as a neoapoptotic influence during embryogenesis, and may mediate some of the pro-apoptotic anticancer actions of retinoids(Hall AK,1995; Gutierrez-Pabello JA et al.,2002; Rho SB et al.,2004; Lee SH et al.,2005; Rho SB et al.,2005)..

Angiogenesis: TMSB10 may be an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial migration, tube formation, VEGF, VEGFR-1 and integrin alphaV expression in HCAECs. TMSB10 is not only a cytoskeletal regulator, it also acts as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth by interaction with Ras (Koutrafouri V et al.,2001; Vasile E et al.,2001; Zhang Y et al.,2009).

Cancers: Elevated expression of TMSB10 is associated with invasion and metastasis of several kinds of tumors. It may be considered a potential tool for the diagnosis of several human neoplasias. TMSB10 is detected mainly in the malignant tissue, particularly in the cancerous cells, whereas the normal cell population around the lesions showed very weak staining. Also, the intensity of staining in the cancerous cells is proportionally increased with the increasing grade of the lesions(Santelli G et al.,1999; Sribenja S et al., 2009; Sribenja S et al.,2013).