| Note | |
| | |
| Entity | Colon cancer |
| Note | Loss of PYY expression has been implicated in the development and progression to colon adenocarcinoma. PYY expression has been associated with elevated differentiation, whilst PYY treatment of colon cancers resulted in selected overexpression of enzymes frequently identified in the normal colonocytic phenotype. The colon cancer growth regulatory effects of PYY might be dose dependent. |
| | |
| | |
| Entity | Pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis |
| Note | PYY suppresses growth and levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. It is considered to have a therapeutic value for pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis, since it exerts its immune function by altering transcription factors vital for cell signaling pathways. In addition, administration of PYY has been shown to improve amylase and cytokine release in pancreatitis cases. It has also been suggested that PYY in combination with vitamin E exhibit a significantly increased inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer in vitro. |
| | |
| | |
| Entity | Breast cancer |
| Note | PYY inhibits in vitro growth of breast cancer cells, however the exact mechanism of antitumor activity remains unknown. Previous studies have proposed that PYY reduces intracellular levels of cAMP in breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, it has been reported that combination of PYY with vitamin E results in a significant additive inhibition of breast carcinoma cells. |
| | |
| | |
| Entity | Cancer cachexia |
| Note | Cancer cachexia is generally characterized by decreased protein synthesis and loss in the small bowel. PYY has been shown to increase small bowel weight and protein content. However, the exact role of PYY on cancer cachexia has not yet been clarified. |
| | |
| | |
| Entity | Body weight |
| Note | PYY-36 plays a role in long-term body weight regulation, due to the negative correlation between PYY concentrations and adiposity markers in humans, such that PYY levels increase with weight loss and when leptin levels are low. |
| | |
| | |
| Entity | Obesity and type II diabetes |
| Note | Low endogenous PYY levels in obese individuals, have previously suggested that PYY deficiency may contribute to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and predispose obesity and type II diabetes. |
| | |
| A PYY Q62P variant linked to human obesity. |
| Ahituv N, Kavaslar N, Schackwitz W, Ustaszewska A, Collier JM, Hebert S, Doelle H, Dent R, Pennacchio LA, McPherson R. |
| Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Feb 1;15(3):387-91. Epub 2005 Dec 20. |
| PMID 16368708 |
| |
| Low serum PYY is linked to insulin resistance in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. |
| Boey D, Heilbronn L, Sainsbury A, Laybutt R, Kriketos A, Herzog H, Campbell LV. |
| Neuropeptides. 2006 Oct;40(5):317-24. Epub 2006 Oct 12. |
| PMID 17045646 |
| |
| Endocrinology: Basic and clinical principles. |
| Conn MP, Melmed S. |
| Humana Press. 1997. |
| |
| Peptide YY is critical for acylethanolamine receptor Gpr119-induced activation of gastrointestinal mucosal responses. |
| Cox HM, Tough IR, Woolston AM, Zhang L, Nguyen AD, Sainsbury A, Herzog H. |
| Cell Metab. 2010 Jun 9;11(6):532-42. |
| PMID 20519124 |
| |
| Endogenous PYY and NPY mediate tonic Y1- and Y2-mediated absorption in human and mouse colon. |
| Cox HM. |
| Nutrition. 2008 Sep;24(9):900-6. Epub 2008 Jul 26. |
| PMID 18662856 |
| |
| Peptide YY inhibits growth of human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. |
| Grise KR, Rongione AJ, Laird EC, McFadden DW. |
| J Surg Res. 1999 Apr;82(2):151-5. |
| PMID 10090823 |
| |
| Peptide YY and vitamin E inhibit hormone-sensitive and -insensitive breast cancer cells. |
| Heisler T, Towfigh S, Simon N, McFadden DW. |
| J Surg Res. 2000b Jun 1;91(1):9-14. |
| PMID 10816343 |
| |
| Ghrelin and PYY in the regulation of energy balance and metabolism: lessons from mouse mutants. |
| Kirchner H, Tong J, Tschop MH, Pfluger PT. |
| Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;298(5):E909-19. Epub 2010 Feb 23. (REVIEW) |
| PMID 20179246 |
| |
| Effects of meals high in carbohydrate, protein, and fat on ghrelin and peptide YY secretion in prepubertal children. |
| Lomenick JP, Melguizo MS, Mitchell SL, Summar ML, Anderson JW. |
| J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Nov;94(11):4463-71. Epub 2009 Oct 9. |
| PMID 19820013 |
| |
| Serial plasma concentrations of PYY and ghrelin during chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| Moschovi M, Trimis G, Vounatsou M, Katsibardi K, Margeli A, Dimitriadi F, Papassotiriou I, Chrousos G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F. |
| J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008 Oct;30(10):733-7. |
| PMID 19011469 |
| |
| Effect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3-36. |
| Pfluger PT, Kampe J, Castaneda TR, Vahl T, D'Alessio DA, Kruthaupt T, Benoit SC, Cuntz U, Rochlitz HJ, Moehlig M, Pfeiffer AF, Koebnick C, Weickert MO, Otto B, Spranger J, Tschop MH. |
| J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):583-8. Epub 2006 Nov 21. |
| PMID 17119001 |
| |
| Peptide YY (PYY) gene polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated and proximal promoter regions regulate cellular gene expression and PYY secretion and metabolic syndrome traits in vivo. |
| Shih PA, Wang L, Chiron S, Wen G, Nievergelt C, Mahata M, Khandrika S, Rao F, Fung MM, Mahata SK, Hamilton BA, O'Connor DT. |
| J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Nov;94(11):4557-66. Epub 2009 Oct 9. |
| PMID 19820027 |
| |
| Evidence of an association between the Arg72 allele of the peptide YY and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. |
| Torekov SS, Larsen LH, Glumer C, Borch-Johnsen K, Jorgensen T, Holst JJ, Madsen OD, Hansen T, Pedersen O. |
| Diabetes. 2005 Jul;54(7):2261-5. |
| PMID 15983231 |
| |
| Peptide YY and cancer: current findings and potential clinical applications. |
| Tseng WW, Liu CD. |
| Peptides. 2002 Feb;23(2):389-95. (REVIEW) |
| PMID 11825654 |
| |
| PYY and the pancreas: inhibition of tumor growth and inflammation. |
| Vona-Davis L, McFadden DW. |
| Peptides. 2007 Feb;28(2):334-8. Epub 2006 Dec 27. (REVIEW) |
| PMID 17194501 |
| |
