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TMSB10 (thymosin beta 10)

Identity

Other namesMIG12
TB10
THYB10
HGNC (Hugo) TMSB10
LocusID (NCBI) 9168
Location 2p11.2
Location_base_pair Starts at 85132763 and ends at 85133799 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009)  [Mapping]
Note TMSB10 is a member of the beta-thymosin family, which is an actin-sequestering protein involved in cell motility. TMSB10 may be correlated with tumor cells proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis.

DNA/RNA

 
Description The cDNA sequence for human TMSB10 is 482 nucleotides long comprising 3 exons. The open reading frame of the coding region is 135 bp.

Protein

 
Description Protein length (NP_066926.1): 44 amino acids.
(madkpdmgeiasfdkaklkktetqekntlptketieqekrseis)
Molecular weight: 4.9 kDa.
TMSB10 is a small G-actin binding protein, and it induces depolymerization of intracellular F-actin pools by sequestering actin monomers.
Expression TMSB10 is found in human, rat, mouse, cat, and rabbit. TMSB10 is one of the most abundant beta-thymosins.
Localisation TMSB10 is expressed in cytoplasm.
Function Overview: TMSB10 is a highly conserved small acid protein. It is present in many tissues and cell types. It can sequester actin monomers and bind to G-actin in a 1:1 complex.

Actin monomer sequestering protein: TMSB10 is one of G-actin binding proteins, being expressed in all mammalian species. It can sequester monomeric actin and inhibit actin polymerization. It participates in the regulation of cancer cell motility.

Development: The expression of TMSB10 is associated with the development of several tissues. It is involved in the development of the oral cavity and its annexes. TMSB10 plays an important role in early neuroembryogenesis. It is present in the developing nervous, and has a specific physiological function during cerebellum development. TMSB10 is only present at very low levels in a very small subpopulation of glia in the adult cerebellum. In young animals, most of the TMSB10 is localized in granule cells, Golgi neurons and Purkinje cells. In old animals, TMSB10 signal is detected faintly in a few Purkinje cells.

Apoptosis: TMSB10 regulates apoptosis. For example, upregulation of TMSB10 in M. bovis-infected macrophages is linked with increased cell death due to apoptosis. TMSB10 can disrupt F-actin stress fibers, markedly decrease ovarian cancer cells growth, and a high rate of apoptosis. TMSB10 plays a significant role in cell apoptosis possibly by acting as an actin-mediated tumor suppressor, perhaps functions as a neoapoptotic influence during embryogenesis, and may mediate some of the pro-apoptotic anticancer actions of retinoids.

Angiogenesis: TMSB10 may be an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial migration, tube formation, VEGF, VEGFR-1 and integrin alphaV expression in HCAECs. TMSB10 is not only a cytoskeletal regulator, it also acts as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth by interaction with Ras.

Cancers: Elevated expression of TMSB10 is associated with invasion and metastasis of several kinds of tumors. It may be considered a potential tool for the diagnosis of several human neoplasias. TMSB10 is detected mainly in the malignant tissue, particularly in the cancerous cells, whereas the normal cell population around the lesions showed very weak staining. Also, the intensity of staining in the cancerous cells is proportionally increased with the increasing grade of the lesions.

Homology Homolog to thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 15.

Implicated in

Entity Pancreatic cancer
Note TSMB10 is expressed in human pancreatic carcinoma, but not in non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue, suggesting a role for TMSB10 in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma. It is a promising marker and a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Exogenous TMSB10 causes the phosphorylation of JNK and increases the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-8 in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells.
  
Entity Non-small cell lung cancer
Note TMSB10 might induce microvascular and lymphatic vessel formation by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in lung cancer tissues, thus promoting the distant and lymph node metastases and being implicated in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer.
  
Entity Breast cancer
Note TMSB10 plays a key role in sequestration of G-actin as well as in breast cancer cell motility.
  
Entity Ovarian cancer
Note TMSB10 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by interfering Ras signal transduction and expression of VEGF.
  
Entity Thyroid neoplasias
Note TMSB10 overexpression is a general event of thyroid cell neoplastic transformation. An increased expression of TMSB10 mRNA in thyroid carcinomas is found. The evaluation of TMSB10 gene expression may be considered a promising means of human thyroid hyperproliferative diagnosis. By decreasing TMSB10 expression, the thyroid cancer cells growth in soft agar is inhibited.
  
Entity Renal cell carcinoma
Note The TMSB10 gene is deregulated in renal cell carcinoma and it may be a new molecular marker for renal-cell carcinoma.
  
Entity Cutaneous melanoma
Note TMSB10 can be considered as a new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma.
  

External links

Nomenclature
HGNC (Hugo)TMSB10   11879
Entrez_Gene (NCBI)TMSB10  9168  thymosin beta 10
Cards
AtlasTMSB10ID42595ch2p11
GeneCards (Weizmann)TMSB10
Ensembl (Hinxton)ENSG00000034510 [Gene_View]  chr2:85132763-85133799 [Contig_View]  TMSB10 [Vega]
AceView (NCBI)TMSB10
Genatlas (Paris)TMSB10
SOURCE (Stanford)NM_021103
Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath (UCSC)TMSB10  -  2p11.2   chr2:85132763-85133799 +  2p11.2   [Description]    (hg19-Feb_2009)
EnsemblTMSB10 - 2p11.2 [CytoView]
Mapping of homologs : NCBITMSB10 [Mapview]
OMIM188399   
Gene and transcription
Genbank (Entrez)AK130949 AK311952 AY453400 BC016025 BC016731
RefSeq transcript (SRS)NM_021103
RefSeq transcript (Entrez)NM_021103
RefSeq genomic (SRS)AC_000134 NC_000002 NC_018913 NT_022184 NW_001838769 NW_004078005
RefSeq genomic (Entrez)AC_000134 NC_000002 NC_018913 NT_022184 NW_001838769 NW_004078005
Consensus coding sequences : CCDS (NCBI)TMSB10
Cluster EST : UnigeneHs.446574 [ SRS ] Hs.446574 [ NCBI ]
CGAP (NCI)Hs.446574
Alternative Splicing : Fast-db (Paris)GSHG0016614
Alternative Splicing GalleryENSG00000034510
Gene ExpressionTMSB10 [ NCBI-GEO ]   TMSB10 [ EBI - ARRAY_EXPRESS ]
Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
UniProt/SwissProtP63313 (SRS) P63313 (Uniprot)
NextProtP63313
With graphics : InterProP63313
Splice isoforms : SwissVarP63313(Swissvar)
Domaine pattern : Prosite (SRS)THYMOSIN_B4 (PS00500)   
Domaine pattern : Prosite (Expaxy)THYMOSIN_B4 (PS00500)   
Domains : Interpro (SRS)Thymosin_b4    Thymosin_b4_chordata   
Domains : Interpro (EBI)Thymosin_b4    Thymosin_b4_chordata   
Related proteins : CluSTrP63313
Domain families : Pfam (SRS)Thymosin (PF01290)   
Domain families : Pfam (Sanger)Thymosin (PF01290)   
Domain families : Pfam (NCBI)pfam01290   
Domain families : Smart (EMBL)THY (SM00152)  
Domain structure : Prodom (Prabi Lyon)Thymosin_b4 (PD005116)   
DMDM9168
Blocks (Seattle)P63313
Human Protein AtlasENSG00000034510
HPRD01779
IPIIPI00220827   
Protein Interaction databases
DIP (DOE-UCLA)P63313
IntAct (EBI)P63313
FunCoupENSG00000034510
REACTOMETMSB10
Protein Interaction Database9168
BioGRIDTMSB10
InParanoidP63313
Interologous Interaction database P63313
IntegromeDBTMSB10
Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (NCBI)TMSB10
SNP (GeneSNP Utah)TMSB10
SNP : HGBaseTMSB10
Genetic variants : HAPMAPTMSB10
Somatic Mutations in Cancer : COSMICTMSB10 
CONAN: Copy Number AnalysisTMSB10 
Mutations and Diseases : HGMDTMSB10
OMIM188399   
GENETests188399   
Disease Genetic AssociationTMSB10
Huge Navigator TMSB10 [HugePedia]  TMSB10 [HugeCancerGEM]
Genomic VariantsTMSB10  TMSB10 [DGVbeta]
ClinVarTMSB10
snp3D : Map Gene to Disease9168
General knowledge
Homologs : HomoloGeneTMSB10
Homology/Alignments : Family Browser (UCSC)TMSB10
Phylogenetic Trees/Animal Genes : TreeFamTMSB10
Chemical/Protein Interactions : CTD9168
Chemical/Pharm GKB GenePA36580
Clinical trialTMSB10
Cancer Resource (Charite)ENSG00000034510
Ontology : AmiGOactin binding  cytoplasm  cytoskeleton  actin cytoskeleton organization  sequestering of actin monomers  
Ontology : EGO-EBIactin binding  cytoplasm  cytoskeleton  actin cytoskeleton organization  sequestering of actin monomers  
Other databases
Probes
Litterature
PubMed34 Pubmed reference(s) in Entrez
PubGeneTMSB10
iHOPTMSB10

Bibliography

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Retinoids and a retinoic acid receptor differentially modulate thymosin beta 10 gene expression in transfected neuroblastoma cells.
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Alterations in actin-binding beta-thymosin expression accompany neuronal differentiation and migration in rat cerebellum.
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Thymosin beta-10 expression in melanoma cell lines and melanocytic lesions: a new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma.
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Int J Cancer. 1993 Jan 21;53(2):278-84.
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Thymosin beta 10 and thymosin beta 4 are both actin monomer sequestering proteins.
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PMID 8416954
 
Amplification-independent overexpression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in human renal cell carcinoma.
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Effects of thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 10 on actin structures in living cells.
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Thymosin beta-10 accelerates apoptosis.
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Developmental characterization of thymosin beta 4 and beta 10 expression in enriched neuronal cultures from rat cerebella.
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PMID 7798904
 
Thymosin beta10 mRNA expression during early postimplantation mouse development.
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PMID 8925915
 
Preliminary findings on the expression of thymosin beta-10 in human breast cancer.
Verghese-Nikolakaki S, Apostolikas N, Livaniou E, Ithakissios DS, Evangelatos GP.
Br J Cancer. 1996 Nov;74(9):1441-4.
PMID 8912542
 
C-terminal truncation of thymosin beta10 by an intracellular protease and its influence on the interaction with G-actin studied by ultrafiltration.
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FEBS Lett. 1997 Sep 1;414(1):39-44.
PMID 9305728
 
Thymosin beta-10 gene overexpression correlated with the highly malignant neoplastic phenotype of transformed thyroid cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Expression of the thymosin beta10 gene in normal and kainic acid-treated rat forebrain.
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PMID 10381552
 
Thymosin beta-10 gene overexpression is a general event in human carcinogenesis.
Santelli G, Califano D, Chiappetta G, Vento MT, Bartoli PC, Zullo F, Trapasso F, Viglietto G, Fusco A.
Am J Pathol. 1999 Sep;155(3):799-804.
PMID 10487837
 
Investigation of the epitopic structure of thymosin beta10 by epitope mapping experiments.
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Peptides. 1999;20(3):411-4.
PMID 10447102
 
Regulation of thymosin beta10 expression by TSH and other mitogenic signals in the thyroid gland and in cultured thyrocytes.
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PMID 10366416
 
Differential expression of thymosins beta(4) and beta(10) during rat cerebellum postnatal development.
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PMID 11251199
 
Array analysis of the genes regulated during neuronal differentiation of human embryonal cells.
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Biochem Cell Biol. 2001;79(4):387-98.
PMID 11527208
 
Effect of thymosin peptides on the chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis model.
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PMID 11731086
 
Overexpression of the thymosin beta-10 gene in human ovarian cancer cells disrupts F-actin stress fiber and leads to apoptosis.
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Oncogene. 2001 Oct 11;20(46):6700-6.
PMID 11709704
 
Differential expression of thymosin beta-10 by early passage and senescent vascular endothelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent endothelial cells in vivo at sites of atherosclerosis.
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PMID 11156961
 
The beta-thymosins, small actin-binding peptides widely expressed in the developing and adult cerebellum.
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Cerebellum. 2002 Apr;1(2):95-102. (REVIEW)
PMID 12882358
 
Upregulation of thymosin beta-10 by Mycobacterium bovis infection of bovine macrophages is associated with apoptosis.
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Infect Immun. 2002 Apr;70(4):2121-7.
PMID 11895978
 
Chemotherapeutic drugs change actin skeleton organization and the expression of beta-thymosins in human breast cancer cells.
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J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 May;128(5):247-56. Epub 2002 Mar 19.
PMID 12029440
 
Thymosin beta-10 protein synthesis suppression reduces the growth of human thyroid carcinoma cells in semisolid medium.
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PMID 12481941
 
Quantitative analysis of thymosin beta-10 messenger RNA in thyroid carcinomas.
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PMID 12324571
 
Gene expression analysis of human middle ear cholesteatoma using complementary DNA arrays.
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PMID 12792315
 
Thymosin beta-10 gene expression as a possible tool in diagnosis of thyroid neoplasias.
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PMID 15254683
 
Differential thymosin beta 10 expression levels and actin filament organization in tumor cell lines with different metastatic potential.
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PMID 14975205
 
The interaction between E-tropomodulin and thymosin beta-10 rescues tumor cells from thymosin beta-10 mediated apoptosis by restoring actin architecture.
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FEBS Lett. 2004 Jan 16;557(1-3):57-63.
PMID 14741341
 
Gene expression analysis of pancreatic cell lines reveals genes overexpressed in pancreatic cancer.
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Pancreatology. 2005;5(4-5):370-9. Epub 2005 Jun 23.
PMID 15983444
 
Thymosin {beta}(10) inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by interfering with Ras function.
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Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 1;65(1):137-48.
PMID 15665289
 
The identification of apoptosis-related residues in human thymosin beta-10 by mutational analysis and computational modeling.
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J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 7;280(40):34003-7. Epub 2005 Jul 12.
PMID 16012174
 
Thymosin beta10 inhibits cell migration and capillary-like tube formation of human coronary artery endothelial cells.
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Localization of thymosin beta10 in breast cancer cells: relationship to actin cytoskeletal remodeling and cell motility.
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Histochem Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;127(1):109-13. Epub 2006 Jun 20.
PMID 16786322
 
Expression of thymosin beta10 and its role in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Hum Pathol. 2009 Jan;40(1):117-24. Epub 2008 Sep 11.
PMID 18789485
 
Thymosin beta-10 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and induces JNK activation.
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Cancer Invest. 2009 Mar;27(3):251-6.
PMID 19194824
 
Thymosin beta(4) and beta(10) levels in pre-term newborn oral cavity and foetal salivary glands evidence a switch of secretion during foetal development.
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PMID 19337364
 
Advances in thymosin beta10 research: differential expression, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications in cancer and other conditions.
Sribenja S, Li M, Wongkham S, Wongkham C, Yao Q, Chen C.
Cancer Invest. 2009 Dec;27(10):1016-22. (REVIEW)
PMID 19909017
 
Overexpression of thymosin beta-10 inhibits VEGF mRNA expression, autocrine VEGF protein production, and tube formation in hypoxia-induced monkey choroid-retinal endothelial cells.
Zhang T, Li X, Yu W, Yan Z, Zou H, He X.
Ophthalmic Res. 2009;41(1):36-43. Epub 2008 Oct 16.
PMID 18854659
 
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Contributor(s)

Written03-2010Xueshan Qiu
Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :
Qiu X . TMSB10 (thymosin beta 10). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. March 2010 .
URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/TMSB10ID42595ch2p11.html

This paper is referenced by INIST as such :
http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/44923/1/03-2010-TMSB10ID42595ch2p11.pdf   [ Bibliographic record ]

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