FANCG (Fanconi anemia, complementation group G)

2002-06-01   Jean-Loup Huret  

Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France

Identity

HGNC
FANCG
LOCATION
9p13.3
IMAGE
Atlas Image
LEGEND
Probe(s) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics
LOCUSID
2189
ALIAS
FAG,XRCC9
FUSION GENES
Show Gene Fusions

DNA/RNA

Description

14 exons; 1869 bp open reading frame

Transcription

2.2 and 2.5 kb

Proteins

Description

622 amino acids, 69 kDa; contains a leucine zipper; can be phosphorylated

Expression

weak; testis, thymus, lymphoblasts.

Localisation

predominantly nuclear

Function

part of the FA complex with FANCA, FANCC, FANCE, and FANCF; this complex is only found in the nucleus.
  • FANCA and FANCG form a complex in the cytoplasm, through a N-term FANCA (involving the nuclear localization signal) - FANCG interaction; FANCC join the complex; phosphorylation of FANCA would induce its translocation into the nucleus.This FA complex translocates into the nucleus, where FANCE and FANCF are present; FANCE and FANCF join the complex. The FA complex subsequently interacts with FANCD2 by monoubiquitination of FANCD2 during S phase or following DNA damage. Activated (ubiquinated ) FANCD2, downstream in the FA pathway, will then interact with other proteins involved in DNA repair, possibly BRCA1; after DNA repair, FANCD2 return to the non-ubiquinated form.

    • Homology

    no known homology

    Mutations

    Germinal

    wide range of mutations (splice, nonsense, missense)

    Implicated in

    Entity name
    Fanconi anaemia (FA); FANCG is implicated in the FA complementation group G; it represents about 10% of FA cases.
    Disease
    Fanconi anaemia is a chromosome instability syndrome/cancer prone disease (at risk of leukaemia and squamous cell carcinoma)
    Prognosis
  • Fanconi anaemias prognosis is poor; mean survival is 20 years: patients die of bone marrow failure (infections, haemorrhages), leukaemia, or solid cancer.
  • It has recently been shown that significant phenotypic differences were found between the various complementation groups. FA group G patients had more severe cytopenia and a higher incidence of leukemia. FA group G patients patients are high-risk groups with a poor hematologic outcome and should be considered as candidates both for frequent monitoring and early therapeutic intervention.
    • Cytogenetics
    Spontaneously enhanced chromatid-type aberrations (breaks, gaps, interchanges; increased rate of breaks compared to control, when induced by specific clastogens known as DNA cross-linking agents (e.g. mitomycin C, diepoxybutane).

    Article Bibliography

    Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
    118541762002Breaks at telomeres and TRF2-independent end fusions in Fanconi anemia.Callén E et al
    110932762000Spectrum of mutations in the Fanconi anaemia group G gene, FANCG/XRCC9.Demuth I et al
    111106742000Association of complementation group and mutation type with clinical outcome in fanconi anemia. European Fanconi Anemia Research Group.Faivre L et al
    117562252002The FANCG Fanconi anemia protein interacts with CYP2E1: possible role in protection against oxidative DNA damage.Futaki M et al
    111810532001Fanconi anemia protein, FANCG, is a phosphoprotein and is upregulated with FANCA after TNF-alpha treatment.Futaki M et al
    112394542001Interaction of the Fanconi anemia proteins and BRCA1 in a common pathway.Garcia-Higuera I et al
    116734082001Fanconi anemia and DNA repair.Grompe M et al
    118234462002Reduced fertility and hypersensitivity to mitomycin C characterize Fancg/Xrcc9 null mice.Koomen M et al
    109618562000Carboxy terminal region of the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCG/XRCC9, is required for functional activity.Kuang Y et al
    92564651997The human XRCC9 gene corrects chromosomal instability and mutagen sensitivities in CHO UV40 cells.Liu N et al
    111578052001Direct interactions of the five known Fanconi anaemia proteins suggest a common functional pathway.Medhurst AL et al
    114382062001Functional analysis of patient-derived mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene, FANCG/XRCC9.Nakanishi K et al
    112975592001Fanconi anemia proteins localize to chromatin and the nuclear matrix in a DNA damage- and cell cycle-regulated manner.Qiao F et al
    104686061999A physical complex of the Fanconi anemia proteins FANCG/XRCC9 and FANCA.Waisfisz Q et al
    117514232001The Chinese hamster FANCG/XRCC9 mutant NM3 fails to express the monoubiquitinated form of the FANCD2 protein, is hypersensitive to a range of DNA damaging agents and exhibits a normal level of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange.Wilson JB et al
    115308032001Current knowledge on the pathophysiology of Fanconi anemia: from genes to phenotypes.Yamashita T et al
    117193852001Targeted disruption of the murine Fanconi anemia gene, Fancg/Xrcc9.Yang Y et al
    98065481998The Fanconi anaemia group G gene FANCG is identical with XRCC9.de Winter JP et al

    Other Information

    Locus ID:

    NCBI: 2189
    MIM: 602956
    HGNC: 3588
    Ensembl: ENSG00000221829

    Variants:

    dbSNP: 2189
    ClinVar: 2189
    TCGA: ENSG00000221829
    COSMIC: FANCG

    RNA/Proteins

    Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
    ENSG00000221829ENST00000378643O15287
    ENSG00000221829ENST00000378643Q53XM5
    ENSG00000221829ENST00000425676F8WC08
    ENSG00000221829ENST00000448890C9JSE3

    Expression (GTEx)

    0
    5
    10
    15
    20
    25
    30
    35
    Adipose - Subcutaneous
    Adipose - Visceral
    Adrenal Gland
    Artery - Aorta
    Artery - Tibial
    Bladder
    Brain - Amygdala
    Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex
    Brain - Caudate
    Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere
    Brain - Cerebellum
    Brain - Cortex
    Brain - Frontal Cortex
    Brain - Hippocampus
    Brain - Hypothalamus
    Brain - Nucleus accumbens
    Brain - Putamen
    Brain - Spinal cord
    Brain - Substantia nigra
    Breast - Mammary Tissue
    Cells - Cultured fibroblasts
    Cells - EBV - transformed lymphocytes
    Cervix - Ectocervix
    Cervix - Endocervix
    Colon - Sigmoid
    Colon - Transverse
    Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction
    Esophagus - Mucosa
    Esophagus - Muscularis
    Fallopian Tube
    Heart - Atrial Appendage
    Heart - Left Ventricle
    Kidney - Cortex
    Kidney - Medulla
    Liver
    Lung
    Minor Salivary Gland
    Muscle - Skeletal
    Nerve - Tibial
    Ovary
    Pancreas
    Pituitary
    Prostate
    Skin - Not Sun Exposed
    Skin - Sun Exposed
    Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum
    Spleen
    Stomach
    Testis
    Thyroid
    Uterus
    Vagina
    Whole Blood

    Pathways

    PathwaySourceExternal ID
    Fanconi anemia pathwayKEGGko03460
    Fanconi anemia pathwayKEGGhsa03460
    FA core complexKEGGhsa_M00413
    FA core complexKEGGM00413
    DNA RepairREACTOMER-HSA-73894
    Fanconi Anemia PathwayREACTOMER-HSA-6783310

    Protein levels (Protein atlas)

    Not detected
    Low
    Medium
    High
    cerebral cortex
    cerebellum
    hippocampus
    caudate
    thyroid gland
    parathyroid gland
    adrenal gland
    nasopharynx
    bronchus
    lung
    oral mucosa
    salivary gland
    esophagus
    stomach 1
    stomach 2
    duodenum
    small intestine
    colon
    rectum
    liver
    gallbladder
    pancreas
    kidney
    urinary bladder
    testis
    epididymis
    seminal vesicle
    prostate
    vagina
    ovary
    fallopian tube
    endometrium 1
    endometrium 2
    cervix, uterine
    placenta
    breast
    heart muscle
    smooth muscle
    skeletal muscle
    soft tissue 1
    soft tissue 2
    adipose tissue
    skin 1
    skin 2
    appendix
    spleen
    lymph node
    tonsil
    bone marrow

    References

    Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
    348640952022In silico study of missense variants of FANCA, FANCC and FANCG genes reveals high risk deleterious alleles predisposing to Fanconi anemia pathogenesis.1
    348640952022In silico study of missense variants of FANCA, FANCC and FANCG genes reveals high risk deleterious alleles predisposing to Fanconi anemia pathogenesis.1
    329475772021Clinical and Genetic Features of Patients With Fanconi Anemia in Lebanon and Report on Novel Mutations in the FANCA and FANCG Genes.1
    333942272021Severe telomere shortening in Fanconi anemia complementation group L.3
    344365272021Frequent internuclear bridging in a Fanconi anemia patient with FANCG mutation.0
    329475772021Clinical and Genetic Features of Patients With Fanconi Anemia in Lebanon and Report on Novel Mutations in the FANCA and FANCG Genes.1
    333942272021Severe telomere shortening in Fanconi anemia complementation group L.3
    344365272021Frequent internuclear bridging in a Fanconi anemia patient with FANCG mutation.0
    325297602020Endocrine profiling in patients with Fanconi anemia, homozygous for a FANCG founder mutation.4
    329890152020Loss of Mitochondrial Localization of Human FANCG Causes Defective FANCJ Helicase.2
    325297602020Endocrine profiling in patients with Fanconi anemia, homozygous for a FANCG founder mutation.4
    329890152020Loss of Mitochondrial Localization of Human FANCG Causes Defective FANCJ Helicase.2
    298438522018Fanconi anaemia in South Africa: Past, present and future.2
    300571982018FANCA Promotes DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Catalyzing Single-Strand Annealing and Strand Exchange.48
    298438522018Fanconi anaemia in South Africa: Past, present and future.2

    Citation

    Jean-Loup Huret

    FANCG (Fanconi anemia, complementation group G)

    Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2002-06-01

    Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/295/img/gene-explorer/js/_common.js