i(X)(q10) occurs in a variety of hematologic malignancies, in both myeloid and lymphoid disorders, including ALL, NHL, AML, MDS and CML.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): 2 patients (Lyall and Garson, 1978; Karrman et al., 2007).
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was diagnosed in 2 patients (Wilkens et al, 1998; Kearns et al., 2004).
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): there were 8 patients with AML-M2, six of them had translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) (Shiraishi et al, 1982; Minamihisamatsu et al, 1988; Tien et al, 1988; Kwong et al, 1993; Ma et al, 1997; Paskulin et al, 1998).
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): was diagnosed in 6 patients. Three of them with relapse of ALL after chemotherapy (CT) (Arthur et al., 1982; Gindina T, own cases, table 1,#18, #19), two patients had unbalanced translocation t(1;19)(q23;p13) (Pui et al, 1990; Gindina T, table 1, #18), one patient had translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) (Arthur et al, 1982).
Follicular lymphoma (FL): 3 patients (Horsman et al, 2001; Fan and Rizkalla 2003).
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) was diagnosed in 2 patients (Goyns et al., 1993; Trcic et al., 2010).
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): 2 patients (Bloomfield et al., 1983; Dave et al, 2002).
Mature B-cell neoplasm : 2 patients (Ueda et al, 1997; Adeyinka et al, 2007).

I(X)(q10) has been observed in female patients with a median age of 27 years (range, 0,9 to 54 years).
Table 1. Reported cases with i(X)(q10).

Pts	Age, gender	Disease	Karyotype	Author
1	40, F	CML	46,X,i(X)(q10),del(1),t(9;22),t(17;17)(q12;q25)	Karrman et al, 2007
2	?, F	CML	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(9;22)/47,idem,+der(22)t(9;22)	Lyall&Garson, 1978
3	?, F	MDS	47,X,i(X)(q10),+21	Kearns et al, 2004
4	?, F	MDS	47,XX,+i(X)(q10)	Wilkens et al, 1998
5	54, F	AML (M2)	45,X,-X,del(9)(q12q22)[6]/46,X,i(X)(q10)[6]	Han et al, 2002
6	?, F	AML (M2)	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(8;21)(q22;q22)	Kwong et al, 1993
7	33, F	AML (M2)	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(8;21)(q22;q22)[5]/46,XX[3]	Ma et al, 1997
8	?, F	AML (M2)	47,X,i(X)(q10),+8,t(8;21)(q22;q22)	Minamihisamatsu et al, 1988
9	45, F	AML (M2)	88,XXYY,+i(X)(q10)x2,i(1)(q10),dup(2)(q11q21)x2,del(3)(q21),del(5)(q13q35)x2,-6,-6,-9,-9,-12,i(12)(q10),-15,-15,-17,-17,-21,add(21)(q22),add(22)(q12)x2,+4mar	Pang et al, 2015
10	30, F	AML (M2)	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(8;21)(q22;q22)/46,idem,del(9)(q13q22)	Tien et al, 1988
11	?, F	AML (M2)	46,XX,t(8;21)(q22;q22)/46,idem,i(X)(q10)[7]/45,idem,-X[5]	Paskulin et al, 1998
12	40, F	AML, (M2)	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(8;21)(q22;q22)	Shiraishi et al, 1982
13	10, F	AML, NOS	46,X,i(X)(q10)	Debiec-Rychter et al, 1985
14	?, F	ALL	47,X,i(X)(q10),t(10;11)(p13;q13),+19	Heerema et al, 1998
15	0,9, F	ALL	44,X,i(X)(q10),-7,-8,der(10)t(8;10)(q11;p13),der(19)t(1;19)(q23;p13)	Pui et al, 1990
16	4,5, F	ALL	47,X,i(X)(q10),+21	Pui et al, 1992
17	31, F	Relapse of ALL after CT	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(4;11)(q21;q23)	Arthur et al, 1982
18	12, F	Relapse of ALL after CT	46,X,i(X)(q10),der(19)t(1;19)(q23;p13)[3]/46,XX[17]	Gindina T, own case
19	22, F	Relapse of ALL after CT	48,X,i(X)(q10),add(1)(q32),-2,-3,add(6)(q23),-7,add(7)(p15),del(9)(q22),+11,add(11)(q23),-12,-17,-19,-21,+10mar[2]/46,XX[18]	Gindina T, own case
20	?, F	FL	69-72,X,i(X)(q10)x2,+X,+1,-3,add(10)(q26),+11,-14,t(14;18)(q32;q21),+21,+22	Fan and Rizkalla, 2003
21	?, F	FL	49,XX,+i(X)(q10),add(1)(p36),+der(1)t(1;15)(p13;q11),add(6)(q25),?inv(7)(q21q31),del(9)(p13),dup(12)(q13q22),t(14;18)(q32;q21),-15,-16,+18,der(18)t(7;18)(q22;q23)x2,add(19)(q13),+21,+mar/ 98,idemx2	Horsman et al, 2001
22	?, F	FL	46,X,i(X)(q10),t(11;21)(q23;q22),t(14;18)(q32;q21)	Horsman et al, 2001
23	?, F	BL	49,X,i(X)(q10),+2,+3,+del(6)(q?15),t(9;13)(p13;q32),der(10)t(X;10)(q13;p13),der(14)t(1;14)(q25;q32)	Goyns et al, 1993
24	?, F	BL	46,XX,dup(1)(q21q31),i(7)(q10),t(8;14)(q24;q32)/46,idem,i(X)(q10)	Trcic et al, 2010
25	8, F	DLBCL	49,X,i(X)(q10),+2,t(3;22)(q21;q11),del(6)(p21),+7,t(8;14)(q24;q32),+10	Bloomfield et al, 1983
26	?, F	DLBCL	48,XX,+i(X)(q10),+5,dup(6)(p21p25),i(7)(q10),der(10)t(6;10)(p21;p15)[19]/46,XX[1]	Dave et al, 2002
27	43, F	Mature B-cell neoplasm, NOS	46-50,X,i(X)(q10),add(1)(q24),-2,-3,add(3)(p13),i(4)(p10),del(6)(q14q27), add(7)(q32),der(10;17)(q10;q10),+11,-14,+15, +2-5mar[cp20]	Adeyinka et al, 2007
28	?, F	Mature B-cell neoplasm, NOS	47,XY,+i(X)(q10),add(1)(q21),+dic(1;19)(p10;p13),t(3;14)(q27;q32),t(7;11)(q22;q23),del(13)(q14q22),add(19)(p13)	Ueda at al, 1997

CML: Chronic myeloid leukemia; MDS: Myelodysplastic syndrome; AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; FL: Follicular lymphoma; BL: Burkitt lymphoma; DLBCL: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; CT: chemotherapy; NOS not otherwise specified.

As a result of the formation of the isochromosome, there is the loss of a normal X chromosome, and the structural abnormality leads to monosomy for Xp and trisomy for Xq. It is not known whether the overexpression of a proto-oncogene (or other gene) or the deletion of a tumor-suppressor gene from the isochromosome contributes to development or proliferation of tumor cells in these cases.