RPRM (reprimo, TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate)

2011-11-01   Alejandro H Corvalan , Veronica A Torres 

Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Epidemiology, Department of Hemathology - Oncology, School of Medicine - P Universidad Catolica de Chile, 391 Marcoleta St - Santiago 8330074 Chile

Identity

HGNC
LOCATION
2q23.3
LOCUSID
ALIAS
REPRIMO
FUSION GENES

DNA/RNA

Description

Reprimo gene consists of 1 exon. The gene spans 1,47 kb of genomic DNA on the chromosome 2 in the minus strand.

Transcription

The mRNA is 1496 bp in length.

Proteins

Description

The open reading frame encodes a 109 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular weight of 11774 Da. Reprimo is a highly glycosylated protein which has two sites in amino acids 7 and 18. The protein has a potential transmembrane site covering amino acids 56 to 76.

Expression

The expression of Reprimo is induced by tumor protein p53 following X-ray irradiation.

Localisation

When Reprimo is ectopically expressed, it is localized in the cytoplasm.

Function

Reprimo is a candidate tumor suppresor gene involved in the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest mediated by tumor protein p53. Reprimo induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the Cdc2-Cyclin B1 complex.

Implicated in

Entity name
Various cancers
Note
The aberrant methylation of the promoter region of Reprimo is a common event that may contribute to the pathogenesis of some types of human cancer. Promoter methylation of Reprimo was found in pancreatic cancer (91%), gastric cancer (90%), gallbladder cancer (62%), lymphomas (57%), colorectal cancer (56%) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (40%). In breast cancer, leukemias and lung cancer, promoter methylation of Reprimo was found in less than 40% of tested cases.
Entity name
Gastric cancer
Disease
Aberrant hypermethylation of Reprimo is frequently found in primary gastric cancer as well as in pair plasma samples. In plasma from asymptomatic controls, Reprimo is infrequently methylated. Therefore, plasmatic detection of Reprimo is a putative biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer.
Atlas Image
The above histogram represents the percentage of positive cases for Reprimo and other genes (APC, SHP1, CDH-1, ER, SEMA3B and 3OST2) in 43 prospectively collected gastric cancer cases and 31 asymptomatic age- and gender-matched controls. Only Reprimo shows a significant difference in plasma between gastric cancer and asymptomatic controls (Bernal et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:6264-9).
Entity name
Pancreatic cancer
Disease
Aberrant hypermethylation of Reprimo is also common in pancreatic cell lines (91%) and in pancreatic adenocarcinomas (66%). Reprimo methylation is correlated with poor prognosis in a large series of resected pancreatic cancers. This fact raises the possibility that aberrant methylation of Reprimo is an epigenetic event that may have a mechanistic role in pancreatic cancer.

Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
188295072008Reprimo as a potential biomarker for early detection in gastric cancer.Bernal C et al
171218822006Reprimo methylation is a potential biomarker of Barrett's-Associated esophageal neoplastic progression.Hamilton JP et al
109304222000Reprimo, a new candidate mediator of the p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase.Ohki R et al
167524112006Aberrant methylation of Reprimo correlates with genetic instability and predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Sato N et al
157135142005Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in lung cancer.Suzuki M et al
157003112005Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in human malignancies.Takahashi T et al

Other Information

Locus ID:

NCBI: 56475
MIM: 612171
HGNC: 24201
Ensembl: ENSG00000177519

Variants:

dbSNP: 56475
ClinVar: 56475
TCGA: ENSG00000177519
COSMIC: RPRM

RNA/Proteins

Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
ENSG00000177519ENST00000325926Q9NS64

Expression (GTEx)

0
10
20
30
40
50
60

Pathways

PathwaySourceExternal ID
p53 signaling pathwayKEGGko04115
p53 signaling pathwayKEGGhsa04115

References

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
188295072008Reprimo as a potential biomarker for early detection in gastric cancer.45
199177252010Histone deacetylase 7 and FoxA1 in estrogen-mediated repression of RPRM.37
225621712012Reprimo (RPRM) is a novel tumor suppressor in pituitary tumors and regulates survival, proliferation, and tumorigenicity.22
239822172013DNA damage-inducible gene, reprimo functions as a tumor suppressor and is suppressed by promoter methylation in gastric cancer.22
167524112006Aberrant methylation of Reprimo correlates with genetic instability and predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.20
259549722015Loss of Expression of Reprimo, a p53-induced Cell Cycle Arrest Gene, Correlates with Invasive Stage of Tumor Progression and p73 Expression in Gastric Cancer.17
259549722015Loss of Expression of Reprimo, a p53-induced Cell Cycle Arrest Gene, Correlates with Invasive Stage of Tumor Progression and p73 Expression in Gastric Cancer.17
268238312015Implication of Reprimo and hMLH1 gene methylation in early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.13
209494682011Loss of Reprimo and S100A2 expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma.8
181974092008Reprimo 824 G>C and p53R2 4696 C>G single nucleotide polymorphisms and colorectal cancer: a case-control disease association study.5

Citation

Alejandro H Corvalan ; Veronica A Torres

RPRM (reprimo, TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate)

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2011-11-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/42082/rprm-(reprimo-tp53-dependent-g2-arrest-mediator-candidate)