RPRM (reprimo, TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate)

2011-11-01   Alejandro H Corvalan  , Veronica A Torres  

Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Epidemiology, Department of Hemathology - Oncology, School of Medicine - P Universidad Catolica de Chile, 391 Marcoleta St - Santiago 8330074 Chile

Identity

HGNC
RPRM
LOCATION
2q23.3
LOCUSID
56475
ALIAS
REPRIMO
FUSION GENES
Show Gene Fusions

DNA/RNA

Description

Reprimo gene consists of 1 exon. The gene spans 1,47 kb of genomic DNA on the chromosome 2 in the minus strand.

Transcription

The mRNA is 1496 bp in length.

Proteins

Description

The open reading frame encodes a 109 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular weight of 11774 Da. Reprimo is a highly glycosylated protein which has two sites in amino acids 7 and 18. The protein has a potential transmembrane site covering amino acids 56 to 76.

Expression

The expression of Reprimo is induced by tumor protein p53 following X-ray irradiation.

Localisation

When Reprimo is ectopically expressed, it is localized in the cytoplasm.

Function

Reprimo is a candidate tumor suppresor gene involved in the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest mediated by tumor protein p53. Reprimo induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the Cdc2-Cyclin B1 complex.

Implicated in

Entity name
Various cancers
Note
The aberrant methylation of the promoter region of Reprimo is a common event that may contribute to the pathogenesis of some types of human cancer. Promoter methylation of Reprimo was found in pancreatic cancer (91%), gastric cancer (90%), gallbladder cancer (62%), lymphomas (57%), colorectal cancer (56%) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (40%). In breast cancer, leukemias and lung cancer, promoter methylation of Reprimo was found in less than 40% of tested cases.
Entity name
Gastric cancer
Disease
Aberrant hypermethylation of Reprimo is frequently found in primary gastric cancer as well as in pair plasma samples. In plasma from asymptomatic controls, Reprimo is infrequently methylated. Therefore, plasmatic detection of Reprimo is a putative biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer.
Atlas Image
The above histogram represents the percentage of positive cases for Reprimo and other genes (APC, SHP1, CDH-1, ER, SEMA3B and 3OST2) in 43 prospectively collected gastric cancer cases and 31 asymptomatic age- and gender-matched controls. Only Reprimo shows a significant difference in plasma between gastric cancer and asymptomatic controls (Bernal et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:6264-9).
Entity name
Pancreatic cancer
Disease
Aberrant hypermethylation of Reprimo is also common in pancreatic cell lines (91%) and in pancreatic adenocarcinomas (66%). Reprimo methylation is correlated with poor prognosis in a large series of resected pancreatic cancers. This fact raises the possibility that aberrant methylation of Reprimo is an epigenetic event that may have a mechanistic role in pancreatic cancer.

Article Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
188295072008Reprimo as a potential biomarker for early detection in gastric cancer.Bernal C et al
171218822006Reprimo methylation is a potential biomarker of Barrett's-Associated esophageal neoplastic progression.Hamilton JP et al
109304222000Reprimo, a new candidate mediator of the p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase.Ohki R et al
167524112006Aberrant methylation of Reprimo correlates with genetic instability and predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Sato N et al
157135142005Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in lung cancer.Suzuki M et al
157003112005Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in human malignancies.Takahashi T et al

Other Information

Locus ID:

NCBI: 56475
MIM: 612171
HGNC: 24201
Ensembl: ENSG00000177519

Variants:

dbSNP: 56475
ClinVar: 56475
TCGA: ENSG00000177519
COSMIC: RPRM

RNA/Proteins

Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
ENSG00000177519ENST00000325926Q9NS64

Expression (GTEx)

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Adipose - Subcutaneous
Adipose - Visceral
Adrenal Gland
Artery - Aorta
Artery - Tibial
Bladder
Brain - Amygdala
Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex
Brain - Caudate
Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere
Brain - Cerebellum
Brain - Cortex
Brain - Frontal Cortex
Brain - Hippocampus
Brain - Hypothalamus
Brain - Nucleus accumbens
Brain - Putamen
Brain - Spinal cord
Brain - Substantia nigra
Breast - Mammary Tissue
Cells - Cultured fibroblasts
Cells - EBV - transformed lymphocytes
Cervix - Ectocervix
Cervix - Endocervix
Colon - Sigmoid
Colon - Transverse
Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction
Esophagus - Mucosa
Esophagus - Muscularis
Fallopian Tube
Heart - Atrial Appendage
Heart - Left Ventricle
Kidney - Cortex
Kidney - Medulla
Liver
Lung
Minor Salivary Gland
Muscle - Skeletal
Nerve - Tibial
Ovary
Pancreas
Pituitary
Prostate
Skin - Not Sun Exposed
Skin - Sun Exposed
Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum
Spleen
Stomach
Testis
Thyroid
Uterus
Vagina
Whole Blood

Pathways

PathwaySourceExternal ID
p53 signaling pathwayKEGGko04115
p53 signaling pathwayKEGGhsa04115

References

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
355496462022Downregulated Reprimo by LINC00467 participates in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer.1
355496462022Downregulated Reprimo by LINC00467 participates in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer.1
294011702018Effect of Reprimo Down-regulation on Malignant Transformation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm.3
299417872018The Reprimo Gene Family: A Novel Gene Lineage in Gastric Cancer with Tumor Suppressive Properties.12
294011702018Effect of Reprimo Down-regulation on Malignant Transformation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm.3
299417872018The Reprimo Gene Family: A Novel Gene Lineage in Gastric Cancer with Tumor Suppressive Properties.12
285626202017Reprimo tissue-specific expression pattern is conserved between zebrafish and human.7
288097782017Reprimo, a Potential p53-Dependent Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Frequently Hypermethylated in Estrogen Receptor α-Positive Breast Cancer.7
285626202017Reprimo tissue-specific expression pattern is conserved between zebrafish and human.7
288097782017Reprimo, a Potential p53-Dependent Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Frequently Hypermethylated in Estrogen Receptor α-Positive Breast Cancer.7
279926002016Methylation-Sensitive Melt Curve Analysis of the Reprimo Gene Methylation in Gastric Cancer.10
279926002016Methylation-Sensitive Melt Curve Analysis of the Reprimo Gene Methylation in Gastric Cancer.10
256299802015tp53-dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate gene, Reprimo, is down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.4
259549722015Loss of Expression of Reprimo, a p53-induced Cell Cycle Arrest Gene, Correlates with Invasive Stage of Tumor Progression and p73 Expression in Gastric Cancer.24
259549722015Loss of Expression of Reprimo, a p53-induced Cell Cycle Arrest Gene, Correlates with Invasive Stage of Tumor Progression and p73 Expression in Gastric Cancer.24

Citation

Alejandro H Corvalan ; Veronica A Torres

RPRM (reprimo, TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate)

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2011-11-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/42082/rprm-(reprimo-tp53-dependent-g2-arrest-mediator-candidate)