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| | MIG-6 genomic and protein structures. Exons: E1 to E4; coding regions: blue boxes; non-coding regions: orange boxes; CRIB: Cdc42/Rac-interaction and binding domain; AH region: ACK1 homology region; EBR: EGFR-binding region; 14-3-3 BD: 14-3-3 binding motif; SH3 BD: Src homology-3 domain binding motifs; two PEST sequences are indicated in red boxes. |
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| Description | MIG-6 is a 58-kDa non-kinase scaffolding adaptor protein consisting of 462 amino-acids. Several conserved protein-protein interaction motifs/domains are present in this protein: a CRIB domain is in the N-terminus, and has been shown to interact with CDC42 and IκBα ; multiple proline-rich motifs are present in the middle of the molecule, and can bind to SH3 domain containing proteins like GRB2; and a 14-3-3 protein binding motif and two PEST sequences are also present. A large portion of its C-terminus (AH domain) shares a high homology with ACK1 kinase, and an EGFR-binding domain is mapped within this region. |
| Expression | MIG-6 is highly expressed in the liver and kidney. Moderate to low expression is observed in the brain, lung, placenta, heart, thymus, and some other tissues. |
| Localisation | It is mainly localized in the cytoplasm. |
| Function | MIG-6 is a negative feedback regulator of EGFR and Met receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. MIG-6 inhibits EGFR-mediated cell transformation and cell cycle progression in NIH3T3 cells. It can physically interact with EGFR, causing inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation and downstream activation. This inhibition is likely due to a blockage of EGFR dimer formation by MIG-6, as a crystal structure reveals binding of MIG-6 to the EGFR kinase domain interface. MIG-6 inhibits Met-mediated cell migration, likely through blocking HGF/SF-induced CDC42 activation (although it does not physically interact with Met). Expression of MIG-6 has also been shown to activate NFκB by sequestering IκBα. The involvement of other MIG-6-interacting molecules in regulating the signaling output remains to be determined.
MIG-6 may function as a tumor suppressor gene, and is likely to play an important role in skin morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis and stress response. Disruption of Mig-6 results in hyperproliferation of the cells in the tissues like joint, gallbladder and skin. Mice with Mig-6 deficiency are prone to the formation of lung, gallbladder, bile duct, and skin cancers, and they develop early onset degenerative joint disease in heavily used joints. Reduced expression of MIG-6 has been observed in several human cancers including breast, ovarian, and skin cancers. While rare, mutations in MIG-6 have also been identified in human lung cancer. |
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