t(1;7)(p34;q34) TRB/LCK

2003-08-01   Jacques Boyer  

1.Laboratoire d hématologie, CH du MANS, France

Clinics and Pathology

Disease

Specifically associated with T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). This translocation is related to LCK dysregulation.

Phenotype stem cell origin

T lineage.

Epidemiology

Rare : < 1% among T-ALL

Genes Involved and Proteins

Gene name
TRB (T cell Receptor Beta)
Location
7q34
Dna rna description
The TRB locus at 7q35 spans 685 Kb. The locus contains 2 types of coding elements : TCR elements (64-67 variable genes TRBV, 2 clusters of diversity, joining and constant segments) and 8 trypsinogen genes. A portion of the TCRB locus has been duplicated and translocated to the chromosome 9 at 9p21.
Protein description
T cell receptor beta chains.
Gene name
LCK (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase)
Location
1p35.1
Dna rna description
The LCK gene encodes a lymphocyte-specific member of the Src family of protein kinases. Size and orientation strand are unknown. This gene is assigned to bands 1p34.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridation and its mapping relative to the reference marker pYNZ2 (D1S57).
Dna rna description
LCK is normally expressed from two distinct promoters.
Dna rna description
  • A proximal promoter initiates transcripts designated as type I.
    • Dna rna description
  • A distal promoter, found approximately 30 kb further upstream, initiates transcripts designated as type II.
    • Dna rna description
    Human thymocytes and all the leukemic T cell lines express both type I and type II LCK transcripts, albeit at different levels. Peripheral blood mature T cell express mainly type II LCK transcripts.
    Dna rna description
    The two types of human LCK transcripts are distingued by their 5-untranslated regions. However, the protein kinase encoded by both transcripts is the same.
    Protein description
    The human lymphocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase is a 57869kDa protein (p56LCK) 508 amino acids, involved in T-cell and IL2-receptor signaling important for antigen-induced T-cell activation.

    Result of the Chromosomal Anomaly

    Description

    The T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line HSB-2 has the t(1;7)(p34;q34) translocation. The T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line SUP-T12 has the same translocation.
    The breakpoint in the HSB-2 cell line at 1p34 occurs between the type I and type II promoters and thus separates the two LCK promoters and the type II promoter is translocated to the der(7) chromosome. The breakpoint in the SUP-T12 at 1p34 occurs 2kb upstream of the type II promoter, leaving an intact LCK gene on the der(1) chromosome.
    In HSB-2 the t(1;7) fuses the TCRB constant region and transcriptionnal enhancer with the type I transcription unit of LCK on the der(1) chromosome. (the type II promoter is translocated to the der(7) chromosome). Thus the TCRB enhancer upregulates the type I trancripts.
    An independent t(1;7) in SUP-T12 also resulted in the juxtaposition of LCK to TCRB. The p56LCK protein is elevated approximately 2-fold in comparaison with that in normal T-cell lines and total cellular tyrosine phosphorylation is elevated approximately 10-fold.

    Note

    No fusion protein.

    Oncogenesis

    The oncogenic p56LCK in T-cell-leukemia lines contains an amino acid substitution within the CD4/CD8 binding domain, two substitutions in the kinase domain and an insertion between the SH2 and kinase domains. These mutations of LCK and the overexpression of p56LCK protein may contribute to some human T-cell leukemias.

    Article Bibliography

    Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
    86053271996Cytogenetic abnormalities in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: correlations with hematologic findings outcome. A Collaborative Study of the Group Français de Cytogénétique Hématologique.
    80494391994Molecular analysis of the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated t(1;7)(p34;q34) that fuses LCK and TCRB.Burnett RC et al
    120868902002Gene expression signatures define novel oncogenic pathways in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Ferrando AA et al
    13770081992Karyotype and T-cell receptor expression in T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Secker-Walker LM et al

    Summary

    Fusion gene

    TRB/LCK TRB (-) LCK (1p35.1) M t(1;7)(p35;q34)

    Citation

    Jacques Boyer

    t(1;7)(p34;q34) TRB/LCK

    Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2003-08-01

    Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/haematological/1045/deep-insight-explorer/js/hgnc