Malignant odontogenic tumors

2025-11-24   Paola Dal Cin, PhD 

1.Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston , MA (USA)

Keywords
{BRAF} p.V600E mutation, EWSR1 rearrangements , CTNNB1 mutation

Classification

Definition

Malignant odontogenic tumorsGenetic marker(s)
Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma (SOC)FISH for EWSR1 is a powerful tool for discriminating clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) from sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma (SOC). The absence of EWSR1 rearrangement indicates that it is more likely to be a SOC than a CCOC. 1
Ameloblastic carcinoma (ACA)BRAF p.V600E mutations have been also reported in ACA but in low frequency than ameloblastoma 2 TP53, APC and CTNNB1 mutations can be present in BRAF-wild-type ACA. 3
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC)EWSR1 rearrangements were found, mainly as EWSR1::ATF1 or alternative EWSR1:CREB1 , as salivary clear cell carcinomas 4,5
Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOCCTNNB1 is the driver mutation in this entity, with Ser33Cys reported most frequently, 6 . Single cases showed i n addition to the CTNNB1, also ARIDIA mutation, 7 or CREBBP and KMT2D .8
Primary intraosseous carcinoma NOSPrimary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) NOS, is a rare odontogenic tumor growing inside the jaw bones that cannot be categorized as any other type of carcinoma , arising either from a previous odontogenic cyst , or de novo. 9,10 So far no specific genetic findings have been identified . A single case of PIOC with histopathological findings showed a transition from the odontogenic keratocyst to the carcinoma exhibited activation YAP signaling by Wnt/β-catenin signaling .11

Article Bibliography

Reference NumberPubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors
1382982942024Sclerosing Odontogenic Carcinoma With a Prominent Clear Cell Component Mimicking Odontogenic Clear Cell Carcinoma: An Extremely Rare Case With a Fatal Clinical Outcome.Shen FC et al
2331768232020Study on clinical and biological characteristics of ameloblastic carcinoma.Niu Z et al
3350480582021The Molecular Pathology of Odontogenic Tumors: Expanding the Spectrum of MAPK Pathway Driven Tumors.Guimarães LM et al
4237151632013Clear cell odontogenic carcinomas show EWSR1 rearrangements: a novel finding and a biological link to salivary clear cell carcinomas.Bilodeau EA et al
5336168522021Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: First Report of Novel EWSR1-CREM Fusion Gene in Case of Long-Term Misdiagnosis.Breik O et al
6389013682024β-catenin nuclear translocation and WNT pathway mutations in ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: A literature review and proposal of a new molecular-based classification "WNT pathway-altered malignant odontogenic tumor".Oh KY et al
7402790342025Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma of the Anterior Maxilla with ARID1A Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review.Almadan NM et al
8265007252015Metastatic Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: Description of a Case and Search for Actionable Targets.Rappaport MJ et al
9164489212006Primary intraosseous odontogenic carcinoma arising in an odontogenic cyst or de novo: a clinicopathologic study of six new cases.Chaisuparat R et al
10321134652020Genetic and histopathological analysis of a case of primary intraosseous carcinoma, NOS with features of both ameloblastic carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.Yukimori A et al
11389083352024Wnt/β-catenin-YAP axis in the pathogenesis of primary intraosseous carcinoma NOS, deriving from odontogenic keratocyst.Nakako Y et al

Citation

Paola Dal Cin, PhD

Malignant odontogenic tumors

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2025-11-24

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/209344/malignant-odontogenic-tumors