TRD (T cell Receptor Delta)

Identity

HGNC	TRD@
Location	14q11.2
	for complete Figure, see: chromosome 14, IMGT (The International ImMunoGeneTics information system ®) © Copyright 1995-2003 IMGT, IMGT is a CNRS trademark

Note	The TRD locus is embedded in the TRA locus, between the TRAV and TRAJ genes. The orientation of the locus has been determined by the analysis of translocations, involving the TRD locus, in leukemia and lymphoma

DNA/RNA

	TRA/TRD V-GENE: Green box: Functional; Red: Pseudogene. D-GENE: Blue: Functional. J-GENE: Yellow: Functional; Pale yellow: Open reading frame; Red: Pseudogene. C-GENE: Blue: Functional. for complete Figure, see: locus TRD, IMGT (The International ImMunoGeneTics information system ®) © Copyright 1995-2003 IMGT, IMGT is a CNRS trademark
Description	The human TRD locus at 14q11.2 comprises a cluster of one TRDV gene (TRDV2), three TRDD segments, and four TRDJ segments, upstream of the unique TRDC gene; another TRDV gene (TRDV3) is localized downstream of the TRDC gene, in inverted orientation of transcription. This cluster spans 60 kb and is localized inside the TRA locus, between the TRAV genes and the TRAJ segments. One TRDV gene (TRDV1) is localized at 360 kb upstream of the TRDC gene, among the TRAV genes. Five variable genes have been found rearranged to both (D)J segments of the TRD locus and TRAJ segments, and can therefore be used for the synthesis of both delta and alpha chains. These genes are described as TRAV/DV. The TRDV genes are unique members of different subgroups. All the TRD genes are functional, with the exception of one TRAV/DV, which has been found either functional or as a pseudogene. Enhancer sequences have been described between the TRDJ3 and the TRDC gene. List of the human TRD genes

Protein

Description

Proteins encoded by the TRD locus are the T cell receptor delta chains. They result from the recombination (or rearrangement), at the DNA level, of three genes: TRDV, TRDD and TRDJ, with deletion of the intermediary DNA to create a rearranged TRDV-D-J gene. The rearranged TRDV-D-J gene is transcribed with the TRDC gene and translated into a T cell receptor delta chain. Translation of the variable germline genes involved in the TRDV-D-J rearrangements are available at IMGT Repertoire Protein displays. TRD V-D-J rearrangements can be analysed using the IMGT/V-QUEST tool.

Mutations

Note	Mutations which correspond to allelic polymorphisms of the functional germline TRDV, TRDD, TRDJ and TRDC genes are described in the IMGT database: (IMGT Repertoire>Alignments of alleles)

Implicated in

Entity	Translocations which frequently result from errors of the recombinase enzyme complexe (RAG1, RAG2, etc.), responsable of the Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V-J and V-D-J rearrangements. TRDV, TRDD or TRDJ recombination signals or isolated heptamer are frequently observed at the breakpoints.
Entity	t(1;14)(p32;q11); involve TAL1 in 1p32
Prognosis	median survival > 5 yrs in children
Entity	t(8;14)(q24;q11); involve MYC in 8q24
Disease	T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); rare
Entity	t(10;14)(q24;q11); involve HOX11 in 10q24
Disease	T- cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Prognosis	not unfavourable
Entity	t(11;14)(p13;q11); involve RBTN2 in 11p13
Disease	T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
Entity	t(11;14)(p15;q11); involve RBTN1 in 11p15
Disease	T-cell Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
Entity	t(14;14)(q11;q32), inv(14)(q11q32); involve TCL1 in 14q32
Disease	T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Prognosis	poor

Breakpoints

External links

	Nomenclature
HGNC	TRD@   12252
Entrez_Gene	TRD@  6964  T cell receptor delta locus
	Cards
Atlas	TCRDID279
GeneCards	TRD@
Ensembl	TRD@ [Search_View]   ENSG00000124678 [Gene_View]
Genatlas	TRD@
GeneLynx	TRD@
eGenome	TRD@
euGene	6964
	Genomic and cartography
GoldenPath	TRD@  -  14q11.2   chr14:21961571-22001823 +  14q11.2   [Description]    (hg18-Mar_2006)
Ensembl	TRD@ - 14q11.2 [CytoView]
NCBI	Mapview
OMIM	Disease map [OMIM]
HomoloGene	TRD@
	Gene and transcription
Genbank	AF512436 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AF512438 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AF512442 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AJ583013 [ ENTREZ ]
Genbank	AM408120 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	AC_000057 [ SRS ]    AC_000057 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NC_000014 [ SRS ]    NC_000014 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NG_001332 [ SRS ]    NG_001332 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NT_026437 [ SRS ]    NT_026437 [ ENTREZ ]
RefSeq	NW_925539 [ SRS ]    NW_925539 [ ENTREZ ]
AceView	TRD@ AceView - NCBI
Unigene	Hs.714188 [ SRS ]    Hs.714188 [ NCBI ]     HS714188 [ spliceNest ]
	Protein : pattern, domain, 3D structure
	Protein Interaction databases
	Polymorphism : SNP, mutations, diseases
OMIM	186810    [ map ]
GENECLINICS	186810
SNP	TRD@ [dbSNP-NCBI]
SNP	TRD@ [GeneSNPs - Utah]  TRD@] [HGBASE - SRS]
HAPMAP	TRD@ [HAPMAP]
HGMD	TRD@
	General knowledge
Family Browser	TRD@ [UCSC Family Browser]
SMD	Hs.714188
SAGE	Hs.714188
PubGene	TRD@
TreeFam	TRD@
CTD	6964 [Comparative ToxicoGenomics Database]
	Other databases
Other database	TRD@ - IMGT
	Probes
Probe	Probes IMGT
Probe	TRD@ Related clones (RZPD - Berlin)
	PubMed
PubMed	27 Pubmed reference(s) in LocusLink

Bibliography

Nomenclature of the human T cell Receptor genes (Review)

Lefranc MP

Current Protocols in Immunology. 2000.

The T cell Receptor FactsBook (Review)

Lefranc MP and Lefranc G

Academic Press, London, UK (. 1939.

Locus Map and Genomic repertoire of the Human Immunoglobulin Genes (Review)

Lefranc MP

The immunologist,. 2000.

REVIEW articles	automatic search in PubMed
Last year publications	automatic search in PubMed

Search in all EBI   NCBI

Contributor(s)

Written	07-2000	Marie-Paule Lefranc
Updated	09-2003	Marie-Paule Lefranc

Citation

This paper should be referenced as such :

Lefranc MP . TRD (T cell Receptor Delta). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. July 2000 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/TCRDID279.html

Lefranc MP . TRD (T cell Receptor Delta). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. September 2003 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/TCRDID279.html

© Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

indexed on : Mon Aug 11 21:17:55 2008