FANCC (Fanconi anaemia complementation group C)

2012-07-01   Hemantika Dasgupta  , Chinmay Kumar Panda  

Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India

Identity

HGNC
LOCATION
9q22.32
IMAGE
Atlas Image
LEGEND
Probe(s) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics.
LOCUSID
ALIAS
FA3,FAC,FACC
FUSION GENES

DNA/RNA

Description

14 exons; spans 80 kb.

Transcription

mRNA of 2.3, 3.2, and 4.6 kb (alternative splicing in 5, variable 3 untranslated region, exon 13 skipping).

Proteins

Description

558 amino acids; 63 kDa.

Expression

Wide, in particular in the bones; high expression in proliferating cells, low in differentiated cells.

Localisation

Cytoplasmic (mostly) and nuclear.

Function

- FANCA and FANCG form a complex in the cytoplasm, through a N-term FANCA (involving the nuclear localization signal) - FANCG interaction; FANCC join the complex; phosphorylation of FANCA would induce its translocation into the nucleus. This FA complex translocates into the nucleus, where FANCE and FANCF are present; FANCE and FANCF join the complex. The FA complex subsequently interacts with FANCD2 by monoubiquitination of FANCD2 during S phase or following DNA damage. Activated (ubiquinated ) FANCD2, downstream in the FA pathway, will then interact with other proteins involved in DNA repair, possibly BRCA1; after DNA repair, FANCD2 return to the non-ubiquinated form.
- FANCC may have mutlifunctional roles, in addition to its involvement in the FA pathway. FANCC binds to cdc2 (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase), STAT1, GRP94 (a chaperon protein), NADPH, and a number of other proteins; involved in DNA repair and in suppressing interferon gamma induced cellular apoptosis.
There are 15 FA genes that make up the FA pathway. Among these FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCM and FANCL form the core complex. During G1 phase of cell cycle these proteins are localized in the cytoplasm. During S phase or during DNA damage FANCA and FANCG at first form a complex in the cytoplasm followed by its interaction with FANCC. Then the complex translocates to the nucleus. In the nucleus other FA proteins like FANCE, F, B, M and L interact with the complex. They cooperatively bind to form the core complex. FANCL has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The core complex then activates FANCD2 and FANCI by monoubiquitination. The activated FANCD2-FANCI complex then interact with other FA genes like FANCP/SLX4, FANCD1/BRCA2, FANCJ/BRIP1 and FANCN/PALB2 for efficient DNA repair.
FANCC helps in accumulation of FANCE and it has role in foci formation of MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex in response to intrastrand crosslink inducers.
FANCC binds to cdc2 (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase), it is necessary for DNA damage-induced G2/M checkpoint in vitro and in vivo.
In response to oxidative DNA damage, FANCC prevents premature senescence in hematopoietic stem cells. It interacts with cytochrome p-450 reductase and NADPH during increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
In hematopoietic stem cells it regulates apoptosis, self renewal capacity and cell cycle control. It inhibits activity of dsRNA dependent protein kinase mediated death signaling pathway by interacting with Hsp70. FANCC and p53 cooperatively work in apoptosis. It has role in suppressing interferon gamma induced cellular apoptosis.
In normal oral epithelium, a gradual increase of FANCC protein expression from basal to parabasal layer to spinous layer suggesting its role in cellular proliferation and differentiation.
FANCC is important for proper functioning of monocytes/macrophages. It suppresses TNFα production in mononuclear phagocytes by suppressing TLR8 activity.
FANCC interacts with STAT1, GRP94 (a chaperon protein). It has role in telomere attrition and telomere recombination.

Homology

No known homology.

Mutations

Germinal

Most mutations are found in exon1, intron 4, and exon 14.

Implicated in

Entity name
Fanconi anaemia (FA)
Note
FACC is implicated in the FA complementation group C; it represents about 15% of FA cases.
Disease
Fanconi anaemia is a chromosome instability syndrome/cancer prone disease (at risk of leukaemia).
Prognosis
- Fanconi anaemias prognosis is poor; mean survival is 16 years: patients die of bone marrow failure (infections, haemorrhages), leukaemia, or androgen therapy related liver tumours.
- It has recently been shown that significant phenotypic differences were found between the various complementation groups. FA group C patients had less somatic abnormalities. However, there is a certain clinical heterogeneity.
Cytogenetics
Spontaneous,chromatid/chromosome breaks; increased rate of breaks compared to control, when induced by breaking agent.
Hybrid gene
Mutations in exon 4, 13 leading to deletion of exon 9 were reported in Brazilian Fanconi Anemia patients.
Oncogenesis
Fanconi anemia patients are prone to develop head and neck, esophageal, gastrointestinal, vulvar and anal cancers.
Frequent deletion and promoter methylation are observed in FANCC gene in oral cancer, breast cancer, acute leukemia and pancreatic cancer.
Entity name
Diabetes and obesity
Note
FANCC prevents diabetes and obesity.

Article Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors

Other Information

Locus ID:

NCBI: 2176
MIM: 613899
HGNC: 3584
Ensembl: ENSG00000158169

Variants:

dbSNP: 2176
ClinVar: 2176
TCGA: ENSG00000158169
COSMIC: FANCC

RNA/Proteins

Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
ENSG00000158169ENST00000289081Q00597
ENSG00000158169ENST00000289081A0A024R9N2
ENSG00000158169ENST00000375305Q00597
ENSG00000158169ENST00000375305A0A024R9N2
ENSG00000158169ENST00000433829B1ALR7
ENSG00000158169ENST00000474949B4E3W2
ENSG00000158169ENST00000490972A0A087WW44
ENSG00000158169ENST00000647778A0A3B3IU87
ENSG00000158169ENST00000647882A0A3B3IS26
ENSG00000158169ENST00000649334A0A0S2Z3N5
ENSG00000158169ENST00000649519B4E3W2
ENSG00000158169ENST00000649611A0A3B3ITN9
ENSG00000158169ENST00000649872A0A3B3IS92

Expression (GTEx)

0
5
10
15

Pathways

PathwaySourceExternal ID
Fanconi anemia pathwayKEGGko03460
Fanconi anemia pathwayKEGGhsa03460
FA core complexKEGGhsa_M00413
FA core complexKEGGM00413
Gene ExpressionREACTOMER-HSA-74160
Generic Transcription PathwayREACTOMER-HSA-212436
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53REACTOMER-HSA-3700989
DNA RepairREACTOMER-HSA-73894
Fanconi Anemia PathwayREACTOMER-HSA-6783310
TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair GenesREACTOMER-HSA-6796648

Protein levels (Protein atlas)

Not detected
Low
Medium
High

References

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
348640952022In silico study of missense variants of FANCA, FANCC and FANCG genes reveals high risk deleterious alleles predisposing to Fanconi anemia pathogenesis.1
348640952022In silico study of missense variants of FANCA, FANCC and FANCG genes reveals high risk deleterious alleles predisposing to Fanconi anemia pathogenesis.1
339606422021Microdeletion of 9q22.3: A patient with minimal deletion size associated with a severe phenotype.2
339606422021Microdeletion of 9q22.3: A patient with minimal deletion size associated with a severe phenotype.2
330735002020Zika virus depletes neural stem cells and evades selective autophagy by suppressing the Fanconi anemia protein FANCC.12
330735002020Zika virus depletes neural stem cells and evades selective autophagy by suppressing the Fanconi anemia protein FANCC.12
314673042019Two truncating variants in FANCC and breast cancer risk.3
314673042019Two truncating variants in FANCC and breast cancer risk.3
298438522018Fanconi anaemia in South Africa: Past, present and future.2
299011372018Fanconi anemia complementation group C protection against oxidative stress‑induced β‑cell apoptosis.3
299302182018Fanconi Anemia complementation group C protein in metabolic disorders.7
298438522018Fanconi anaemia in South Africa: Past, present and future.2
299011372018Fanconi anemia complementation group C protection against oxidative stress‑induced β‑cell apoptosis.3
299302182018Fanconi Anemia complementation group C protein in metabolic disorders.7
284252592017Analysis of FANCC gene mutations (IVS4+4A>T, del322G, and R548X)in patients with Fanconi anemia in Pakistan.3

Citation

Hemantika Dasgupta ; Chinmay Kumar Panda

FANCC (Fanconi anaemia complementation group C)

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2012-07-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/101/js/lib/tumors-explorer/gene-fusions-explorer/

Historical Card

2002-06-01 FANCC (Fanconi anaemia complementation group C) by  Jean-Loup Huret 

Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France

1998-02-01 FANCC (Fanconi anaemia complementation group C) by  Jean-Loup Huret 

Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France