S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P)

2008-07-01   Sayka Barry  , Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic  

Institute of Cancer, Barts, The London, Queen Marys School of Medicine, Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom

Identity

HGNC
LOCATION
4p16.1
LOCUSID
ALIAS
MIG9
FUSION GENES

DNA/RNA

Description

S100P gene contains two exons and one intron. Genomic size of 3,332 bases.

Transcription

1279 bases mRNA; 288 bases coding sequences. The transcript is on Chromosome 4 at location 6,745,697-6,749,797.

Pseudogene

None identified.

Proteins

Description

S100P protein consists of 95 amino acids with a molecular weight of 10.4 kDa.
S100P is a Ca2+ binding protein that belongs to S100 family ("Soluble in 100% saturated solution with ammonium sulfate") which was first isolated from human placenta and is therefore designated as "P". S100 family includes at least 26 members, which are thought to be expressed only in vertebrates and are present in a tissue and cell-specific manner. S100 proteins are characterized by common structural motifs including 2 EF-hands (helix-loop-helix calcium binding domains) with different affinities for calcium ions, a central hinge region and the C-terminal extension. The N-terminal half of the protein contains an unconventional EF hand that binds calcium with lower affinity, while the C-terminal is canonical and binds calcium with high affinity. The connecting hinge region and the C-terminal extension are the most variable regions and thus determine the functional specificity of S100 family members, including S100P. In addition to Ca2+, S100P also binds Zn2+ and Mg2+ and can form homo- and heterodimers.

Expression

S100P is expressed in various normal tissues including placenta, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, spleen, mammary epithelium, epidermis, prostate gland, gastric and intestinal mucosa, and malignant tissues such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, ovarian, breast, colon and prostate carcinoma as well as in the body fluids such as tear, pancreatic juice, blood and urine.

Localisation

Cytoplasm, nucleus, also secreted in the culture media.

Function

S100P is involved in diverse biological functions but the exact role or mechanism of its action is still largely unknown. Upon binding of calcium ions S100P undergoes a conformational change that results in an exposure of a hydrophobic surface which allows the interaction with specific target proteins. To date, several S100P interacting partners have been identified including S100P binding protein S100PBP, EZR, S100A1, ECD, CacyBP, RAGE, S100Z and S100A6, but the consequences of their interactions are not fully understood.

Homology

S100P shares 50% sequence identity with human S100A1 and 44% identity with S100B.

Mutations

Note

Mutations have not been reported.

Implicated in

Entity name
Cancers
Disease
S100P has been associated with the progression of several types of cancer including pancreatic, prostate, non-small cell lung, breast, and colorectal cancer.
Oncogenesis
S100P has been implicated in migration, invasion, proliferation and survival of cancer cells in vitro and increased tumour growth in vivo. In fibroblasts, S100P has been shown to function as an autocrine growth and survival factor that enhanced cell proliferation and survival by activating RAGE receptor through MAPK and NF-kB signaling.
Entity name
Pancreatic cancer
Oncogenesis
The up-regulation of S100P is an early event in the development of pancreatic cancer and its expression increases throughout the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) to invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. S100P plays a critical role in the maintenance of the structural organization of intermediate filaments (cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19) and actin cytoskeleton, and its over-expression changes the phosphorylation status of the actin regulatory protein cofilin. Over-expression of S100P also increases the expression of S100A6 and cathepsin D, both of which are involved in cellular invasion. As S100P is expressed early in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is secreted into body fluids, it can serve as an useful diagnostic marker.
Entity name
Prostate cancer
Oncogenesis
In prostate cancer over-expression of S100P increases cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. S100P over-expression also up-regulates androgen receptor that leads to prostate cancer progression. Its expression has also been associated with poor clinical prognosis of patients with this malignancy.
Entity name
Non-small-cell lung cancer
Oncogenesis
Higher levels of S100P have been correlated with progression to metastasis and decreased survival in patients with lung cancer. This may also serve as a predictor of distant metastasis and poor survival in non-small cell lung carcinomas.
Entity name
Colorectal cancer
Oncogenesis
In colon cancer, expression of S100P correlates with resistance to chemotherapy and has also been associated with doxorubicin resistance in colon cancer cell lines.
Entity name
Breast cancer
Oncogenesis
S100P has been associated with immortalization of breast cancer cells in vitro and tumour progression in vivo. Higher level of S100P expression has also been correlated with decreased survival in patients with breast cancer.
Entity name
Other cancer types
Note
S100P is also expressed at higher levels in gastric, ovarian and cervical carcinomas.

Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors

Other Information

Locus ID:

NCBI: 6286
MIM: 600614
HGNC: 10504
Ensembl: ENSG00000163993

Variants:

dbSNP: 6286
ClinVar: 6286
TCGA: ENSG00000163993
COSMIC: S100P

RNA/Proteins

Gene IDTranscript IDUniprot
ENSG00000163993ENST00000296370P25815

Expression (GTEx)

0
50
100
150
200
250

Pathways

PathwaySourceExternal ID
Immune SystemREACTOMER-HSA-168256
Innate Immune SystemREACTOMER-HSA-168249
Neutrophil degranulationREACTOMER-HSA-6798695

Protein levels (Protein atlas)

Not detected
Low
Medium
High

References

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
383426012024RBMS1 Coordinates with the m(6)A Reader YTHDF1 to Promote NSCLC Metastasis through Stimulating S100P Translation.1
386409802024S100P facilitates LUAD progression via PKA/c-Jun-mediated tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and polarization.0
383426012024RBMS1 Coordinates with the m(6)A Reader YTHDF1 to Promote NSCLC Metastasis through Stimulating S100P Translation.1
386409802024S100P facilitates LUAD progression via PKA/c-Jun-mediated tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and polarization.0
374334002023Novel cell subtypes of SPP1 + S100P+, MS4A1-SPP1 + S100P+ were key subpopulations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.1
376272962023An Extracellular/Membrane-Bound S100P Pool Regulates Motility and Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblast Lines and Primary Cells.0
378533452023S100P as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: a bioinformatics analysis and in vitro study.2
374334002023Novel cell subtypes of SPP1 + S100P+, MS4A1-SPP1 + S100P+ were key subpopulations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.1
376272962023An Extracellular/Membrane-Bound S100P Pool Regulates Motility and Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblast Lines and Primary Cells.0
378533452023S100P as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: a bioinformatics analysis and in vitro study.2
355978662022Calcium-binding protein S100P is a new target gene of MACC1, drives colorectal cancer metastasis and serves as a prognostic biomarker.9
361871242022S100P promotes trophoblast syncytialization during early placenta development by regulating YAP1.2
362333012022Calcium-Bound S100P Protein Is a Promiscuous Binding Partner of the Four-Helical Cytokines.4
355978662022Calcium-binding protein S100P is a new target gene of MACC1, drives colorectal cancer metastasis and serves as a prognostic biomarker.9
361871242022S100P promotes trophoblast syncytialization during early placenta development by regulating YAP1.2

Citation

Sayka Barry ; Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic

S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P)

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2008-07-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/42196/img/meetings/js/template.js