t(9;12)(q34;p13) ETV6/ABL1

2014-03-01   Etienne De Braekeleer  , Etienne De Braekeleer  , Etienne De Braekeleer  

1.Cytogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, France
2.The Ohio State University, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, 167 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Clinics and Pathology

Disease

Malignant hemopathies (26 cases reported)

Phenotype stem cell origin

AML (3 cases), B-cell ALL (8 cases), T-cell ALL (1 case), RAEB evolving into AML (1 case), chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (2 cases), Philadelphia chromosome-negative CML (11 cases).

Epidemiology

Gender: 17 males, 8 females; age at diagnosis: 8 months to 81 years.

Clinics

Eosinophilia appears to be a common feature of malignancies associated with the ETV6-ABL1 fusion gene (15/20 cases).

Note

The t(9;12)(q34;p13) involves the ETV6 gene (12p13), a transcription factor frequently rearranged in myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. More than 30 ETV6 fusion gene partners have been described. Most translocations involving ETV6 generate fusion genes that lead to the activation of transcription factors or kinases but other mechanisms are also known (loss of function of the fusion gene affecting ETV6 and the partner gene, activation of a proto-oncogene in the vicinity of a chromosomal translocation and dominant negative effect of the fusion protein over transcriptional repression mediated by wild-type ETV6).

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics morphological

t(9;12)(q34;p13) is very difficult to be identified by conventional cytogenetics.

Cytogenetics molecular

t(9;12)(q34;p13) usually requires FISH analysis with ETV6 and ABL1 probes to be detected (cryptic translocation). Insertions are also frequently identified.

Additional anomalies

Additional anomalies are frequent but show no consistent features (trisomies and monosomies of various chromosomes, structural rearrangements including deletions and translocations).

Variants

t(9;12;14)(q34;p13;q22) (seen in conventional cytogenetics),
t(8;9;12)(p12;q34;p13) (seen in conventional cytogenetics),
ins(9;12)(q34;p13p13) (seen by molecular cytogenetics),
ins(12;9)(p13;q34q34) (seen by molecular cytogenetics).

Genes Involved and Proteins

Gene name
ETV6 (ets variant 6)
Location
12p13.2
Note
The ETV6 gene encodes a transcription factor frequently rearranged in myeloid and lymphoid leukemias.
Dna rna description
The ETV6 gene spans a region of less than 250 kb at band 12p13.1 and consists of 8 exons. There are two start codons, one (exon 1a starting at codon 1) located at the beginning of the gene and another alternative (exon 1b starting at codon 43) upstream of exon 3.
Protein description
The ETV6 protein (452 amino acids) contains two major domains, the HLH (helix-loop-helix) and ETS domains. The HLH domain, also referred to as the pointed or sterile alpha motif domain, is encoded by exons 3 and 4 and functions as a homo-oligodimerization domain. The ETS domain, encoded by exons 6 through 8, is responsible for sequence specific DNA-binding and protein-protein interaction.
Gene name
ABL1 (v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1)
Location
9q34.12
Dna rna description
The ABL1 gene, spanning a 230-kb region at band 9q34, includes the 5 alternative first exons 1b and 1a and ten common exons numbered from 2 to 11. Alternative splicing using exons 1b and 1a gives rise to mRNA of 7 and 6 kb, respectively.
Protein description
The ABL1 protein has three SRC homology (SH) domains called SH1, SH2 and SH3, of which SH1 that has a tyrosine kinase function. The SH2 and SH3 domains are involved in protein-protein interactions, which regulate the tyrosine kinase activity; they are necessary for signal transduction function. The ABL1 protein has also three nuclear localization signal domains and three DNA binding regions and an F-actin binding domain.

Result of the Chromosomal Anomaly

Transcript

Two ETV6-ABL1 transcripts were identified in most of the patients, one joining exon 5 of ETV6 to exon 2 of ABL1, the other, usually found at very low levels, joining ETV6 exon 4 to ABL1 exon 2.
Atlas Image
Schematic diagram of the ETV6, ABL1 and ETV6-ABL1 proteins.

Description

The fusion protein retains all three SH domains, including the tyrosine kinase domain, of ABL1, which make these patients sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The retained N-terminal part of the ETV6 protein contains the helix-loop-helix domain necessary for oligomerization of the protein, which is required for tyrosine kinase activation, cytoskeletal localization and neoplastic transformation.

Oncogenesis

Constitutive tyrosine kinase activation of ABL1.

Highly cited references

Pubmed IDYearTitleCitations
214350022011ABL1 fusion genes in hematological malignancies: a review.32
200730702010ABL1 rearrangements in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.21
272297142016Characterization of leukemias with ETV6-ABL1 fusion.18
111702852001Molecular cytogenetic and clinical findings in ETV6/ABL1-positive leukemia.17
295070762018Prognostic impact of kinase-activating fusions and IKZF1 deletions in pediatric high-risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.12
205899322010Acute leukemias with ETV6/ABL1 (TEL/ABL) fusion: poor prognosis and prenatal origin.12
286504742017An activating mutation of GNB1 is associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in ETV6-ABL1-positive leukemia.10
128233492003Clinical and genetic studies of ETV6/ABL1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis treated with imatinib mesylate.10
223735492012Detection of ETV6 gene rearrangements in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.9
211934232011ETV6-ABL1-positive "chronic myeloid leukemia": clinical and molecular response to tyrosine kinase inhibition.9
211024292011ABL fusion oncogene transformation and inhibitor sensitivity are mediated by the cellular regulator RIN1.9
231718112013Variant of ETV6/ABL1 gene is associated with leukemia phenotype.8
206183342010A doctor(s) dilemma: ETV6-ABL1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.8
121613532002Clonal eosinophils are a morphologic hallmark of ETV6/ABL1 positive acute myeloid leukemia.8
322793312020Response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in myeloid neoplasms associated with PCM1-JAK2, BCR-JAK2 and ETV6-ABL1 fusion genes.7
240531432013Myeloproliferative neoplasm with ETV6-ABL1 fusion: a case report and literature review.7
186156812008Chronic phase of ETV6-ABL1 positive CML responds to imatinib.7
186566922008Establishment and cytogenetic characterization of a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (ALL-VG) with ETV6/ABL1 rearrangement.7
275706242016A novel three-way rearrangement involving ETV6 (12p13) and ABL1 (9q34) with an unknown partner on 3p25 resulting in a possible ETV6-ABL1 fusion in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and a review of the literature.6
243185922014Extramedullary T-lymphoid blast crisis of an ETV6/ABL1-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm with t(9;12)(q34;p13) and t(7;14)(p13;q11.2).6
157890672005Broad molecular screening of an unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorder reveals an unexpected ETV6/ABL1 fusion transcript.5
301682452018A triple-probe FISH screening strategy for risk-stratified therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in low-resource settings.4
253688262014A cryptic ETV6/ABL1 rearrangement represents a unique fluorescence in situ hybridization signal pattern in a patient with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia.4
322999022021Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia/ basophilia and ETV6-ABL1 fusion: cell-of-origin and response to tyrosine kinase inhibition.2
314259232019Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with ETV6-ABL1 rearrangement and SMC1A mutation.2
297260592018Two novel fusion genes, AIF1L-ETV6 and ABL1-AIF1L, result together with ETV6-ABL1 from a single chromosomal rearrangement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with prenatal origin.2
278125002016An ETV6-ABL1 fusion in a patient with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm: Initial response to Imatinib followed by rapid transformation into ALL.2
278340722017A Case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia With Rare Variant ETV6/ABL1 Rearrangement.2
337075992021Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with kinase fusions in Taiwan.1
309481622019Eosinophilia in acute myeloid leukemia: Overlooked and underexamined.1
300288192019Cryptic ETV6-ABL1 Fusion and MLL2 Truncation Revealed by Integrative Clinical Sequencing in Multiply Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.1
305534712018Myeloproliferative neoplasm with ABL1/ETV6 rearrangement mimics chronic myeloid leukemia and responds to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.1
291776152018ETV6-ABL1 fusion combined with monosomy 7 in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.1
277109572016Translocation (9;12)(q34.1;p13.?3) Resulted in ETV6-ABL1 Fusion in a Patient with Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.1
359413902022Activation of signaling pathways in models of t(6;9)-acute myeloid leukemia.0
336602582021Management of ETV6-ABL1-positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: report of two cases, a literature review and a call for action.0

Article Bibliography

Pubmed IDLast YearTitleAuthors

Summary

Fusion gene

ETV6/ABL1 ETV6 (12p13.2) ABL1 (9q34.12) M ins(12;9)(p13;q34q34) ins(9;12)(q34;p13p13) t(9;12)(q34;p13) t(9;12;14)(q34;p13;q22)|ETV6/ABL1 ETV6 (12p13.2) ABL1 (9q34.12) TIC

Citation

Etienne De Braekeleer ; Etienne De Braekeleer ; Etienne De Braekeleer

t(9;12)(q34;p13) ETV6/ABL1

Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2014-03-01

Online version: http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/haematological/1080/cancer-prone-explorer/gene-fusions-explorer/img/favicon/manifest.json

Historical Card

2000-12-01 t(9;12)(q34;p13) ETV6/ABL1 by  Nyla A Heerema 

The Ohio State University, Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, 167 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA