SOCS2 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 2)

	Diagram representing the structure of SOCS proteins. At least eight proteins belonging to the SOCS family of proteins are shown (upper panel). They are characterized by the presence of an SH2 central domain and the SOCS box domain at the C-terminus. A small domain called kinase inhibitory region (KIR), only found in SOCS1 and SOCS3, is shown as a small box at the N-terminal region. SOCS proteins can interact with phosphotyrosine phosphorylated proteins through their SH2 domain and with Elongin BC through their SOCS box domain. Other proteins containing a SOCS box domain but lacking a SH2 domain are also shown (lower panel). Adapted from Elliot and Johnston (Elliott and Johnston, 2004) with modifications.
Description	22.2 kDa; 198 aa.
Expression	SOCS mRNA and protein levels are constitutively low in unstimulated cells, but their expression is rapidly induced upon cytokine stimulation, thereby creating a negative feedback loop. Its expression is, in general, induced by stimulation with different cytokines and hormones (Rico-Bautista et al., 2006).
Localisation	Intracellular, cytoplasm.
Function	SOCS mechanisms of action rely on their ability to bind tyrosine phosphorylated proteins through their SH2 domains, but also to bind Elongin BC through their SOCS box domains. SOCS family proteins form part of a classical negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction (Rico-Bautista et al., 2006). SOCS2 appears to be a negative regulator in the growth hormone/IGF1 signaling pathway (Metcalf et al., 2000). SOCS2 appear to be involved in regulating protein turnover, targeting proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation (Rico-Bautista et al., 2004).

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