| Clinics and Pathology |
| Disease | Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) |
| Epidemiology | +8 is one of the major anomalies additional to the t(9;22), with i(17q), + der(22), before +19; found as a unique additional anomaly in 10%, with other in 25% of CML cases with clonal evolution; these additional anomalies may be present at the diagnosis of CML (in 10%, possibly with unfavourable significance), or may appear during course of the disease, they do not indicate the imminence of a blast crisis, although they also frequently emerge at the time of acute transformation; +8 is more often found in the myeloid than in the lymphoid blast crisis. |
| Prognosis | +8 has apparently no prognostic significance in CML; +8 may arise after interferon and/or imatinib treatment. It's significance is unknown. |
| Disease | Other chronic myeloproliferative diseases: polycytemia vera (PV), and idiopathic myelofibrosis (but not found in essential thrombocythemia). |
| Epidemiology | +8 is found in 20% of PV cases with an abnormal karyotype, mostly as the sole anomaly, may be accompanied with +9 (abnormal karyotypes in PV occur mainly with evolution, but the appearance of a clonal anomaly does not indicate progression of the disease); +8 is found in 10% of myelofibrosis cases with chromosome anomalies, sometimes with +9. |
| Prognosis | No prognostic significance |
| Disease | Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): refractory anaemia (RA), refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). |
| Note | The present (unpublished) review of about 250 MDS cases with +8 is a review of literature cases and may therefore be biased, although the percentages herein given are in accordance with those of large series. |
| Epidemiology | +8 is found in 15-20% of MDS; 5-10% of MDS with +8 are treatment-related MDS; +8 is present in each FAB subgroup: up to 25-30% of RARS cases have +8; 15-20% of other subgroups have +8 +8 is : the sole anomaly in 55-65%, found with simple karyopypic changes in 20%, and part of a complex karyotype in the remaining 25% of cases Altogether, sex ratio is significantly unbalanced, near 1.5M/1F (1.8/1 in cases RAEBT and CMML, 1/1 in RA or RARS) - 15% of +8/MDS are found with -5/del(5q), often in complex karyotypes - 4% of +8/MDS are found with t(1;7)(q10;p10)(and 20% of t(1;7)/MDS-AML also associate +8) - 4% as well are found with del(20q), mainly in simple karyotypes - +8 is strickingly found in independant subclones, with other subclones carrying other anomalies, in particular del(5q) or t(1;7) (e.g. : 46, XY, del(5q)/47, XY, +8). |
| Prognosis | Progression from MDS towards AML would occur in about half cases of +8 solely. Median survival in these cases would be about 1.5-2 yrs |
| Disease | Acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) |
| Note | The present (unpublished) review of more than 500 AML cases with +8 is a review of literature cases and may therefore be biased, although the percentages herein given are in accordance with those of large series; we also add 39 unpublished t(11;19) to 101 published cases. |
| Epidemiology | +8 is found in 10-15% of AML; 10% of AML with +8 are treatment-related AML; +8 is present in each FAB subgroup (from M1 to M7) in a grossly equivalent percentage (but in M3, where the percentage is lower (2% as the sole anomaly, 10% altogether), and in M5 where the percentage is higher (10% as the sole anomaly, 20-30% altogether) ), in contrast to what has been previously claimed; cases may present with a preceeding myelodysplasia. +8 is not more frequent in treatment related leukaemias. +8 is : the sole anomaly in 40%, found with simple karyopypic changes in 35%, and part of a complex karyotype in the remaining 25% of cases. Altogether, sex ratio is 1.2/1 (1.6/1 in cases with a complex karyotype, 1/1 otherwise) - 5-10% of +8/AML are found with -5/del(5q)and/or -7/del(7q), often associated, and nearly always in complex karyotypes. - 5-10% also are found in t(15;17)/M3 cases, mostly as a single additional anomaly, while 1/3 of t(15;17) are accompanied with +8 - 5-10% are found with inv(16), mainly in simple karyotypes (and 15% of inv(16) cases also carry +8) - 5% are associated with +21, often parts of a complex karyotype - 5% also are found in 11q23 AML, mostly in t(9;11)(p22;q23) cases (20% of t(9;11) carry +8), while 15% of t(11;19)(q23;p13.3)/AML or ALL (91 cases, 25 unpublished), 10% of t(6;11)(q27;q23)/AML,t(10;11)(p12;q23)/AML, and t(11;19)(q23;p13.1)/AML (49 cases, 14 unpublished) as well, and only 3% of t(4;11)(q21;q23)/ALL, have an additional 8 chromosome; +8 is also frequently associated to a t(1;11)(p32;q23) - less than 5% are found with t(8;21)(q21;q21) often in simple karyotypes, and 10% of t(8;21) associate +8 - less than 5% also are associated with t(9;22)(q34;q11)/AML, mostly in complex karyotypes. - 2% are associated with +9, either in simple or in complex karyotypes. - 1% of +8/AML are found with t(1;7)(q10;p10), but as far as 20% of t(1;7) also associate +8 - 15% of Down syndrome patients with MDS/AML have +8 in their leukaemic cells. +8 is also found in 15% of t(9;22)(q34;q11) and 25% of t(7;12)(q36;p13) cases. |
| Clinics | From 2 studies on AML in adults with +8 solely: no specific FAB subgroup; median age was 60 yrs (vs 50 yrs in cases of +8 accompanying t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16)); no gross organomegaly; moderate WBC. |
| Prognosis | Prognosis of AML in adults with +8 solely: complete remission in 60-70% (vs 90% in cases accompanying t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16)); median survival was 13 mths in one study, 20 mths in another, around 1 year in most; taking all +8 cases, solely or not, median survival would be of about a year; +8 does not seem to alter the relatively good prognosis of t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16), while the (numerous) cases with a complex karyotype exhibit a poor outcome; age is an adverse feature. +8 can be associated with intermediate or poor prognosis. |
| Disease | Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) |
| Phenotype / cell stem origin | +8 is more often found in B-cell than in T-cell cases. |
| Epidemiology | - +8 is a rare anomaly in lymphoid malignancies (90% of +8 occur in myeloid malignancies); found in about 5% of ALL. - rarely found as a sole anomaly (5-10%), may be part of hyperploid karyotypes (>50 chromosomes mainly) without structural anomalies (20% of cases), mostly found in complex karyotypes with structural anomalies (2/3 of cases), these complex karyotypes being often hyperploid as well - sex ratio : 1.5/1 - accompany (mostly in complex karyotypes) : t(9;22)(q34;q11)/ALL, t(4;11) (see above) and other 11q23, del(6q), t(1;19)(q23;p13), dic(9;12) and other known primary anomalies. |
| Disease | Non-Hodgkin lymphomas |
| Epidemiology | +8 is exceptional; has been found associated with t(14;18)(q32; q21), t(8;14)(q24;q32), and other known or unknown anomalies. |
| Disease | Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases |
| Epidemiology | Very rare anomaly (to be noted that +8 is exceptional in T-prolymphocytic leukaemia, in contrast with the freqency of i(8q), which occurs by completely different mechanisms, but gives, for parts, very similar genetic imbalances). |
| Disease | Solid tumours Desmoid fibromatosis and Dupuytren's contracture; +8 is found, mostly as the sole anomaly, in 25% of cases. Clear cell sarcoma with t(12;22)(p11;p11) : +8 is found in 55% of cases of clear cell sarcoma. Ewing tumors with t(11;22)(q24;q12) : +8 is found in 35% of cases of Ewing tumors. Myxoid liposarcoma with t(12;16)(q13;p11) : +8 is found in 15% of cases of myxoid liposarcoma. Synovial sarcoma with t(X;18)(p11;q11) : +8 is found in 10% of cases of synovial sarcoma. Hepatoblastoma : +8 is found (with other anomalies) in 35% of cases of hepatoblastoma. Wilms tumor : +8 is found (with other anomalies) in 25% of cases of cases of Wilms tumor. ... and others. |
| Genetics |
| Genes (possibly) involved are unknown. The leukaemias with +8 appear to be a heterogenous group, with different clinical and cytologic presentations, and different expression profiles as well. +8 is likely to be a secondary event, even in the cases where no known primary anomaly is associated to the +8, and also even in the trisomy 8 solely cases, where cryptic events -such as cryptic translocations or deletions, or mutations- remain to be found as primary events. Imprinting data gave no particular results. Constitutional trisomy 8 patients have an increased risk of developping a leukaemia |
| External links |
| Other database | +8 or trisomy 8 | Mitelman database (CGAP - NCBI) |
| To be noted |
| karyotypes with +8 may be misinterpreted with a possible overlooked constitutional trisomy 8, a syndrome associating mild to moderate mental delay and (sometimes mild as well) bone anomalies; furthermore constitutional trisomy 8 has been said to be at increased rirk of cancers, haematological malignancies in particular. |
| Bibliography |
| MDS and AML with trisomy 8 as the sole chromosome aberration show different sex ratios and prognostic profiles: a study of 115 published cases. |
| Pedersen B |
| American journal of hematology. 1997 ; 56 (4) : 224-229. |
| PMID 9395183 |
| Constitutional trisomy 8 as first mutation in multistep carcinogenesis: clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular data on three cases. |
| Seghezzi L, Maserati E, Minelli A, Dellavecchia C, Addis P, Locatelli F, Angioni A, Balloni P, Miano C, Cavalli P, Danesino C, Pasquali F |
| Genes, chromosomes & cancer. 1996 ; 17 (2) : 94-101. |
| PMID 8913726 |
| The significance of trisomy 8 in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia: the accompanying chromosome aberrations determine the prognosis. German AML Cooperative Study Group. |
| Schoch C, Haase D, Fonatsch C, Haferlach T, Lffler H, Schlegelberger B, Hossfeld DK, Becher R, Sauerland MC, Heinecke A, Wrmann B, Bșchner T, Hiddemann W |
| British journal of haematology. 1997 ; 99 (3) : 605-611. |
| PMID 9401073 |
| Patients with isolated trisomy 8 in acute myeloid leukemia are not cured with cytarabine-based chemotherapy: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 8461. |
| Byrd JC, Lawrence D, Arthur DC, Pettenati MJ, Tantravahi R, Qumsiyeh M, Stamberg J, Davey FR, Schiffer CA, Bloomfield CD |
| Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1998 ; 4 (5) : 1235-1241. |
| PMID 9607582 |
| Trisomy 8 as the sole chromosomal aberration in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. |
| Paulsson K, Johansson B |
| Pathologie-biologie. 2007 ; 55 (1) : 37-48. |
| PMID 16697122 |
| Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer |
| Mitelman F, Johansson B and Mertens F |
| http.. |
| Contributor(s) |
| Written | 11-1998 | Jean Loup Huret |
| Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers; CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France | ||
| Updated | 12-2007 | Jean Loup Huret |
| Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers; CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France |
| Citation |
| This paper should be referenced as such : |
| Huret JL . +8 or trisomy 8. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. November 1998 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Anomalies/tri8ID1017.html |
| Huret JL . +8 or trisomy 8. Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. December 2007 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Anomalies/tri8ID1017.html |
This paper is referenced by INIST as such : |
| http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/37486/1/11-1998-tri8ID1017.pdf [ Bibliographic record ] |
| http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/44390/1/12-2007-tri8ID1017.pdf [ Bibliographic record ] |
| © Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Sat Mar 9 12:38:15 CET 2013 |
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