Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
ECM1 (Extracellular matrix protein 1)
| Identity |
| Other names | p85 protein |
| HGNC (Hugo) | ECM1 |
| LocusID (NCBI) | 1893 |
| Location | 1q21.3 |
| Location_base_pair | Starts at 150480487 and ends at 150486265 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009) [Mapping] |
| DNA/RNA |
 | |
| A. ECM1 DNA. B. ECM1 transcripts. | |
| Description | The gene was initially described as having 10 exons. Afterwards an alternative spliced exon 5a was detected. |
| Transcription | Four transcripts are described of which three transcripts have been identified by Northern blot analysis and 1 by PCR. ECM1a (lacks exon 5a, 1.8kb); ECM1b (exon 5a and exon 7 are missing, 1.4kb); ECM1c (contains exon 5a, 1.85kb); ECM1d (splice variant in which 71 bp of the 3' end of intron 1 are transcribed, resulting in a truncated 57 aa protein, only dedected by PCR, DQ010946). |
| Protein |
 | |
| Schematic representation of ECM1 and its four splice variants: ECM1 protein is divided in a signal sequence (19 aa) (black box) and four different domains based on the presence or absence of cysteines: an N-terminal cysteine-free domain (white box), two tandem repeats (green and gray box), and a C-terminal region (blue box). ECM1c differs from ECM1a containing 19 aa encoded by exon 5a, ECM1b results from an alternative trancript caused by splicing out exon 7(shaded black). ECM1d encodes a truncated protein composed of 57 aa containing exon 1, exon 2 and a part of exon 3. | |
| Expression | ECM1a is widely expressed in liver, small testines, lung, ovary, prostate, testis, skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney, placenta, heart, basal keratinocytes, dermal blood vessels, and adnexal epithelia including hair follicles and sweat glands. ECM1b is dedectable in tonsils and the spinous and granular layers of the epidermis. ECM1c is expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis. Important remark: ECM1 antibodies available to detect ECM1 protein are not able to discriminate between ECM1a and ECM1c. ECM1d: expression pattern is not known yet. |
| Localisation | Ultrastructurally, ECM1a/c is a basement membrane protein in human skin and is part of network-like suprastructures containing perlecan, collagen type IV and laminin 332 as constituents. |
| Function | The exact biological function of ECM1 is not elucidated yet, but evidence for its involvement in important biophysiological processes, like skin differentiation, endochondral bone formation and angiogenesis have now emerged. In the broader context of skin biology, ECM1 appears to have many functions and particular a 'biological super-glue' action has been hypothesized. |
| Homology | A computationally predicted three-dimensional structure of ECM1a is depicted below. Based on the third serum albumin domain ECM1a protein can be divided into four domains. The first domain containing alpha-helices (alphaD1) and three serum albumin subdomain-like domains (SASDL 2-4), each of three sequences comparable with a complete subdomain of the third serum albumin domain. AlphaD1 exits only of Alpha-helices, whereas SASDL2 and -3 are capable of binding most of the extracellular matrix proteins identified so far (collagen type IV, laminin 332, fibronectin, perlecan, fibulin 1C/D, fibulin-3 and MPP-9). |
 | |
| Computationally predicted three-dimensional structure of ECM1a. | |
| Mutations |
| Note | Mutations were described in lipoid proteinosis (LiP; OMIN#247100), also known as hyalinosis cutis et mucosae or Urbach-Wiethe disease. This is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized thickening of skin, mucosae, and certain viscera. Histologically, there is widespread deposition of hyaline (glycoprotein) material and disruption/reduplication of basement membrane. Classic features include beaded eyelid papules and laryngeal infiltration leading to hoarseness. More than 40 distinct missense, nonsense, splice site, small and large deletions and insertions have been reported. Approximately 50% of the mutations cluster to exon 6 and 7 of the gene. |
 | |
| Mutation in ECM1. The homozygous mutations in LiP patients are indicated with double arrows. Missense or nonsense mutations are indicated in red and frameshift mutations in black. | |
| Implicated in |
| Entity | Lipoid proteinosis |
| Disease | Lipoid proteinosis, also known as hyalinosis cutis et mucosae or Urbach-Wiethe disease. Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by the deposition of an amorphous hyaline material in the skin, mucosa, and viscera. Papular infiltration of the margin of the lids producing 'itchy eyes', and infiltration in the tongue and its frenulum, in the larynx leading to hoarseness, and in the skin (e.g., elbows and axilla) are characteristic. |
| Entity | Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus |
| Disease | Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of unknown aethiology that results in white plaques with epidermal atrophy. It has both genital and extragenital presentations. HLA-subtype susceptibility and high rates of other autoimmune disorders suggest that autoantibodies to specific mucocutaneous antigens may be involved in the aetiology of lichen sclerosus. The similarities with lipoid proteinosis, which results from mutations in the ECM1 gene, suggested that this protein may be an autoantigen in lichen sclerosus. Indeed, circulating auto-antibodies to ECM1 were found in the sera of 67% of lichen sclerosus patients. In conclusion lipoid proteinosis and lichen sclerosus are immunogenetic counterparts targeting ECM1. |
| Entity | Ulcerative colitis |
| Note | A nonsynonymous SNP (rs11205387) has been associated with ulcerative colitis. ECM1 variation was not associated with Crohn's disease. |
| Entity | Cancer |
| Note | A survey of ECM1 expression in different tumors indicated that ECM1, although not tumor specific, is significantly elevated in many malignant epithelial tumors that gave rise to metastases. Together with the observation that human recombinant ECM1 stimulates proliferation of cultured endothelial cells and promotes blood vessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos suggest that ECM1 is a possible trigger for angiogenesis, tumor progression and malignancies. |
| External links |
| Bibliography |
| Characterization of the human extracellular matrix protein 1 gene on chromosome 1q21. |
| Johnson MR, Wilkin DJ, Vos HL, Ortiz de Luna RI, Dehejia AM, Polymeropoulos MH, Francomano CA. |
| Matrix Biol. 1997 Nov;16(5):289-92. |
| PMID 9501329 |
| The human extracellular matrix gene 1 (ECM1): genomic structure, cDNA cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal localization. |
| Smits P, Ni J, Feng P, Wauters J, Van Hul W, Boutaibi ME, Dillon PJ, Merregaert J. |
| Genomics. 1997 Nov 1;45(3):487-95. |
| PMID 9367673 |
| Differentiation-dependent alternative splicing and expression of the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene in human keratinocytes. |
| Smits P, Poumay Y, Karperien M, Tylzanowski P, Wauters J, Huylebroeck D, Ponec M, Merregaert J. |
| J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Apr;114(4):718-24. |
| PMID 10733679 |
| Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) has angiogenic properties and is expressed by breast tumor cells. |
| Han Z, Ni J, Smits P, Underhill CB, Xie B, Chen Y, Liu N, Tylzanowski P, Parmelee D, Feng P, Ding I, Gao F, Gentz R, Huylebroeck D, Merregaert J, Zhang L. |
| FASEB J. 2001 Apr;15(6):988-94. |
| PMID 11292659 |
| Lipoid proteinosis maps to 1q21 and is caused by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1). |
| Hamada T, McLean WH, Ramsay M, Ashton GH, Nanda A, Jenkins T, Edelstein I, South AP, Bleck O, Wessagowit V, Mallipeddi R, Orchard GE, Wan H, Dopping-Hepenstal PJ, Mellerio JE, Whittock NV, Munro CS, van Steensel MA, Steijlen PM, Ni J, Zhang L, Hashimoto T, Eady RA, McGrath JA. |
| Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Apr 1;11(7):833-40. |
| PMID 11929856 |
| Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) mutations in lipoid proteinosis and genotype-phenotype correlation. |
| Hamada T, Wessagowit V, South AP, Ashton GH, Chan I, Oyama N, Siriwattana A, Jewhasuchin P, Charuwichitratana S, Thappa DM, Jeevankumar B, Lenane P, Krafchik B, Kulthanan K, Shimizu H, Kaya TI, Erdal ME, Paradisi M, Paller AS, Seishima M, Hashimoto T, McGrath JA. |
| J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Mar;120(3):345-50. |
| PMID 12603844 |
| Perlecan protein core interacts with extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), a glycoprotein involved in bone formation and angiogenesis. |
| Mongiat M, Fu J, Oldershaw R, Greenhalgh R, Gown AM, Iozzo RV. |
| J Biol Chem. 2003 May 9;278(19):17491-9. Epub 2003 Feb 25. |
| PMID 12604605 |
| Autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1 in lichen sclerosus. |
| Oyama N, Chan I, Neill SM, Hamada T, South AP, Wessagowit V, Wojnarowska F, D'Cruz D, Hughes GJ, Black MM, McGrath JA. |
| Lancet. 2003 Jul 12;362(9378):118-23. |
| PMID 12867112 |
| Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is over-expressed in malignant epithelial tumors. |
| Wang L, Yu J, Ni J, Xu XM, Wang J, Ning H, Pei XF, Chen J, Yang S, Underhill CB, Liu L, Liekens J, Merregaert J, Zhang L. |
| Cancer Lett. 2003 Oct 8;200(1):57-67. |
| PMID 14550953 |
| Development of antigen-specific ELISA for circulating autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1 in lichen sclerosus. |
| Oyama N, Chan I, Neill SM, South AP, Wojnarowska F, Kawakami Y, D'Cruz D, Mepani K, Hughes GJ, Bhogal BS, Kaneko F, Black MM, McGrath JA. |
| J Clin Invest. 2004 Jun;113(11):1550-9. |
| PMID 15173881 |
| ECM1 and TMPRSS4 are diagnostic markers of malignant thyroid neoplasms and improve the accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy. |
| Kebebew E, Peng M, Reiff E, Duh QY, Clark OH, McMillan A. |
| Ann Surg. 2005 Sep;242(3):353-61; discussion 361-3. |
| PMID 16135921 |
| A novel splice-site mutation in ECM-1 gene in a consanguineous family with lipoid proteinosis. |
| Horev L, Potikha T, Ayalon S, Molho-Pessach V, Ingber A, Gany MA, Edin BS, Glaser B, Zlotogorski A. |
| Exp Dermatol. 2005 Dec;14(12):891-7. |
| PMID 16274456 |
| Functional redundancy of extracellular matrix protein 1 in epidermal differentiation. |
| Sercu S, Poumay Y, Herphelin F, Liekens J, Beek L, Zwijsen A, Wessagowit V, Huylebroeck D, McGrath JA, Merregaert J. |
| Br J Dermatol. 2007 Oct;157(4):771-5. Epub 2007 Aug 17. |
| PMID 17711528 |
| Genetic determinants of ulcerative colitis include the ECM1 locus and five loci implicated in Crohn's disease. |
| Fisher SA, Tremelling M, Anderson CA, Gwilliam R, Bumpstead S, Prescott NJ, Nimmo ER, Massey D, Berzuini C, Johnson C, Barrett JC, Cummings FR, Drummond H, Lees CW, Onnie CM, Hanson CE, Blaszczyk K, Inouye M, Ewels P, Ravindrarajah R, Keniry A, Hunt S, Carter M, Watkins N, Ouwehand W, Lewis CM, Cardon L; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Lobo A, Forbes A, Sanderson J, Jewell DP, Mansfield JC, Deloukas P, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Satsangi J. |
| Nat Genet. 2008 Jun;40(6):710-2. Epub 2008 Apr 27. |
| PMID 18438406 |
| The extracellular matrix protein 1: its molecular interaction and implication in tumor progression. |
| Sercu S, Zhang L, Merregaert J. |
| Cancer Invest. 2008 May;26(4):375-84. |
| PMID 18443958 |
| Interaction of extracellular matrix protein 1 with extracellular matrix components: ECM1 is a basement membrane protein of the skin. |
| Sercu S, Zhang M, Oyama N, Hansen U, Ghalbzouri AE, Jun G, Geentjens K, Zhang L, Merregaert JH. |
| J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Jun;128(6):1397-408. Epub 2008 Jan 17. |
| PMID 18200062 |
| Investigation of Crohn's disease risk loci in ulcerative colitis further defines their molecular relationship. |
| Anderson CA, Massey DC, Barrett JC, Prescott NJ, Tremelling M, Fisher SA, Gwilliam R, Jacob J, Nimmo ER, Drummond H, Lees CW, Onnie CM, Hanson C, Blaszczyk K, Ravindrarajah R, Hunt S, Varma D, Hammond N, Lewis G, Attlesey H, Watkins N, Ouwehand W, Strachan D, McArdle W, Lewis CM; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Lobo A, Sanderson J, Jewell DP, Deloukas P, Mansfield JC, Mathew CG, Satsangi J, Parkes M. |
| Gastroenterology. 2009 Feb;136(2):523-9.e3. Epub 2008 Oct 25. |
| PMID 19068216 |
| Extracellular matrix 1 (ECM1) expression is a novel prognostic marker for poor long-term survival in breast cancer: a Hospital-based Cohort Study in Iowa. |
| Lal G, Hashimi S, Smith BJ, Lynch CF, Zhang L, Robinson RA, Weigel RJ. |
| Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Aug;16(8):2280-7. Epub 2009 Jun 12. |
| PMID 19521735 |
| ECM1 interacts with fibulin-3 and the beta 3 chain of laminin 332 through its serum albumin subdomain-like 2 domain. |
| Sercu S, Lambeir AM, Steenackers E, El Ghalbzouri A, Geentjens K, Sasaki T, Oyama N, Merregaert J. |
| Matrix Biol. 2009 Apr;28(3):160-9. Epub 2009 Mar 9. |
| PMID 19275936 |
| Importance of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in maintaining the functional integrity of the human skin. |
| Sercu S, Oyama N, Merregaert J. |
| The Open Dermatology. 2009, 3, 44-51. (REVIEW) |
| REVIEW articles | automatic search in PubMed |
| Last year publications | automatic search in PubMed |
| Contributor(s) |
| Written | 10-2009 | Joseph Merregaert, Wim Van Hul |
| Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium |
| Citation |
| This paper should be referenced as such : |
| Merregaert J, Van Hul W . ECM1 (Extracellular matrix protein 1). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. October 2009 . URL : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/ECM1ID40398ch1q21.html |
This paper is referenced by INIST as such : |
| http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/44821/1/10-2009-ECM1ID40398ch1q21.pdf [ Bibliographic record ] |
| © Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Wed May 1 12:53:17 CEST 2013 |
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