
| Written | 2014-09 | Jean-Loup Huret |
| Genetics, Dept Medical Information, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers Hospital, F-86021 Poitiers, France |
| Identity |
| Atlas_Id | 6751 |
| Phylum | Lung, Heart, Skin, Other::Adenocarcinoma |
| Classification |
| In the group of malignant epithelial tumours of the lungs, adenocarcinomas belong to the non-small cell carcinomas (non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)), as opposed to small cell carcinomas (SCLC). Other NSCLCs of the lungs are: squamous cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, large cell carcinomas, sarcomatoid carcinomas, carcinoid tumours, and salivary gland tumours. |
| Clinics and Pathology |
| Disease | Lung adenocarcinoma |
| Note | KRAS (12p12) and EGFR (7p11) are mutated in 15% and 10% of NSCLCs, and PIK3CA (3q26), BRAF (7q34), and ERBB2 (17q12) are mutated in another 5% of NSCLCs. The presence of EGFR or KRAS mutations and translocations such as EML4/ALK or other tyrosine kinase fusions (see below), are mutually exclusive in lung adenocarcinoma. Three tyrosine kinase receptors are recurrently found implicated in translocations: ALK (2p23), ROS1 (6q22), and RET (10q11). Kinase fusion positive (ALK, ROS1 and RET fusions) lung cancers are (almost) exclusively adenocarcinomas, at times squamous or adenosquamous carcinomas. In a study of 16 patients with adenocarcinoma and one patient with large cell carcinoma, never-smokers have more often EGFR mutations or ALK-ROS1-RET translocations and smokers more often KRAS, TP53, BRAF, JAK2, JAK3 and mismatch repair gene mutations (Govindan et al., 2012). |
| Epidemiology | Adenocarcinomas comprise 30% to 40% of lung cancers, with geographical variations, and it is becoming more prevalent. Tobacco smoking is the major cause of lung cancer of each histological subtype, but adenocarcinoma is more frequently found in non-smokers than any other histologic types of lung cancer. |
| Clinics | Adenocarcinomas are more common in the peripheral lung (alveolar or bronchioalveolar cell) than in central location, and the visceral pleura is therefore frequently involved, with fibrosis. Patients with ALK, ROS1, or RET fusion transcripts are often younger nonsmoking female patients, with early lymph node metastases. |
| Pathology | Presence of either solid signet ring cell or cribriform patterns with abundant extracellular mucus is frequently found in ALK-ROS1-RET translocations cases (Takeuchi et al., 2012; Yoshida et al., 2013). |
| Genes | - As said above, three membrane associated tyrosine kinase receptors are recurrently involved in translocations in adenocarcinomas: ALK, implicated with six possible different partners; ROS1, implicated with nine possible partners; RET, implicated with three possible partners. Other tyrosine kinases can also be involved (PDGFRA (4q12), DDR1 (6p21), FGFR2 (10q26), AXL (19q13), ...). - Eight others genes were found implicated in two distinct translocations: APAF1 (12q23, structural core of the apoptosome), CCDC6 (10q21, structural constituent of the cytoskeleton), GOPC (6q22, ion channel binding protein), H19 (11p15, non-protein coding sequence), KDELR2 (7p22, receptor), KIF5B (10p11, motor protein), SFTPA2 and SFTPB (10q22 and 2p11, surfactant-associated proteins); 138 other genes were implicated once. |
| Treatment | Targeted therapies: the treatments for NSCLCs have shown impressive clinical responses in patients with EGFR mutations treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. ALK and ROS1 fusions proteins are both sensitive to treatment with the new ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and clinical trials report an overall response rate of 57% in patients with ALK rearrangements. Cells expressing KIF5B/RET were found sensitive to multitargeted kinase inhibitors that inhibit RET. Therefore, more than 50% of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma may benefit from treatments with corresponding kinase inhibitors (Takeuchi et al., 2012). |
| Prognosis | In a study of 248 patients with NSCLC, the 2-year overall survival rates were 89% for EGFR, 73% for KRAS, 74% for ALK, and 62% for RET. There was no significant difference between patients with RET-positive and RET-negative tumors. Patients with EGFR mutations had a significantly longer overall survival than patients with KRAS mutations (Wang et al., 2012). Patients lacking EGFR mutations or translocations involving tyrosine kinases are left with a dismal 5-year survival rate of 15%. |
| Cytogenetics |
| Note | The most frequent ALK fusion in adenocarcinomas of the lung is EML4/ALK (4% to 7% of cases), and the second is KIF5B/ALK (0.5%). ROS1 fusions are found in 1% to 2.5% of patients with NSCLCs (Davies et al., 2012; Yoshida et al., 2013). RET fusions occur in 1.4% of NSCLCs and 1.7% of lung adenocarcinomas (Takeuchi et al., 2012; Yoshida et al., 2013). - ALK is implicated with six possible different partners: inv(2)(p21p23) or del(2)(p21p23) EML4/ALK, t(2;2)(p23;p22) STRN/ALK, t(2;3)(p23;q12) TFG/ALK, t(2;9)(p23;q31) ALK/PTPN3, t(2;10)(p23;p11) KIF5B/ALK and t(2;14)(p23;q32) KLC1/ALK; - ROS1 is implicated with nine possible partners: t(1;6)(q21;q22) TPM3/ROS1, t(4;6)(p15;q22) SLC34A2/ROS1, t(5;6)(q33;q22) CD74/ROS1, t(6;6)(q22;q22) GOPC/ROS1, inv(6)(q22q25) EZR/ROS1, t(6;7)(q22;p22) KDELR2/ROS1, t(6;10)(q22;q21) CCDC6/ROS1, t(6;12)(q22;q14) LRIG3/ROS1, and t(6;20)(q22;q12) SDC4/ROS1; - RET is implicated with three possible partners: inv(10)(p11q11) CCDC6/RET, inv(10)(p11q11) KIF5B/RET, and inv(10)(q11q11) NCOA4/RET. These translocations lead to aberrant tyrosine kinase activation. |
| Cytogenetics Morphological | The eighty six translocations reported so far in adenocarcinomas of the lung greatly differ from that ones found in squamous cell carcinoma, or that ones found in small cell carcinoma. They are the following: t(X;X)(p22;q13) EDA/MID1 (Seo et al., 2012) t(1;1)(p36;p36) UBR4/ATP13A2 (Seo et al., 2012) t(2;2)(p23;p22) STRN/ALK (Majewski et al., 2013) t(3;3)(p25;p25) TTLL3/MTMR14 (Imielinski et al., 2012) t(4;6)(p15;q22) SLC34A2/ROS1 (Davies et al., 2012; Rimkunas et al 2012; Seo et al., 2012; Takeuchi et al., 2012) t(5;5)(q12;q12) ERBB2IP/MAST4 (Seo et al., 2012) t(6;6)(q22;q22) GOPC/ROS1 (Rimkunas et al., 2012; Suehara et al., 2012) t(9;9)(q34;q34) TUBB4B/COBRA1 (Imielinski et al., 2012) inv(10)(p11q11) CCDC6/RET (Matsubara et al., 2012; Takeuchi et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2012) t(11;11)(q13;q13) RBM14/FGF3 (Seo et al., 2012) t(12;12)(q13;q14) SLC16A7/MUCL1 (Seo et al., 2012) t(14;19)(q13;q13) AXL/MBIP (Seo et al., 2012) t(15;15)(q22;q24) CYP1A2/SPG21 (Imielinski et al., 2012) t(16;16)(p13;p13) MSLN/WDR90 (Majewski et al., 2013) t(17;17)(p13;p13) XAF1/FAM64A (Seo et al., 2012) t(18;18)(q11;q11) LAMA3/RIOK3 (Majewski et al., 2013) t(19;19)(p13;p13) MIER2/NMRK2 (Seo et al., 2012) |
| Bibliography |
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| Choi YL, Takeuchi K, Soda M, Inamura K, Togashi Y, Hatano S, Enomoto M, Hamada T, Haruta H, Watanabe H, Kurashina K, Hatanaka H, Ueno T, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Sugiyama Y, Ishikawa Y, Mano H. |
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| PMID 18593892 |
| Identifying and targeting ROS1 gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer. |
| Davies KD, Le AT, Theodoro MF, Skokan MC, Aisner DL, Berge EM, Terracciano LM, Cappuzzo F, Incarbone M, Roncalli M, Alloisio M, Santoro A, Camidge DR, Varella-Garcia M, Doebele RC. |
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| PMID 22919003 |
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| Govindan R, Ding L, Griffith M, Subramanian J, Dees ND, Kanchi KL, Maher CA, Fulton R, Fulton L, Wallis J, Chen K, Walker J, McDonald S, Bose R, Ornitz D, Xiong D, You M, Dooling DJ, Watson M, Mardis ER, Wilson RK. |
| Cell. 2012 Sep 14;150(6):1121-34. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.024. |
| PMID 22980976 |
| Mapping the hallmarks of lung adenocarcinoma with massively parallel sequencing. |
| Imielinski M, Berger AH, Hammerman PS, Hernandez B, Pugh TJ, Hodis E, Cho J, Suh J, Capelletti M, Sivachenko A, Sougnez C, Auclair D, Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Cibulskis K, Choi K, de Waal L, Sharifnia T, Brooks A, Greulich H, Banerji S, Zander T, Seidel D, Leenders F, Ansn S, Ludwig C, Engel-Riedel W, Stoelben E, Wolf J, Goparju C, Thompson K, Winckler W, Kwiatkowski D, Johnson BE, Janne PA, Miller VA, Pao W, Travis WD, Pass HI, Gabriel SB, Lander ES, Thomas RK, Garraway LA, Getz G, Meyerson M. |
| Cell. 2012 Sep 14;150(6):1107-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.029. |
| PMID 22980975 |
| A transforming KIF5B and RET gene fusion in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. |
| Ju YS, Lee WC, Shin JY, Lee S, Bleazard T, Won JK, Kim YT, Kim JI, Kang JH, Seo JS. |
| Genome Res. 2012 Mar;22(3):436-45. doi: 10.1101/gr.133645.111. Epub 2011 Dec 22. |
| PMID 22194472 |
| Discovery of ALK-PTPN3 gene fusion from human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line using next generation RNA sequencing. |
| Jung Y, Kim P, Jung Y, Keum J, Kim SN, Choi YS, Do IG, Lee J, Choi SJ, Kim S, Lee JE, Kim J, Lee S, Kim J. |
| Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2012 Jun;51(6):590-7. doi: 10.1002/gcc.21945. Epub 2012 Feb 15. |
| PMID 22334442 |
| KIF5B-RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma. |
| Kohno T, Ichikawa H, Totoki Y, Yasuda K, Hiramoto M, Nammo T, Sakamoto H, Tsuta K, Furuta K, Shimada Y, Iwakawa R, Ogiwara H, Oike T, Enari M, Schetter AJ, Okayama H, Haugen A, Skaug V, Chiku S, Yamanaka I, Arai Y, Watanabe S, Sekine I, Ogawa S, Harris CC, Tsuda H, Yoshida T, Yokota J, Shibata T. |
| Nat Med. 2012 Feb 12;18(3):375-7. doi: 10.1038/nm.2644. |
| PMID 22327624 |
| EML4-ALK fusion gene and efficacy of an ALK kinase inhibitor in lung cancer. |
| Koivunen JP, Mermel C, Zejnullahu K, Murphy C, Lifshits E, Holmes AJ, Choi HG, Kim J, Chiang D, Thomas R, Lee J, Richards WG, Sugarbaker DJ, Ducko C, Lindeman N, Marcoux JP, Engelman JA, Gray NS, Lee C, Meyerson M, Janne PA. |
| Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 1;14(13):4275-83. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0168. |
| PMID 18594010 |
| Identification of new ALK and RET gene fusions from colorectal and lung cancer biopsies. |
| Lipson D, Capelletti M, Yelensky R, Otto G, Parker A, Jarosz M, Curran JA, Balasubramanian S, Bloom T, Brennan KW, Donahue A, Downing SR, Frampton GM, Garcia L, Juhn F, Mitchell KC, White E, White J, Zwirko Z, Peretz T, Nechushtan H, Soussan-Gutman L, Kim J, Sasaki H, Kim HR, Park SI, Ercan D, Sheehan CE, Ross JS, Cronin MT, Janne PA, Stephens PJ. |
| Nat Med. 2012 Feb 12;18(3):382-4. doi: 10.1038/nm.2673. |
| PMID 22327622 |
| Identification of recurrent FGFR3 fusion genes in lung cancer through kinome-centred RNA sequencing. |
| Majewski IJ, Mittempergher L, Davidson NM, Bosma A, Willems SM, Horlings HM, de Rink I, Greger L, Hooijer GK, Peters D, Nederlof PM, Hofland I, de Jong J, Wesseling J, Kluin RJ, Brugman W, Kerkhoven R, Nieboer F, Roepman P, Broeks A, Muley TR, Jassem J, Niklinski J, van Zandwijk N, Brazma A, Oshlack A, van den Heuvel M, Bernards R. |
| J Pathol. 2013 Jul;230(3):270-6. doi: 10.1002/path.4209. |
| PMID 23661334 |
| Identification of CCDC6-RET fusion in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, LC-2/ad. |
| Matsubara D, Kanai Y, Ishikawa S, Ohara S, Yoshimoto T, Sakatani T, Oguni S, Tamura T, Kataoka H, Endo S, Murakami Y, Aburatani H, Fukayama M, Niki T. |
| J Thorac Oncol. 2012 Dec;7(12):1872-6. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182721ed1. |
| PMID 23154560 |
| Detection of E2A-PBX1 fusion transcripts in human non-small-cell lung cancer. |
| Mo ML, Chen Z, Zhou HM, Li H, Hirata T, Jablons DM, He B. |
| J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2013 May 20;32:29. doi: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-29. |
| PMID 23688269 |
| Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. |
| Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ. |
| Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. |
| PMID 18083107 |
| Analysis of receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1-positive tumors in non-small cell lung cancer: identification of a FIG-ROS1 fusion. |
| Rimkunas VM, Crosby KE, Li D, Hu Y, Kelly ME, Gu TL, Mack JS, Silver MR, Zhou X, Haack H. |
| Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Aug 15;18(16):4449-57. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3351. Epub 2012 Jun 1. |
| PMID 22661537 |
| The transcriptional landscape and mutational profile of lung adenocarcinoma. |
| Seo JS, Ju YS, Lee WC, Shin JY, Lee JK, Bleazard T, Lee J, Jung YJ, Kim JO, Shin JY, Yu SB, Kim J, Lee ER, Kang CH, Park IK, Rhee H, Lee SH, Kim JI, Kang JH, Kim YT. |
| Genome Res. 2012 Nov;22(11):2109-19. doi: 10.1101/gr.145144.112. Epub 2012 Sep 13. |
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| Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. |
| Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S, Fujiwara S, Watanabe H, Kurashina K, Hatanaka H, Bando M, Ohno S, Ishikawa Y, Aburatani H, Niki T, Sohara Y, Sugiyama Y, Mano H. |
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| Identification of KIF5B-RET and GOPC-ROS1 fusions in lung adenocarcinomas through a comprehensive mRNA-based screen for tyrosine kinase fusions. |
| Suehara Y, Arcila M, Wang L, Hasanovic A, Ang D, Ito T, Kimura Y, Drilon A, Guha U, Rusch V, Kris MG, Zakowski MF, Rizvi N, Khanin R, Ladanyi M. |
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| RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer. |
| Takeuchi K, Soda M, Togashi Y, Suzuki R, Sakata S, Hatano S, Asaka R, Hamanaka W, Ninomiya H, Uehara H, Lim Choi Y, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K, Mano H, Ishikawa Y. |
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| KLC1-ALK: a novel fusion in lung cancer identified using a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue only. |
| Togashi Y, Soda M, Sakata S, Sugawara E, Hatano S, Asaka R, Nakajima T, Mano H, Takeuchi K. |
| PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31323. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031323. Epub 2012 Feb 8. |
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| RET fusions define a unique molecular and clinicopathologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer. |
| Wang R, Hu H, Pan Y, Li Y, Ye T, Li C, Luo X, Wang L, Li H, Zhang Y, Li F, Lu Y, Lu Q, Xu J, Garfield D, Shen L, Ji H, Pao W, Sun Y, Chen H. |
| J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec 10;30(35):4352-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.1477. Epub 2012 Nov 13. |
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| A novel KIF5B-ALK variant in nonsmall cell lung cancer. |
| Wong DW, Leung EL, Wong SK, Tin VP, Sihoe AD, Cheng LC, Au JS, Chung LP, Wong MP. |
| Cancer. 2011 Jun 15;117(12):2709-18. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25843. Epub 2011 Jan 10. |
| PMID 21656749 |
| ROS1-rearranged lung cancer: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of 15 surgical cases. |
| Yoshida A, Kohno T, Tsuta K, Wakai S, Arai Y, Shimada Y, Asamura H, Furuta K, Shibata T, Tsuda H. |
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| Citation |
| This paper should be referenced as such : |
| JL Huret |
| Lung: Translocations in Adenocarcinoma |
| Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2015;19(4):311-315. |
| Free journal version : [ pdf ] [ DOI ] |
| On line version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Tumors/TranslocLungAdenocarcID6751.html |
| Other genes implicated (Data extracted from papers in the Atlas) [ 2 ] |
| Genes | MECOM | INPP4B |
| Translocations implicated (Data extracted from papers in the Atlas) |
| t(X;X)(p22;q13) EDA/MID1 | |
| t(X;1)(q23;q24) ACSL4/DCAF6 | |
| t(X;20)(p11;p12) SPTLC3/MAOA | |
| t(1;1)(p36;p36) UBR4/ATP13A2 | |
| t(1;1)(p36;p34) ARHGEF16/TCTEX1D4 | |
| t(1;1)(p35;p35) SRSF4/SNRNP40 | |
| t(1;1)(p34;p32) FGGY/TESK2 | |
| t(1;1)(p13;p12) IGSF3/MAN1A2 | |
| t(1;1)(p13;p12) VANGL1/HAO2 | |
| t(1;1)(q24;q24) CD247/GPR161 | |
| t(1;6)(p32;q14) ZFYVE9/CGA | |
| t(1;6)(q21;q22) TPM3/ROS1 | |
| t(1;19)(q23;p13) TCF3/PBX1 | |
| t(2;2)(p23;p22) STRN/ALK | |
| inv(2)(p21p23) EML4/ALK | |
| del(2)(p21p23) EML4/ALK | |
| t(2;2)(p22;p21) MAP4K3/PRKCE | |
| t(2;2)(q21;q22) MGAT5/HNMT | |
| t(2;2)(q24;q24) STK39/B3GALT1 | |
| t(2;2)(q33;q33) ADAM23/SGOL2 | |
| t(2;3)(p23;q12) TFG/ALK | |
| t(2;8)(p11;p21) SFTPB/DPYSL2 | |
| t(2;9)(p23;q31) ALK/PTPN3 | |
| t(2;10)(p23;p11) KIF5B/ALK | |
| t(2;10)(p11;q22) SFTPA2/SFTPB | |
| t(2;14)(p23;q32) KLC1/ALK | |
| t(2;19)(q11;q13) XRCC1/MAL | |
| t(3;3)(p25;p25) TTLL3/MTMR14 | |
| t(3;3)(p24;p24) EOMES/SLC4A7 | |
| t(3;3)(p21;p14) CACNA2D3/FLNB | |
| t(3;3)(q21;q22) MGLL/SLCO2A1 | |
| t(3;3)(q25;q25) CP/WWTR1 | |
| t(3;6)(p24;q16) UBE2E1/ASCC3 | |
| t(4;6)(p15;q22) SLC34A2/ROS1 | |
| t(4;12)(q12;q12) SCAF11/PDGFRA | |
| t(5;5)(q12;q12) ERBB2IP/MAST4 | |
| t(5;5)(q13;q13) ARHGEF28/UTP15 | |
| t(5;5)(q31;q31) UBE2D2/MATR3 | |
| t(5;6)(q11;p22) IL6ST/KDM1B | |
| t(5;6)(q33;q22) CD74/ROS1 | |
| t(5;6)(q33;q22) ROS1/CD74 | |
| t(5;8)(p15;q22) CMBL/NDUFAF6 | |
| t(5;10)(q35;q11) SGMS1/STK10 | |
| t(5;12)(q33;q14) GRIP1/TNIP1 | |
| t(6;6)(q22;q22) GOPC/ROS1 | |
| t(6;6)(q22;q22) TPD52L1/TRMT11 | |
| inv(6)(q22q25) EZR/ROS1 | |
| t(6;7)(q22;p22) KDELR2/GOPC | |
| t(6;7)(q22;p22) KDELR2/ROS1 | |
| t(6;10)(q22;q21) CCDC6/ROS1 | |
| t(6;12)(q22;q14) LRIG3/ROS1 | |
| t(6;12)(q24;q13-14) UTRN/OS9 | |
| t(6;20)(q22;q12) SDC4/ROS1 | |
| t(9;9)(q34;q34) TUBB4B/COBRA1 | |
| t(9;12)(p13;q23) APAF1/TLN1 | |
| t(9;12)(p13;q23) APAF1/UNC13B | |
| inv(10)(p11q11) CCDC6/RET | |
| inv(10)(p11q11) KIF5B/RET | |
| inv(10)(q11q11) NCOA4/RET | |
| t(10;10)(q11;q11) MARCH8/PRKG1 | |
| t(10;10)(q25;q25) SHOC2/RBM20 | |
| t(10;12)(q26;q24) FGFR2/CIT | |
| t(10;19)(q22;q13) FTL/SFTPA2 | |
| t(11;11)(q13;q13) RBM14/FGF3 | |
| t(11;11)(q23;q23) HYOU1/C11ORF93 | |
| t(11;13)(q24;q14) APLP2/TNFSF11 | |
| t(11;14)(p15;q11) MMP14/H19 | |
| t(11;19)(p15;p13) H19/CALR | |
| t(12;12)(q13;q14) SLC16A7/MUCL1 | |
| t(12;12)(q15;q21) RAB21/FRS2 | |
| t(12;12)(q23;q24) TXNRD1/GPR133 | |
| t(12;16)(p12;q23) KRAS/CDH13 | |
| t(12;17)(q14;q25) RASSF3/TTYH2 | |
| t(14;19)(q13;q13) AXL/MBIP | |
| t(15;15)(q22;q24) CYP1A2/SPG21 | |
| t(15;22)(q21;q12) MCM5/TRPM7 | |
| t(16;16)(p13;p13) MSLN/WDR90 | |
| t(17;17)(p13;p13) XAF1/FAM64A | |
| t(17;17)(p12;p11) TTC19/ATPAF2 | |
| t(17;17)(q11;q12) IKZF3/NF1 | |
| t(17;17)(q23;q23) BCAS3/MAP3K3 | |
| t(17;21)(q24;q22) BRWD1/CCDC46 | |
| t(18;18)(q11;q11) LAMA3/RIOK3 | |
| t(18;20)(p11;q13) PHACTR3/PTPRM | |
| t(19;19)(p13;p13) MIER2/NMRK2 | |
| t(19;19)(p13;p13) OAZ1/SF3A2 | |
| t(19;19)(q13;q13) LSM14A/SIPA1L3 | |
| t(19;19)(q13;q13) RHPN2/ANKRD27 | |
| External links |
| REVIEW articles | automatic search in PubMed |
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| © Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology | indexed on : Fri Jun 30 11:25:20 CEST 2017 |
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